Deck 12: Child and Preadolescent Nutrition

Question 1

Based on food consumption data from the NHANES III survey,what is the mean dietary fiber intake of males between the ages of 6 and 11 years of age?

A)10.3 g/day
B)13.6 g/day
C)18.2 g/day
D)25.0 g/day
E)35.1 g/day

Answer 1

B

Question 2

If weight loss was needed,what would you recommend for him?

A)A strict calorie-controlled diet
B)Absolutely no sweets or snack foods
C)Attainment of an ideal body weight
D)Changing unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and promoting healthy ones
E)A high-protein diet designed for children

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Use the BMI-for-age chart as a reference for questions 15-18.

SOURCE: Entire chart developed by the National Center for Health Statistics in collaboration with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2000).Only the age range from 2 to 9 years was excerpted for exam.
Plot the BMI you calculated from the previous question on the CDC growth chart above.What is the classification for this child's weight status?

A)Underweight
B)Normal weight
C)Overweight
D)Obese

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Equations for estimating energy requirements are based on:

A)gender,age,height,weight,and physical activity.
B)gender,body mass index,and physical activity.
C)age,height,weight,body mass index,and activity level.
D)age,weight,body mass index,activity level,and food intake.
E)standards developed based on age and gender only.

Question 5

Which of the following would NOT be a health topic covered by the School Health Index (SHI)for Physical Activity,Healthy Eating and a Tobacco-free Lifestyle?

A)Family planning
B)Safety
C)Asthma
D)Physical activity
E)Tobacco use

Question 6

Studies show that children of parents who impose authoritarian methods of control on their eating are:

A)likely to have healthy eating habits.
B)less likely to be responsive to energy density.
C)prone to developing fewer eating-related issues.
D)more able to be self sufficient in the kitchen.
E)developing anorexia nervosa in their teen years.

Question 7

What would be the next recommended course of action for this young boy?

A)Nothing-he is too young to worry about;just check his BMI yearly
B)He should have an in-depth medical assessment to check for secondary complications
C)Weight maintenance or gradual weight loss of no more than 1 pound per week
D)Weight loss of at least 2 pounds per week

Question 8

In 2009,approximately _____ U.S.children did not have health insurance.

A)1.8 million
B)10 million
C)7.5 million
D)25 million

Question 9

Use the BMI-for-age chart as a reference for questions 15-18.

SOURCE: Entire chart developed by the National Center for Health Statistics in collaboration with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2000).Only the age range from 2 to 9 years was excerpted for exam.
The BMI for a boy who is 9 years old,weighs 90 lb (40.9 kg),and is 53 in (134 cm)tall is:

A)22.7.
B)24.3.
C)26.8.
D)28.2.

Question 10

Adequate nutrition,especially eating breakfast,has been associated with:

A)improved academic performance.
B)reduced tardiness and absences from school.
C)an increase in childhood obesity.
D)All of the above
E)a and b only

Question 11

Which of the following would NOT be considered a Healthy People 2020 objective for the Nation?

A)Reduce the proportion of children who are considered obese.
B)Reduce the proportion of persons aged 2 years and older who consume at least two daily servings of fruit.
C)Increase the proportion of school districts that require regularly scheduled elementary school recess.
D)Prevent inappropriate weight gain in children aged 6-11 years.
E)Increase the proportion of schools that do not sell or offer calorically sweetened beverages to students.

Question 12

In order to participate in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP),schools must meet five major requirements.Which of the following would NOT be one of those requirements?

A)Lunches must be based on nutritional standards
B)The programs must be accountable
C)The programs must demonstrate a profit
D)Children who are unable to pay must receive lunches for free or at a reduced price
E)Schools must participate in the commodity program

Question 13

The daily protein requirement for a 12-year-old girl weighing 105 pounds (48 kg)based on the DRIs would be:

A)29g
B)38.4g
C)45.6g
D)48g
E)57.6g

Question 14

Based on the DRIs,the recommended protein intake for boys and girls between the ages of 4 and 13 is _____ body weight/day.

A)0.55 g/kg
B)0.7 g/kg
C)0.8 g/kg
D)0.95 g/kg
E)1 g/kg

Question 15

Preadolescence is generally defined as ages

A)5 to 10 for girls/7 to 9 for boys.
B)7 to 9 for girls/9 to 11 for boys.
C)9 to 11 for girls/10 to 12 for boys.
D)10 to 12 for girls/11 to 13 for boys.
E)11 to 13 for girls/12 to 14 for boys.

Question 16

The developmental stage of "concrete operations" is characterized by:

A)being able to focus on several aspects of a situation at the same time.
B)some degree of cause/effect reasoning ability.
C)being able to classify,reclassify,and generalize.
D)the ability to see another's point of view.
E)All of the above

Question 17

What is the recommended adequate intake of total fiber for children between the ages of 4 and 8?

A)25 g/day
B)29 g/day
C)31 g/day
D)35 g/day

Question 18

Middle childhood refers to children from the ages of

A)5 to 10 years for boys and girls.
B)10 to 12 years for boys and 9 to 11 for girls.
C)9 to 11 years for boys and girls.
D)13 to 16 years for boys and girls.
E)16 to 21 years for boys and girls.

Question 19

A child with a body mass index (BMI)equal to or greater than the 85th percentile,but less than the 95th percentile,is:

A)at a normal weight.
B)at risk of becoming overweight.
C)overweight.
D)obese.

Question 20

The term "_____" is also used to describe both middle childhood and preadolescence.

A)school-age
B)adolescence
C)egocentric
D)late childhood
E)teenage

Question 21

The most significant predictor of childhood obesity has been found to be:

A)low family income.
B)food insecurity.
C)parental obesity.
D)lower cognitive stimulation.
E)use of formula instead of breastfeeding.

Question 22

What elements of the "built environment" can be conducive to a healthy lifestyle?

A)Safe parks for children to play in
B)Bike paths
C)Sidewalks
D)All of the above

Question 23

Approximately _____ of children ages 6 through 11 years of age are obese.

A)7%
B)18%
C)27%
D)36%
E)45%

Question 24

It is recommended that children engage in at least _____ minutes of physical activity every day.

A)30
B)45
C)60
D)90
E)>90

Question 25

Soft drinks in excess are not recommended for school-age children because:

A)they provide empty calories.
B)they promote tooth decay.
C)they are not a good fluid choice for hydration.
D)All of the above
E)a and b only

Question 26

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)advocates for the elimination of sweetened beverages in school and suggests replacing them with all of the following EXCEPT:

A)low-fat chocolate milk.
B)low-fat milk.
C)vegetable juice.
D)100% fruit juice.
E)sports beverages.

Question 27

Children with hyperlipidemias require further dietary restrictions to help lower LDL-cholesterol.This would include all of the following treatment recommendations EXCEPT:

A)restriction of dietary cholesterol to 200 mg/day.
B)increasing soluble fiber.
C)weight management.
D)increasing trans fats as substitutes for saturated fats.
E)encouraging physical activity.

Question 28

According to the DRIs,the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)for fat is _____ of energy for children 4 to 18 years of age.

A)<30%
B)25-35%
C)30-40%
D)40-50%
E)There are no recommendations for fat for this particular age group.

Question 29

Generalities derived from research relating to children's physical activity patterns include all of the following statements EXCEPT:

A)Boys are less active than girls.
B)Physical activity decreases with age.
C)Seasons affect activity levels.
D)Physical education in schools has decreased.
E)Climate may affect activity levels.

Question 30

"BMI rebound" can be defined as:

A)the period in which your weight "rebounds" and settles in at your normal weight.
B)the normal increase in percent body fat which occurs after percent body fat declines and reaches its lowest point.
C)the point at which you have the greatest amount of fat you will ever have,typically between the ages of 8 and 10.
D)the weight you attain by the age of 13 after you have had a growth spurt.
E)the loss of all a child's baby fat,which occurs at about 6 years of age.

Question 31

A dose-response relationship has been detected between the prevalence of obesity and time spent viewing television.For each additional hour of television viewed in the 12- to 17-year-old group,the prevalence of obesity increased by:

A)2%.
B)5%.
C)9%.
D)15%.
E)21%.

Question 32

Health consequences of obesity occur with increased frequency in obese children,and include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)higher concentrations of liver enzymes.
B)osteoporosis.
C)hypertension.
D)hyperlipidemia.
E)abnormal glucose tolerance.

Question 33

What are the proposed mechanisms by which television viewing contributes to obesity?

A)Reduced energy expenditure
B)More commercials advertising appropriate foods
C)Increased intake while watching television
D)All of the above
E)a and c only

Question 34

Who is NOT mentioned in the recommendations for school health programs promoting healthy eating?

A)Parents
B)School teachers
C)School foodservice workers
D)Manufacturers of bottled or canned beverages (fruit juices,pop,sport drinks)

Question 35

Of children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes,what percentage are overweight or obese when diagnosed?

A)25
B)40
C)65
D)85

Question 36

Which of the following foods would be the best choice for a parent trying to increase fiber in her/his child's diet?

A)Protein or energy bar
B)Fresh fruits,vegetables,and whole-grain breads
C)Fresh juice and enriched bread
D)Canned fruits
E)All of the above would be great sources of fiber.

Question 37

According to NHANES III data,children aged _____ have the highest rates of daily television viewing.

A)8 through 10
B)9 through 11
C)11 through 13
D)12 through 14
E)13 through 15

Question 38

Which of the following foods would be MOST likely to promote dental caries?

A)Raisins
B)Apple slices
C)Cheddar cheese
D)Peanut butter
E)Plain yogurt

Question 39

Parents are encouraged to do all of the following in order to increase physical activity in their children,EXCEPT:

A)set a good example by being physically active themselves.
B)encourage children to be physically active at home.
C)plan every vacation around an activity when traveling.
D)limit television watching and video games.
E)join children in physical activities.

Question 40

If a dietitian observed a low serum ferritin value in a school-aged child,which food would be LEAST important for promoting better iron absorption?

A)Meats
B)Milk
C)Fortified breakfast cereals
D)Orange juice

Question 41

Body mass index (BMI)is constant throughout childhood.

Question 42

Using the following information,answer questions 41-45.
Jane is an 8-year-old girl that weighs 56.5 pounds (25.6 kg),is 51 inches tall,and enjoys lots of outdoor activities.Her total caloric intake is 1800 Calories per day consisting of 80 grams of fat,225 grams of carbohydrate,and 45 grams of protein.She likes vegetables and eats lots of fruit;the only food she truly dislikes is milk.
Is this within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)for fat for a child her age?

A)Yes
B)No
C)Cannot be determined from the information provided

Question 43

Potential consequences of a weight-loss program in childhood are slowed linear growth and the beginnings of an eating disorder.

Question 44

Treatment for overweight and obese children should focus on attaining an ideal body weight.

Question 45

_____ in childhood has been identified by research as a predictor of adult overweight.

A)Late BMI rebound
B)Late introduction of solid foods
C)Early BMI rebound
D)Early cognitive stimulation
E)All of the above

Question 46

Fats and proteins may have a protective effect on tooth enamel.

Question 47

Using the following information,answer questions 41-45.
Jane is an 8-year-old girl that weighs 56.5 pounds (25.6 kg),is 51 inches tall,and enjoys lots of outdoor activities.Her total caloric intake is 1800 Calories per day consisting of 80 grams of fat,225 grams of carbohydrate,and 45 grams of protein.She likes vegetables and eats lots of fruit;the only food she truly dislikes is milk.
Jane gets _____% of her energy from fat.

A)20
B)25
C)30
D)35
E)40

Question 48

Using the following information,answer questions 41-45.
Jane is an 8-year-old girl that weighs 56.5 pounds (25.6 kg),is 51 inches tall,and enjoys lots of outdoor activities.Her total caloric intake is 1800 Calories per day consisting of 80 grams of fat,225 grams of carbohydrate,and 45 grams of protein.She likes vegetables and eats lots of fruit;the only food she truly dislikes is milk.
What nutrient would be of most concern considering her dislike of milk?

A)Protein
B)Calcium
C)Vitamin D
D)Iron
E)Fiber

Question 49

Older children are not as responsive to internal controls regarding energy density as younger children.

Question 50

Using the following information,answer questions 41-45.
Jane is an 8-year-old girl that weighs 56.5 pounds (25.6 kg),is 51 inches tall,and enjoys lots of outdoor activities.Her total caloric intake is 1800 Calories per day consisting of 80 grams of fat,225 grams of carbohydrate,and 45 grams of protein.She likes vegetables and eats lots of fruit;the only food she truly dislikes is milk.
Is she eating more,less,or the recommended amount of protein compared to the DRI for a girl her age?

A)More
B)Less
C)Exactly as much as the DRI recommends

Question 51

A measure of diet quality is provided by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI).According to the most recent data,the average HEI score for children ages 7 to 10 was 66.0 out of 100,indicating:

A)they ate enough fruit,but not enough vegetables.
B)their diets needed improvement.
C)about 66% of their calories were coming from fat.
D)66% of these children ate fast food everyday.
E)they were at risk for developing diabetes.

Question 52

Children ages 6 to 12 can safely deprive themselves of water in order to participate in wrestling.

Question 53

Using the following information,answer questions 41-45.
Jane is an 8-year-old girl that weighs 56.5 pounds (25.6 kg),is 51 inches tall,and enjoys lots of outdoor activities.Her total caloric intake is 1800 Calories per day consisting of 80 grams of fat,225 grams of carbohydrate,and 45 grams of protein.She likes vegetables and eats lots of fruit;the only food she truly dislikes is milk.
How many grams of protein per day are recommended for Jane?

A)24 g
B)15 g
C)30 g
D)20 g
E)50 g

Question 54

Mary is in fourth grade and has chosen the following foods for her lunch today: 8 oz.non-fat milk;1 apple;1 2-oz.hamburger patty and bun;1 piece lettuce;1 cup fruit yogurt.Does this meet the minimum requirements for school lunch?

A)Yes
B)No

Question 55

As children age,more time is spent eating family dinner together.