Deck 12: Prevention and Health Promotion

Question 1

An example of primary prevention is:

A) brushing your teeth
B) getting a mammogram
C) eating well to reduce your diabetes symptoms
D) getting a flu shot
E) more than one of the above

Answer 1

brushing your teeth

Question 2

An example of secondary prevention is:

A) getting a flu shot
B) getting a colonoscopy
C) quitting smoking after a stroke
D) eating well to prevent diabetes
E) more than one of the above

Answer 2

getting a colonoscopy

Question 3

An example of tertiary prevention is:

A) conducting flexibility exercises to help with arthritis
B) washing your hands
C) whole body scan
D) getting a prostate exam
E) more than one of the above

Answer 3

conducting flexibility exercises to help with arthritis

Question 4

How might you best describe the Healthy People Initiative?

A) it is based on scientific knowledge and put into law by state governments
B) establish priorities and set goals to improve the health of Americans
C) it was written in 1979 and the goals and objectives were so appropriate that we still use them today
D) it provides specific health objectives for the very young and the very old
E) it is a roadmap to help healthy individuals maintain their good health.

Question 5

Why might some screenings not be recommended for every person?

A) they may have too many false positive results
B) the individual may be at low risk for the disease
C) some screenings don't improve the quality of life or allow for early treatment
D) all of the above
E) b and c

Question 6

Which of the following are considered screening?

A) patient history
B) taking weight and height measurements
C) checking insulin level of a diabetic
D) all of the above
E) a and b

Question 7

How often should women over 50 get a mammogram?

A) yearly
B) every three years
C) every five years
D) every six years
E) depends on her risk factors

Question 8

When should people discontinue screening for colorectal cancer?

A) 65
B) 70
C) 75
D) 85
E) never

Question 9

What must the physician do before screening for prostate cancer?

A) determine that the patient has at least 10 more years of life
B) discuss the pros and cons of the screening with the patient
C) determine if the cancer is slow-growing
D) a and b
E) all of the above

Question 10

How often should elder women get screened for osteoporosis?

A) yearly
B) every five years
C) only if symptoms are visible
D) depends on risk factors
E) never as the current tests are not effective

Question 11

To help prevent falls, a physician should:

A) recommend exercise and balance training
B) reduce environmental hazards
C) review medications
D) a and c
E) all of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding Healthy People 2010?

A) a ten year target to improve the health of Americans
B) goal is to increase the length and quality of healthy life
C) goal is to eliminate health disparities among ethnic/racial groups
D) all of above are true
E) a and c only

Question 13

Which of the following is false regarding the flu shot?

A) one vaccination is good for a lifetime
B) all people over 50 are advised to be vaccinated
C) Medicare covers the cost of the vaccine
D) the vaccine is more effective among healthy elders
E) more than one of the above is false

Question 14

Which of the following is false regarding the pneumonia vaccine?

A) the vaccination is good for about five years.
B) the vaccine works for both viral and bacterial pneumonia
C) advised that people 65 and older be vaccinated
D) more than one is false
E) all of above are true

Question 15

Which of the following characteristics do NOT need to be met before screening is recommended on a wide scale:

A) test must be inexpensive
B) test must be able to detect illness before any signs or symptoms are evident to patient or medical provider.
C) test must be accurate with a minimum of false positives or negatives
D) screening should improve the health of the patient
E) more than one of above does not need to be met

Question 16

Which of the following is a screening test?

A) vision chart
B) bathroom scale
C) alcohol questionnaire
D) mammogram
E) more than one of above

Question 17

Which of the following are screening tests for prostate cancer?

A) PSA blood test
B) colonoscopy
C) digital rectal exam
D) all are screening tests for prostate cancer
E) a and c

Question 18

This test involves placing electrodes on the skin and measuring the electrical activity of the heart.

A) electroshock therapy
B) angiogram
C) echocardiogram
D) defibrillator
E) electrocardiogram

Question 19

Most professional groups assert that blood pressure should be measured

A) every one to two years
B) every five years
C) every office visit, even if not at risk
D) if not at risk, once every 10 years
E) no recommendations have come forward

Question 20

What is the most important health behavior contributing to premature death and disability in the United States?

A) lack of exercise
B) obesity
C) alcoholism
D) cigarette smoking
E) all are equal in their effect on death and disability

Question 21

"What problem?"

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) action
E) maintenance

Question 22

"There's a problem, but I can't fix it now."

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) action
E) maintenance

Question 23

"I should start eating better."

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) action
E) maintenance

Question 24

"I am exercising three times a week."

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) action
E) maintenance

Question 25

"I tried to quit before, I will try again on January 1st."

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) action
E) maintenance

Question 26

"I am making changes now."

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) action
E) maintenance

Question 27

"I have lost ten pounds and have ten more to lose."

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) action
E) maintenance

Question 28

"I do not go to the store with an empty stomach because I buy junk food."

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) action
E) maintenance

Question 29

"One of my top priorities in the day is to go to my aerobics class."

A) pre-contemplation
B) preparation
C) contemplation
D) action
E) maintenance

Question 30

The Surgeon General's warning on cigarette packages.

A) primary prevention
B) secondary prevention
C) tertiary prevention
D) health promotion

Question 31

Taking an aspirin daily to prevent heart disease.

A) primary prevention
B) secondary prevention
C) tertiary prevention
D) health promotion

Question 32

Regular mammography screening.

A) primary prevention
B) secondary prevention
C) tertiary prevention
D) health promotion

Question 33

Tight control of blood sugar in a diabetic.

A) primary prevention
B) secondary prevention
C) tertiary prevention
D) health promotion

Question 34

Providing a pamphlet on smoking cessation.

A) primary prevention
B) secondary prevention
C) tertiary prevention
D) health promotion

Question 35

At least one of five deaths in the U.S. is linked to smoking cigarettes.

Question 36

The rectal examination is a screening test for cancer of the prostate.

Question 37

If a disease is more deadly, screening should start early in life.

Question 38

People with a terminal illness are generally not recommended to undergo screening tests.

Question 39

The Snellen vision tests measures pressure in the eye.

Question 40

Because of increased risk with advancing age, tetanus boosters are indicated every five years.

Question 41

A new combination of serum is developed every year for the influenza vaccine.

Question 42

After smoking for more than 10 years, the damage to the body is irreversible.

Question 43

Prevention saves money.

Question 44

Breast cancer risk increases until age 60, then declines after that.

Question 45

Whole body scans save money in the long run as one scan replaces several screening tests.

Question 46

It has been scientifically proven that breast self-examinations save lives.

Question 47

There is no conclusive data that show that patients change their behaviors when physicians counsel their patients to exercise.

Question 48

Most individuals contracting tetanus are over age 50.

Question 49

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that all adults take a baby aspirin daily to reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke.

Question 50

The flu vaccine is 100 percent effective, but only for one year.

Question 51

The pneumonia vaccine is recommended at age 65 for healthy elders and is good for five years.

Question 52

According to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, men 35 and older and women 45 and older should be screened for high cholesterol.

Question 53

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends routine screening of women for osteoporosis starting at menopause.

Question 54

Many people with excess pressure within the eye never develop glaucoma and there is no clear evidence that the treatment prevents blindness.

Question 55

Because of the high incidence of hearing loss among elders, experts recommend that their hearing be tested every two years.

Question 56

Whenever a preventive service is advocated for Medicare to cover, it must be authorized by Congress.

Question 57

Screening services that are reimbursable under Medicare are those that are recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task force.

Question 58

About 90 percent of older people receive the screening services reimbursed by Medicare.

Question 59

Lifestyle has a greater impact on the cause and severity of chronic disease and auto accidents than any other factor.

Question 60

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force does not recommend that physicians provide counseling and education about exercise or diet to their patients.

Question 61

In every state, physicians are required to report to the state Department of Motor Vehicles individuals who are unable to drive safely.

Question 62

Despite its popularity, there is insufficient scientific evidence on the effectiveness of breast self-examinations.

Question 63

What types of studies can show which screening tests are worthwhile?

Question 64

Describe the recommended immunization schedule for tetanus, influenza, and pneumonia.

Question 65

Describe the recommended screening schedule for mammograms.

Question 66

Describe the types of screening available for colon cancer.

Question 67

List the overarching goals of Healthy People 2010.

Question 68

List the advantages and disadvantages of screening activities at health fairs for elders.

Question 69

What is the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and what does it do?

Question 70

List at least five laws that have resulted in the improvement of the public's health.

Question 71

Discuss the reasons why screening recommendations of different professional groups may differ.

Question 72

What groups are recommended to start daily aspirin therapy? What are the risks?

Question 73

Compare and contrast a colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy.

Question 74

What are community screening programs? Give an example. What are their advantages and disadvantages?

Question 75

List five activities that physicians should do during office visits to reduce smoking among their patients.

Question 76

List 10 laws that protect the public's health.

Question 77

Compare and contrast the influenza vaccine and the pneumonoccal pneumonia vaccine.

Question 78

Discuss the criteria that must be fulfilled before screening to detect an illness is recommended on a wide-scale.

Question 79

Discuss the range of activities that may encompass health promotion.

Question 80

Define the five stages of behavioral change and, using one particular behavior, discuss how professionals use the model.