Deck 13: Child and Preadolescent Nutrition: Conditions and Interventions

Question 1

If a child's condition is known to change the rate of weight or height gain,which of the following signs would indicate a need for attention?

A)A plateau in weight
B)A pattern of gain and then weight loss
C)Not regaining weight after an illness
D)A pattern of unexplained and unintentional weight loss
E)All of the above

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Spinal muscular atrophy is a condition in which _____.

A)muscle control declines as a result of nerve loss,causing death in childhood
B)hypertrophy of cerebral spinal cells occurs
C)hyperplasia of brain cells occurs
D)vertebral bones in the back show a side-to-side curve

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Chronic conditions without specialty growth charts include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)cystic fibrosis.
B)spina bifida.
C)Down syndrome.
D)diabetes.
E)Rett syndrome.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the appropriate response for parents of a child with cystic fibrosis who has recurrent illnesses?

A)Coerce the child into eating nutrient-dense foods
B)Offer foods the child wishes to eat
C)Change texture of foods even if the child can tolerate regular textures
D)Offer all foods in liquid form to increase energy intake

Question 5

Examples of conditions that INCREASE protein needs include:

A)wound healing.
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)PKU.
D)All of the above
E)a and b only

Question 6

Energy and protein needs for children with cystic fibrosis are _____ those of healthy children.

A)less than
B)the same as
C)two to four times greater than
D)greater than four times

Question 7

Vitamins and minerals with added carbohydrates are NOT allowed on what type of diet?

A)Diabetic diet
B)Ketogenic diet
C)PKU diet
D)Cystic fibrosis diet
E)All of the above

Question 8

Nutrition interventions appropriate for all children with cystic fibrosis include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)monitoring growth.
B)assessing dietary intake.
C)gastrostomy feedings at night.
D)increasing protein and calories.
E)including pancreatic enzymes with meals and snacks.

Question 9

Fat-soluble vitamin supplements are recommended for children with _____ due to poor intestinal absorption of these nutrients.

A)diabetes
B)seizures
C)PKU
D)cystic fibrosis
E)all of the above

Question 10

Galactosemia may impact a child's intake of:

A)calcium.
B)vitamin C.
C)vitamin E.
D)vitamin B₁₂.
E)iron.

Question 11

Children with special health care needs have a wide range of nutritional needs and more variability than other children based on all the following factors EXCEPT:

A)additional protein is needed with high protein losses.
B)high fluid volume is needed with frequent losses from diarrhea or vomiting.
C)routine illness is less likely to result in hospitalization or resurgence of symptoms.
D)extra fiber may be needed for chronic constipation.
E)low caloric intake may be appropriate with small muscle size.

Question 12

For questions 10 and 11,please use the growth chart above,which depicts the weight-for-age percentiles for Rebecca.
What do Rebecca's two weight plots at six years (38.5 lbs)and at seven years (44 lbs)indicate?

A)She is extremely underweight.
B)The nutrition goals outlining calorie intake are adequate to meet her needs.
C)She needs to build more protein stores.
D)She experienced a normal growth spurt described as adiposity rebound.
E)b and d

Question 13

Protein needs for children with special health care needs are _____ those for other children.

A)less than
B)the same as
C)greater than
D)Variable,depending on the chronic health care condition.

Question 14

The incidence of cystic fibrosis is highest among:

A)Hispanics.
B)African Americans.
C)Caucasians.
D)Native Americans.
E)Pacific Islanders.

Question 15

Many families experience difficulties when their child requires nutritional supplementation with a gastrostomy due to all of the following EXCEPT:

A)eating is such an important aspect of parenting.
B)the financial costs of formulas.
C)lack of insurance coverage.
D)All of the above would be difficulties for families.

Question 16

Children with _____ would always be interpreted as overweight on standard growth charts because they have altered muscle size and/or short statures.

A)diabetes and PKU
B)juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and Down syndrome
C)spina bifida and cystic fibrosis
D)Down syndrome and spina bifida

Question 17

Children with chronic conditions may have more difficulty meeting the DRI for vitamins and minerals as a result of:

A)feeding difficulties.
B)prescribed medications and their side effects.
C)dietary restrictions.
D)refusing foods.
E)All of the above

Question 18

For questions 10 and 11,please use the growth chart above,which depicts the weight-for-age percentiles for Rebecca.
The black circles plotted on the CDC growth chart above report weight changes for Rebecca,a 9 -year-old female with cerebral palsy.She had multiple bronchitis/pneumonia episodes during the past 1 years.What information can be interpreted from the growth chart?

A)She was unable to increase energy intake to compensate for the increases in expenditure caused by her illnesses.
B)She grew taller instead of gaining weight.
C)Her appetite was decreased throughout her illnesses.
D)Her cerebral palsy is getting worse.

Question 19

Factors that determine energy needs in children with special health care needs are _____.

A)body composition,physical activity,and oxygen consumption
B)energy needs at rest,frequency of illnesses,and physical activity
C)energy needs at rest,water consumption,and physical activity
D)sleep needs,oxygen consumption,and energy needed for growth

Question 20

What percentage of children with developmental delays have feeding problems?

A)30%
B)50%
C)70%
D)85%

Question 21

All of the following foods are found in a diet for children with phenylketonuria EXCEPT _____.

A)milk
B)fruit cocktail in heavy syrup
C)french fries
D)high-sugar candy such as Skittles or candy canes

Question 22

_____ has been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of seizures in children.

A)A gluten-free diet
B)A low-carbohydrate,high-fat diet
C)A low-protein,high-carbohydrate diet
D)A dairy-free diet
E)A very-low-fat diet

Question 23

The mother of a child with cerebral palsy bought vitamin and mineral supplements containing two times the recommended amounts for healthy children after hearing that her child's growth was slowed but going well.What is important information for her to learn?

A)Slowed growth is common in children with cerebral palsy.
B)There are no specific vitamins or minerals known to correct cerebral palsy.
C)Excess vitamins and minerals can be harmful to other organs not affected by cerebral palsy.
D)Hope for a cure is not wrong and her child is a "child first," which means he/she has growing opportunities similar to those of other children.
E)All of the above

Question 24

Athetosis is defined as _____.

A)unexpected growth on the CDC growth chart
B)uncontrolled movements of the large muscle groups due to central nervous system damage
C)inability to breakdown glucose in the body
D)a time of altered consciousness after a seizure

Question 25

Type 1 diabetes is related to immune function and results in virtually _____.

A)no immune system regulation
B)no colds for the first few years of the disease
C)no ability to process all macronutrients
D)no regulation of appetite
E)no insulin production

Question 26

Which nutrient is extremely limited in ketogenic diets?

A)Fat
B)Carbohydrate
C)Protein
D)Iron

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a secondary effect of cerebral palsy?

A)Dehydration
B)Constipation
C)Contractures
D)Gastroesophageal reflux

Question 28

What is the importance of taking pancreatic enzymes when a child has cystic fibrosis?

A)These enzymes help digest foods and when they are missing,food is malabsorbed.
B)Pancreatic enzymes also supply the fat-soluble vitamins,which are necessary for normal growth.
C)It is not necessary to take pancreatic enzymes with cystic fibrosis;you need to take nutritional supplements,however.
D)Without these enzymes,inflammation occurs.
E)These enzymes help with calcium absorption.

Question 29

Which of the following foods would be the best breakfast choice for a child on a ketogenic diet?

A)A bowl of frosted Mini-Wheats,milk,and orange juice
B)Homemade oatmeal with milk,raisins,and brown sugar
C)Scrambled eggs with bacon and cheese
D)Toast and jelly with a glass of grape juice
E)A doughnut with a glass of chocolate milk

Question 30

Phenylketonuria is an inherited condition _____.

A)caused by a deficiency of an enzyme that metabolizes phenylalanine
B)caused by a defective pancreas
C)diagnosed by measuring ketones in urine
D)requiring enzyme capsules to aid digestion
E)of muscle coordination problems affecting the gastrointestinal tract

Question 31

Children with phenylketonuria have to replace approximately 80% of _____ intake from foods with a mixture of _____ from which phenylalanine has been removed.

A)energy,hydrolyzed macronutrients
B)carbohydrate,sugars
C)fat,fatty acids
D)protein,amino acids

Question 32

Children with cerebral palsy often have constipation because:

A)they do not eat well and likely do not get enough fiber.
B)their fluid intakes must be restricted.
C)their medications are binding.
D)muscle coordination problems affect the gastrointestinal tract.
E)they are bedbound and cannot ambulate.

Question 33

Which of the following would be important information to provide to parents of a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

A)Avoiding sugary foods and television will decrease the child's potential for over-stimulation.
B)Giving daily multivitamins helps with nutritional deficiencies and increases attention span in many children.
C)The best approach to changing behaviors is to use a permissive style of parenting.
D)Less interference with appetite and growth is likely if the child does not take medications during school holidays.
E)All of the above

Question 34

Nutritional consequences of spastic quadriplegia include:

A)rapid weight gain.
B)predictable 2-fold increases in energy needs.
C)changes in body composition.
D)extreme vitamin and mineral deficiencies.

Question 35

Which of the following WOULD be allowed on a diet for PKU?

A)Low-protein corn bread
B)Low-carbohydrate corn bread
C)Low-fat cornbread
D)Egg white omelets
E)Soybeans or soy products

Question 36

Treatment for diabetes includes regulating:

A)the timing of meals.
B)the composition of meals.
C)the amount of exercise.
D)insulin or oral medications.
E)All of the above

Question 37

Nutritional concerns in ADHD include:

A)medication side effects that decrease appetite.
B)maintaining growth while still being medicated.
C)mealtime behavior.
D)All of the above
E)a and b only

Question 38

It is estimated that _____ of school-age children have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

A)1 to 3%
B)3 to 5%
C)5 to 8%
D)8 to 10%
E)11 to 15%

Question 39

Which of the following statements about the 504 Accommodation and IDEA is FALSE?

A)A child with a peanut allergy CANNOT be served any birthday treats at school.
B)The child's dietary requirements have to be met for classroom birthday parties.
C)Adding a snack into a diet plan for a child with diabetes attending school can be written into a 504 plan.
D)Nutritional supplements may be purchased as part of an educational intervention called for in the child's IEP.

Question 40

A psychostimulant is a medication given to children with _____.

A)seizures
B)attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
C)phenylketonuria
D)type 1 diabetes

Question 41

Children with type 2 diabetes are more likely to have both high and low blood sugars.

Question 42

Early onset of a disease is less likely to impact growth than later onset in conditions such as seizures.

Question 43

It is appropriate to expect children with special health care needs to become more independent in making food choices.

Question 44

Nutritional claims about herbal remedies for chronic illnesses are ALWAYS supported by scientific evidence.

Question 45

Scoliosis is a secondary condition that can interfere with accurate measurement of height.

Question 46

Type 2 diabetes is more common in very young children than type 1 diabetes.

Question 47

Children with cystic fibrosis cannot live active,fulfilling lives.

Question 48

The CDC 2000 Growth Charts are a good place to start to assess growth of children with special health care needs.

Question 49

A child with PKU will only have to follow a special diet until adolescence,after which she or he will be able to consume a "normal" diet.

Question 50

Nutrition,eating,and feeding problems can be addressed in an Individualized Education Plan and nutrition supplements may be purchased by the school if it is part of the education intervention.

Question 51

Nutritional supplements provided through gastrostomy feedings must be paid for by school lunch programs.

Question 52

Type 1 diabetes requires that families and children master a carbohydrate counting system.