Deck 24: Care of Patients with Peripheral Nerve and Degenerative Diseases

Question 1

The home care nurse is visiting a patient in the late stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Which example indicates that the patient accepts the grief associated with the condition and prognosis?

A) The patient cries about his incapacity.
B) The patient makes jokes about this approaching death.
C) The patient talks with his family about his desires for his funeral.
D) The patient begins to sleep for longer periods of time during the day.

Answer 1

The patient talks with his family about his desires for his funeral.

Question 2

The home health nurse is caring for a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS)who complains of severe fatigue.What activity should the nurse suggest to diminish the effects of fatigue?

A) Relaxing in a warm bath
B) Performing deep-breathing exercises
C) Scheduling rest periods during the day
D) Including daily-dose multivitamins

Answer 2

Scheduling rest periods during the day

Question 3

To enhance more erect posture in the patient with Parkinson disease,the nurse should encourage the patient to practice which activity?

A) Imagine stepping over an object.
B) Sleep in the prone position.
C) Walk with a marching step.
D) Limit exercise to increase joint mobility.

Answer 3

Sleep in the prone position.

Question 4

Which factor(s)is/are most likely a potential cause(s)of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

A) Environmental factors and genetic predisposition
B) Allergic response to antiviral medications
C) Hypersensitivity reaction attacking the myelin
D) Bacterial infection of the myelin

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a patient with Huntington disease.The patient asks if his disease will affect future children.Which reply is most appropriate?

A) "Huntingdon disease does not have a genetic component."
B) "Male children would have Huntington disease and female children would be carriers."
C) "Huntington disease is caused by an autoimmune response."
D) "The genetic nature of the disease means that 50% of your children will inherit it."

Question 6

Which type of multiple sclerosis (MS)is the most common?

A) Secondary progressive
B) Primary progressive
C) Relapsing-remitting
D) Relapsing-progressive

Question 7

Which factors predominantly determine probable diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

A) Blood tests revealing identifiable MS markers
B) Lumbar puncture results revealing inflammatory response
C) Muscle biopsies revealing characteristic lesions
D) Signs and symptoms assessed and reported by the patient

Question 8

The nurse is assessing a patient with Parkinson disease.Which statement likely characterizes this patient's tremors?

A) Tremors occur constantly.
B) Tremors decrease with voluntary movement.
C) Tremors are absent when the body is at rest.
D) Tremors are characterized by tonic/clonic muscle activity.

Question 9

The nurse is caring for a patient with myasthenia gravis.The patient asks the nurse if she can return to her normal job as a data entry specialist.Which symptom would most affect the patient's ability to perform her job?

A) Ptosis
B) Diplopia
C) Dysphagia
D) Aphasia

Question 10

Which problem statement/nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a person with Parkinson disease?

A) Risk for falls related to unsteady gait.
B) Ineffective airway clearance related to drooling.
C) Risk for impaired skin integrity related to tremor.
D) Nutrition: less than body requirements related to nausea.

Question 11

The nurse is assessing a patient with suspected myasthenia gravis.The nurse is aware that which assessment finding supports this diagnosis?

A) Ptosis
B) Hand tremors during voluntary movement
C) Dizziness with sudden head movement
D) Postural hypotension

Question 12

The caregiver of a patient with Parkinson disease is concerned with the patient's recent weight loss.The home health nurse should suggest which modification to help the caregiver enhance the patient's nutrition?

A) Provide six mini-meals throughout the day.
B) Be sure to increase milk and cheese daily in the diet.
C) Limit fluid intake in order to increase the appetite.
D) Prepare larger meals of fibrous foods.

Question 13

The nurse is explaining Parkinson disease to the student nurse.Which statement indicates that the student nurse correctly understands the pathophysiology of the disease?

A) "Regardless of the actual etiology, Parkinson disease is caused by depletion of dopamine and excess of acetylcholine."
B) "The pathophysiology of the disease is caused by the deterioration of the myelin sheath of the basal ganglia."
C) "Excess dopamine and deficient acetylcholine are the cause of Parkinson disease."
D) "When there is decreased dopamine uptake at receptors in brain cells, Parkinson disease results."

Question 14

The nurse is educating the family of a patient in the late stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Which information is most important for the nurse to include?

A) Ability to move the upper limbs may be affected.
B) Cognitive and mental capacities will most likely remain intact throughout the disease progression.
C) Breathing should not be affected by the disease.
D) Ability to swallow will remain intact.

Question 15

Signs and symptoms of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)usually appear within how many days after a viral infection?

A) 2 to 3 days
B) 7 days
C) 10 to 21 days
D) 30 days

Question 16

The nurse is preparing a care plan for a person with late-stage Parkinson disease.The nurse should plan interventions to address which problem(s)?

A) Dysphagia
B) Hallucinations
C) Immobility
D) Insomnia
E) Urinary incontinence

Question 17

The home health nurse assesses the patient with Parkinson disease who just started taking carbidopa-levodopa.The nurse should be alert for which side effect(s)?

A) Urinary retention
B) Pruritis
C) Diaphoresis
D) Orthostatic hypotension
E) Pink urine

Question 18

The nurse is planning care for a patient with Parkinson disease.Which problem statement/nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for the patient experiencing bradykinesia?

A) Risk for falls
B) Impaired swallowing
C) Acute confusion
D) Risk for suicide

Question 19

Which drug therapy is indicated for an acute severe attack of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

A) Intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone
B) Intramuscular injections of interferon beta-1b
C) Massive doses of antibiotics
D) Muscle relaxants and opioids

Question 20

The home health nurse is planning an exercise program for a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS).Which exercise would be most beneficial for this patient?

A) Swimming
B) Progressive walking
C) Weight training
D) Isometric exercises

Question 21

The nurse is caring for a patient with Huntington chorea.Which symptom(s)is/are characteristic manifestation(s)of this disease?

A) Fidgeting
B) Restlessness
C) Constant movement
D) Dementia
E) Difficulty swallowing

Question 22

The nurse outlines nutritional needs for the patient with multiple sclerosis (MS).Which dietary instruction(s)is/are most important for the nurse to emphasize?

A) Maintain fluid intake of at 1500 mL each day.
B) Include intake of high-fiber foods in the diet.
C) Include high intake of carbohydrates.
D) Add supplemental calcium and vitamin D to the diet.
E) Increase intake of high-fat foods.

Question 23

Two viruses that are especially associated with the etiology of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)are ___________ and ___________.

Question 24

The test for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis in which muscle strength is increased within 1 minute of the injection is the __________ test.

Question 25

The nurse is caring for a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).Which area(s)should the care plan address?

A) Assessment of advancing paralysis
B) Provision for ventilation support
C) Maintenance of adequate nutrition
D) Prevention of complications of immobility
E) Assessment of hypertension

Question 26

The student nurse is researching relapsing-progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS).What characteristic(s)is/are typical of this form of the disease?

A) Steadily worsens
B) Partial remissions
C) Clear, acute relapses
D) Temporary minor improvements
E) Long plateau periods

Question 27

The triad of Parkinson disease is __________,__________,and __________.