Deck 23: Revolutions in the Transatlantic World

Question 1

The consequences of the age of transatlantic revolutions (1776-1824) included all of the following except (Global Perspective, pp. 562-563)

A) the emergence of nationalism as a political force.
B) increased restrictions on trade in the name of national interest.
C) the abolition of slavery for religious and humanitarian reasons.
D) revolutions in the Caribbean, South America, and Continental Europe.

Answer 1

increased restrictions on trade in the name of national interest.

Question 2

The Stamp Act of 1765

A) was repealed in 1766.
B) raised revenue that would be spent in the colonies.
C) was opposed by Americans.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Answer 2

All of these answers are correct.

Question 3

The Jacobins were

A) opponents of the Girondists.
B) antifeminist sans-culottes.
C) supporters of the monarchy.
D) a radical political party that voted to go to war with Austria.

Answer 3

a radical political party that voted to go to war with Austria.

Question 4

Louis XVI

A) was beheaded in 1793.
B) escaped to Austria.
C) supported the sans-culottes.
D) eventually regained power during the Restoration.

Question 5

The Cult of the Supreme Being was established by

A) Louis XVI.
B) Olympe de Gouges.
C) Robespierre.
D) Claire Lacomb.

Question 6

Haiti won independence from France in a revolution led by

A) Toussaint L'Ouverture.
B) Jacques Levant.
C) Simón Bolívar.
D) José de San Martín.

Question 7

The liberation of Peru was achieved by the armies of

A) Simón Bolívar.
B) José de San Martín.
C) Bernardo O'Higgins.
D) Toussaint L'Ouverture.

Question 8

The leader of Chile at its independence was

A) José de San Martín.
B) Bernardo O'Higgins.
C) Simón Bolívar.
D) Che Guevara.

Question 9

According to Simón Bolívar (Document, pp. 580-581), all of the following were sources of Creole discontent with Spain except

A) restrictions on trade and industry.
B) restrictions on office-holding.
C) restrictions on slavery.
D) restrictions on social mobility.

Question 10

The last Atlantic-based country to abolish slavery was
A the Netherlands. c. Cuba.

A) the Netherlands.
B) the United States.
C) Cuba
D) Brazil.

Question 11

People of European ancestry born in the New World were called

A) peninsulares.
B) opportunists.
C) Creoles.
D) philosophes.

Question 12

The liberation of Venezuela and Peru was achieved by the armies of

A) Simón Bolívar.
B) José de San Martín.
C) Bernardo O'Higgins.
D) Toussaint L'Ouverture.

Question 13

How did the revolutions that occurred across the transatlantic world between 1776 and 1824 transform Western societies?
Conceptual

Question 14

In what ways were these revolutions all interconnected? What do these interconnections reveal about the Atlantic world during this era?
Conceptual

Question 15

What were the reasons for the American resistance to the British during the 1760s and 1770s? At what point and for what reason(s) did this resistance transform into a revolutionary movement?
Conceptual

Question 16

Discuss the American Revolution as a European movement. To what extent were the colonists influenced by European ideas and political developments? To what extent did the colonists' actions in turn influence Europe?
Conceptual

Question 17

What were the weaknesses of the French monarchy? How did France's economic situation affect the revolution? How did subsequent governments try to address French economic problems? Which was the most successful?
Conceptual

Question 18

What were the events that led to the initial revolutionary movement in France in 1789? Who were the primary instigators of that initial movement?
Conceptual

Question 19

What were the primary ideas of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? How and to what extent did the National Constituent Assembly implement those ideas in France between 1789 and 1792?
Conceptual

Question 20

Who were the sans-culottes and how did they become a factor in the politics of the period? How influential were they during the radical revolution in particular?
Conceptual

Question 21

Who were the Jacobins? What divisions appeared within this group during the course of the revolution? What happened to them in the end and why?
Conceptual

Question 22

Discuss the role of the king in the French Revolution. What were some of the ways in which Louis XVI caused his own demise?
Conceptual

Question 23

In what ways did the age of transatlantic revolutions contribute to the growth of nationalism? What effect did nationalism have on the outcomes of the revolutions? Do you think that nationalism had a positive effect on European political history? Why or why not?
Conceptual

Question 24

The revolutions of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries can be seen as examples of Europeans trying to apply the philosophical ideals of the Enlightenment to actual institutions of European government, society, and economy. How faithful were these applications to the original ideals? What problems did they encounter in trying to apply these ideals to a real world that was less than ideal?
Conceptual

Question 25

How important were San Martín, Bolívar, and other military leaders to the Latin American independence movements in the 1820s? Did the successes of "strongmen" in the liberation of Latin American countries at this time limit democracy in this region in subsequent years?
Conceptual

Question 26

How and why was the transatlantic slave trade abolished in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? Discuss the process in detail. What were the most important antislavery forces?
Conceptual

Question 27

Was Napoleon a revolutionary? Were his ideas of government based on the Enlightenment? Was his dictatorial rule different from the absolutism of French kings or the enlightened despots of the eighteenth century? Did his reforms transform the fabric of French society and politics?
Conceptual

Question 28

Why was the independence of Brazil attained through relatively peaceful means? What conditions enabled Brazil to avoid division after independence? Did independence transform Brazilian socioeconomic structures?
Conceptual

Question 29

How did Latin American revolutions differ from the revolution in the United States? How similar or different were the conditions of the English colonies in North America and the Spanish and Portuguese colonies? Were both revolutions inspired by the same philosophical ideas?
Conceptual

Question 30

How are the Napoleonic wars connected to the revolutions of Latin America? What role did specific political and military events in Europe play in the establishment of independent nations in the Americas? Could these revolutions have been prevented?
Conceptual