Deck 2: First Things First: Health and Safety Through Observation and Supervision

Question 1

The RIE method of observation refers to the process of turning observation inward.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The word guidance, which can be defined as building a relationship with children and guiding them to make appropriate choices, has begun to replace the word discipline in many childhood settings

Answer 2

True

Question 3

An effective method of stopping unacceptable behavior is using redirection, a form of guidance that empowers children with choices that will lead to more constructive or desired behaviors.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In most European-based cultures, eye contact during communications is a sign of attentiveness, while in most Native American and Asian cultures, eye contact may be a sign of disrespect.

Question 5

Calmly expressing your honest feelings of frustration or anger is more developmentally appropriate than allowing your anger to manage the children who are difficult to control.

Question 6

Allowing children to experience risk in a safe environment helps children learn the value of consequences and important safety skills.

Question 7

In order to help a child learn, sometimes an early childhood professional must set up consequences that respond to a child's unsafe or inappropriate behaviors.

Question 8

NAEYC's Program Standard 9 is concerned with the safety of the physical environment of early childhood education settings.

Question 9

A good child care center sanitation policy is to sanitize bathroom surfaces daily and toys and other surfaces weekly.

Question 10

When diapering an infant, it is necessary for the caregiver to wash her/his hands but not necessarily the infant's hands.

Question 11

Health and safety issues can arise when a child is stressed or frustrated.

Question 12

According to Emmi Pikler, children learn to judge the degree of risk in situations around preschool age.

Question 13

According to the text, the three key elements in keeping children safe are

A) observation and supervision
B) observation, supervision, and guidance
C) redirection and dual focus
D) self-reflection and a safe environment

Question 14

Learning theory suggests that observation plays a role in all but which of the following?

A) analyzing the behaviors of the learner.
B) identifying the rewards that a learner will find reinforcing.
C) making a match between the learner and the rewards and environment to create behavioral change.
D) confirming pre-determined beliefs about a certain child or group of children.

Question 15

Francesca is working on her early childhood education degree. As part of her degree requirements, Francesca will observe a first-grade classroom for three different periods. As an observer, Francesca should do all but which of the following?

A) Assist the teacher by interacting with the children when they respond to Francesca's presence.
B) Make arrangements to observe ahead of time, and check-in with the person in charge when she arrives.
C) Write down what she sees during the observation objectively without trying to determine the children's or teacher's motives.
D) Pay attention to her inner responses and reactions to the observations.

Question 16

According to Magda Gerber, early childhood professionals should approach children with

A) a well-honed set of observation skills.
B) an open heart.
C) an open mind.
D) a dual-focus.

Question 17

In a story reported in the text, a group of researchers observed that newborn boys cried more often than newborn girls for no apparent reason. The researchers did not think about the fact that the boys had recently been circumcised. What does this story demonstrate about the nature of observation?

A) During observation, the observer may have different reactions to different children.
B) Observation is difficult without having dual focus skills.
C) Adults can sometimes learn as much about themselves as they do about the children during observations.
D) Observation is not easy; sometimes even skilled observers miss the obvious.

Question 18

Julia is a student-teacher at Cloud Nine Daycare Center. While the children eat their snacks, her co-worker has to change an infant's diaper. Since her co-worker is gone, Julia moves to the edge of the room in order to keep an eye on things. Now Julia can see what's going on, but has no interaction with the children. Julia's behavior is an example of which type of focus?

A) dual focus
B) narrow focus
C) broad focus
D) self-reflective focus

Question 19

Regarding supervision skills for beginning early childhood professionals, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Early childhood beginners tend to focus their supervision too broadly or too narrowly.
B) Dual focus is best learned by practice in the college classroom, not through experience on the job.
C) The development of dual focus is the secret to effective supervision.
D) Because they mostly work by themselves, family child care professionals tend to become experts at the dual focus technique.

Question 20

Which of the National Association for the Education of Young Children's Program Standards concerns relationships?

A) Program Standard 1
B) Program Standard 5
C) Program Standard 9
D) Program Standard 7

Question 21

What is the most important factor in building cooperation with children and getting them to listen?

A) projecting a professional appearance and attitude
B) getting on their level when communicating and following the "one foot for each year" rule of thumb
C) developing a relationship with the child
D) always smiling and being friendly, avoiding expressing negative emotions

Question 22

Using your anger to control or stop unacceptable behaviors is ineffective because:

A) you are using the child's fear to manipulate his or her behavior
B) it can intensify into a power struggle that may force you to resort to threats or begging
C) the child may follow your lead and use anger when he or she is frustrated with other children
D) all of the above

Question 23

Regarding effective communication with children, all but which of the following are recommended?

A) Always look children in the eye, and make certain that they maintain eye contact with you.
B) Squat down so that you are at eye level with the child.
C) Allow no more than one foot between you and the child for each year of the child's life.
D) Reserve shouting for emergency situations only.

Question 24

As a preschool teacher, you observe two children tugging over the same plastic gardening hoe. Given what you have learned about handling conflict, what is your best response?

A) Tell the children, "If you can't both play with it nicely, then neither one of you gets to play with it." Then take the toy away, and place it out of sight.
B) Get at the children's level, and help them put their feelings into words, while emphasizing that you will not let them hurt each other.
C) Approach the children, and ask who had it first. If they do not tell the truth, ask another nearby child to tell you who had the hoe first.
D) Unless they are physically hurting each other, ignore the situation so that they can figure out how to solve problems without adult intervention.

Question 25

Each of the following preschool teachers is dealing with a three-year-old child who is biting other children on the playground. Which teacher is using the best strategy?

A) Mr. Abdul removes the child from the playground and explains why he is doing so.
B) Ms. Barrington bites the child lightly - so s/he can see what it feels like.
C) Mr. Cravey spanks the child firmly while explaining why biting is wrong.
D) Ms. Dougherty reprimands the child in front of the group and then places him/her in "time out."

Question 26

Sarah Farraday owns a child care center. Sarah would like to help teach her 3-year-old children about proper health and sanitary procedures. Sarah should try all but which of the following?

A) Teach the children skills for proper hand-washing
B) Teach the children how to help clean the center's bathrooms
C) Teach the children rules about not sharing personal items like toothbrushes and food utensils
D) Teach the children about caring for personal possessions

Question 27

Devon Brown runs a preschool class. One student, Arthur, is engaging in an activity that is developmentally inappropriate. Another student, Baxter, is bored with his activity. Clarence is overtired and not having his needs met. Of these students, which one is in a situation that represents a potential safety hazard?

A) Arthur but not Buster and Clarence
B) Buster and Clarence but not Arthur
C) Arthur and Clarence but not Buster
D) Arthur, Buster, and Clarence

Question 28

Four-year-old Moses is throwing wooden blocks. Which of the following is the best example of guidance that redirect Moses towards more constructive activities without robbing him of his control?

A) Tell him that throwing wooden blocks can hurt others because they're hard, and give him a choice between a foam ball or another soft object to throw instead
B) Reprimand him about the dangers of throwing hard objects and give him a timeout
C) Move him from the block area to another activity center
D) Tell him that it needs to throw something then he should throw a ball instead

Question 29

Who is associated with Resources for Infant Educators (RIE)?

A) J. Ronald Lally
B) Magda Gerber
C) Virginia Young
D) Emmi Pikler

Question 30

Which NAEYC program standard requires that programs promote health and protect children from illness and injury?

A) Program Standard 5
B) Program Standard 9
C) Program Standard 2
D) Program Standard 1

Question 31

Four early childhood education students have documented their observation of children in a 2-year-old preschool program. Which of the following student observations best follows the guidelines presented in the textbook?

A) "Guillermo picks up a toy and throws it at Rodney."
B) "Guillermo, obviously frustrated with Rodney, picks up a toy and throws it at Rodney."
C) "Rodney aggravates Guillermo, and Guillermo throws a toy at him."
D) "Guillermo picks up a toy and throws it at Rodney. Guillermo's tendency toward violence has been previously noted."

Question 32

Why is observation considered such an important skill for the early childhood education professional?

Question 33

List five strategies for communicating effectively with children.

Question 34

Describe the elements of a safe early childhood environment.