Deck 3: The Body and Its Age Changes

Question 1

The requirements for a physical change to be considered the consequence of aging are:

A) the decline is universal, intrinsic, progressive, irreversible and deleterious
B) the decline is universal, intrinsic, complete, standard and irreversible
C) the decline is normal, empirical, complete, progressive
D) the decline is universal, deleterious, extrinsic, normal, and inevitable
E) the decline is universal and intrinsic

Answer 1

the decline is universal, intrinsic, progressive, irreversible and deleterious

Question 2

Which of the following is/are age-changes of the urinary system?

A) smaller bladder capacity
B) kidney gradually becomes less efficient at filtering the blood
C) kidney gradually produces more urine at night
D) all of the above
E) a and c

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT considered an age-associated change in the integument?

A) number of active sweat ducts decline
B) decreased elasticity of collagen
C) increased subcutaneous fat
D) reduced blood circulation to the skin
E) uneven melanin production

Answer 3

increased subcutaneous fat

Question 4

Although age-associated changes in the respiratory system are highly variable, the following is NOT thought to be caused by aging:

A) decreased oxygen uptake by the blood
B) increased breathing rate
C) decreased elasticity of lung tissue
D) decrease in vital capacity
E) b and d

Question 5

Which of the following statements concerning the digestive system is false?

A) age-associated changes can result in poor digestion and constipation
B) elders often have reduced secretion of gastric juices
C) tooth loss is a common problem
D) there is such a rapid turnover of cells that few changes are noticeable
E) all of the above are true

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an age-associated change in the cardiovascular system?

A) decreased maximum heart rate
B) decreased maximum oxygen consumption
C) decreased maximum exercise performance
D) increased maximum heart rate
E) both b and d

Question 7

Which of the following is an age-associated change in women?

A) ovaries decrease in size
B) decreased production of estrogen
C) increase in vaginal acidity
D) all of the above
E) a and b

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an age-associated change of the ear?

A) a gradual inability to hear high-pitched sounds
B) bones break in the middle ear
C) ear wax accumulates
D) all of the above are due to age
E) b and c

Question 9

Which of the following are age-associated changes of the eye?

A) inability of eye to focus on distant objects
B) decreased speed of adaptation to darkness
C) clouding and yellowing of the lens
D) all of the above
E) b and c

Question 10

If you have presbyopia, which organ would be affected?

A) ears
B) skin
C) intestines
D) nose
E) none of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an age-associated change in the nervous system?

A) crystallized intelligence declines
B) neurons accumulate lipofuscin
C) decline of memory and speed of processing information
D) reduction of blood flow to the brain
E) all of the above occur with advanced age

Question 12

Which of the following age changes does NOT occur in the genital system in women?

A) ovaries shrink
B) uterus shrinks
C) reduced estrogen production
D) thinning vaginal walls
E) reduction of clitoral sensation

Question 13

Which of the following is a symptom of a cataract?

A) tissue growing over the eye
B) cloudy and yellowed lens
C) dimmed vision
D) all of the above
E) b and c

Question 14

The greatest cause of presbycusis is:

A) age itself
B) vitamin deficiency
C) depression
D) arthritis of the bones of the middle ear
E) chronic high noise level

Question 15

Which type of research study is considered the gold standard (best)?

A) cross-sectional
B) randomized
C) blinded series
D) randomized double blind
E) systematic double blind

Question 16

With age, hair thins in the scalp and coarsens in the ears, nostrils and eyebrows, especially in males.

Question 17

Except for some losses in mass with age, the bones are constant in size and composition.

Question 18

Muscle strength and mass cannot be regained after age 70.

Question 19

Strength and thickness of bone is related to the degree of physical activity.

Question 20

Reduction in brain size in older people causes reduced memory and learning capacity.

Question 21

A clinical trial is also called a controlled trial.

Question 22

Maximum heart rate increases with advancing age.

Question 23

With age, the woman is physiologically less able to have orgasms.

Question 24

Sun is more responsible for skin wrinkling than the aging process.

Question 25

About half the male population can expect some degree of baldness.

Question 26

Age-associated decrements in the cardiac and respiratory systems are severe enough to affect an individual's ability to carry out daily activities.

Question 27

With age, the kidney becomes less efficient.

Question 28

No physiological change due to age causes significant problems in an older person's daily life.

Question 29

No product has been proven to grow hair.

Question 30

Reduced muscle mass is related to a reduced metabolic rate.

Question 31

Humans have a more developed sense of smell than most other mammals.

Question 32

Reduced brain size in older people causes reduced memory and learning capacity.

Question 33

The most significant physiological age-changes occur in the digestive system.

Question 34

Half the population 85 years and older have a hearing loss.

Question 35

The vertigo and unsteadiness that elders commonly experience is attributed to an age-related reduction in the amount of fluid in the semi-circular canals.

Question 36

Older people commonly have a significant reduction in insulin production.

Question 37

Because the thymus gland shrinks after adolescence, the production of thymosin decreases steadily.

Question 38

An enlarged prostate is the main cause of impotence in elder males.

Question 39

Testosterone production significantly decreases with age in most men.

Question 40

Most elders with cataracts have significant vision loss and need to undergo surgery.

Question 41

Sarcopenia refers to the reduction of immune function that occurs with age.

Question 42

Describe a cross-sectional study and two drawbacks to the research approach to the study of aging.

Question 43

What is the "gold standard" for research types? Briefly describe the approach.

Question 44

Why should health care professionals study body changes with age?

Question 45

Discuss how inactivity influences the rate of aging of the musculoskeletal system.

Question 46

Briefly describe changes in joints with age and their consequences.

Question 47

Discuss the effect of hearing loss upon an individual and family members.

Question 48

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of hearing aids.

Question 49

Discuss why it is important for those working with older people to be knowledgeable of the physiological aging process.

Question 50

List and describe the three types of hearing loss.

Question 51

Distinguish between an otologist, otolaryngologist, audiologist, and hearing aid dispenser.

Question 52

Distinguish between UVA light and UVB light. List are the dangers of each and ways we can protect ourselves

Question 53

Choose one body system described in this chapter and discuss its function, its age-associated changes, and its effect on daily living.

Question 54

Discuss the difficulties in isolating physiological changes associated with age from social, personal or environmental influences. Use examples.

Question 55

What changes are commonly assumed to occur with age by most of your peers? Rebut the false assumptions with information presented in the chapter.

Question 56

Name the five requirements necessary for a decrement to be considered a result of aging.

Question 57

Discuss some difficulties in distinguishing whether physiological changes are due to aging, inactivity, or disease using examples.

Question 58

Discuss the variables that may affect the rate of physiological aging within an individual.

Question 59

What are the dangers in overemphasizing physiological changes due to the aging process, both to elders and society as a whole?

Question 60

Compare and contrast cross-sectional and longitudinal studies and their usefulness in studying age-associated changes.

Question 61

Discuss the impact of vision and hearing losses on elders' functioning and quality of life and ways to modify the environment to minimize their effects.

Question 62

List ten tips to assist in communicating with the hearing-impaired individual. Discuss the types of assistive devices for that group. Discuss two surgical procedures to reduce the extent of hearing loss.

Question 63

Choose the word that best matches the following statements. A word may only be used once.

-People have a 50-50 chance of being chosen by the researcher for the experimental or control group

A) Cohort effect
B) Double blind trial
C) Blind trial
D) Longitudinal
E) Randomized trial
F) Cross sectiona
G) Clinical trials

Question 64

Choose the word that best matches the following statements. A word may only be used once.

-Several measurements are taken on the same group over an extended period of time

A) Cohort effect
B) Double blind trial
C) Blind trial
D) Longitudinal
E) Randomized trial
F) Cross sectiona
G) Clinical trials

Question 65

Choose the word that best matches the following statements. A word may only be used once.

-Each generation of people may be different in some way from generations coming before or after

A) Cohort effect
B) Double blind trial
C) Blind trial
D) Longitudinal
E) Randomized trial
F) Cross sectiona
G) Clinical trials

Question 66

Choose the word that best matches the following statements. A word may only be used once.

-The individual in a study does not know whether or not he/ she is getting the treatment

A) Cohort effect
B) Double blind trial
C) Blind trial
D) Longitudinal
E) Randomized trial
F) Cross sectiona
G) Clinical trials

Question 67

Choose the word that best matches the following statements. A word may only be used once.

-Researchers gather a sample of individuals from different age groups

A) Cohort effect
B) Double blind trial
C) Blind trial
D) Longitudinal
E) Randomized trial
F) Cross sectiona
G) Clinical trials

Question 68

Choose the word that best matches the following statements. A word may only be used once.

-Neither the researcher nor the individual in the study knows if he/she is getting the treatment or not

A) Cohort effect
B) Double blind trial
C) Blind trial
D) Longitudinal
E) Randomized trial
F) Cross sectiona
G) Clinical trials

Question 69

Choose the word that best matches the following statements. A word may only be used once.

-Change some aspect of behavior in a group and monitor what happens

A) Cohort effect
B) Double blind trial
C) Blind trial
D) Longitudinal
E) Randomized trial
F) Cross sectiona
G) Clinical trials