Deck 15: Adolescent Nutrition: Conditions and Interventions

Question 1

A Hispanic 15-year-old male moved to the United States with his mother.They were planning to join up with their cousins who were migrant workers living in California.Using only the information provided,how many risk factors for becoming overweight are present in the 15 year old?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Risk factors for the development of overweight among children and adolescents include:

A)having at least one overweight parent.
B)coming from a low-income family.
C)having an American Indian ancestry.
D)being diagnosed with a chronic or disabling condition that limits mobility.
E)All of the above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following supplements is reportedly used as a "performance enhancer" by adolescent athletes?

A)Androstenedione
B)Calcium
C)Guarana
D)Iron
E)Bee pollen

Answer 3

A

Question 4

For the adolescent boy described in question #2,what environmental factor is most important to monitor because it is associated with adolescents becoming overweight?

A)Frequency of eating foods high in added sugars
B)Number of hours spent in school
C)How much time is spent with friends
D)Amount of income spent on housing

Question 5

National guidelines for the treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity recommend a staged care process based on BMI,comorbid conditions,age,and motivation.Which of the following would NOT be one of those four stages?

A)Prevention plus
B)Structured weight management
C)Comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention
D)Tertiary care intervention
E)Weight maintenance

Question 6

Use the following nutrition label to answer questions 12-14.

Would this beverage be a good choice to drink during a strenuous activity?

A)Yes: it is 100% fruit juice,so it is a good choice
B)No: it is too high in carbohydrate and may cause cramping
C)Not enough information is provided on the label

Question 7

Risk factors associated with developing iron-deficiency anemia include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)rapid growth.
B)high intake of vitamin C-rich foods.
C)calorie-restricted diets.
D)meal skipping.
E)participation in endurance sports.

Question 8

Athletes should consume 6-8 oz fluid prior to exercise,_____ oz fluid every 15-20 minutes during physical activity,and at least _____ oz fluid following exercise.

A)0;>32
B)4-6;8
C)4-6;12
D)8-10;8

Question 9

Calcium supplements may decrease the absorption of iron;therefore,they should be avoided within _____ of taking the iron supplement.

A)one hour
B)five hours
C)eight hours
D)ten hours

Question 10

Traditional carbohydrate loading is the process of:

A)eating as much carbohydrate as possible on a daily basis to "load" your muscle stores.
B)eating low-carbohydrate foods for the first 3 days of the week,while continuing to exercise,and then consuming a high-carbohydrate diet the 3 days prior to competition while exercising minimally.
C)eating a ratio of 40% carbohydrate,30% fat,and 30% protein in order to shift to a "fat burning" metabolism.
D)All of the above
E)a and c only

Question 11

The range of medical and psychosocial complications that accompany overweight among adolescents include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)hypertension.
B)type 1 diabetes.
C)dyslipidemia.
D)sleep apnea.
E)insulin resistance.

Question 12

Each pound of body weight lost during an activity requires ingestion of _____ ounces of fluid following the activity to maintain proper hydration.

A)8
B)16
C)20
D)32
E)48

Question 13

Use the following nutrition label to answer questions 12-14.

A coach bought fruit juice boxes (see food label above)for the wrestling team to provide energy to wrestlers after they weighed in.What is the best recommendation for teens when they consume this 30 minutes before the meet?

A)Dilute half of this juice with 6.75 oz cold water
B)Drink three juice boxes to get adequate fluid volume before the match.
C)Only drink 20 oz of water before the match.
D)Find a vending machine and purchase a sports drink containing caffeine.

Question 14

The main reason athletes use creatine is for:

A)increased fatty acid oxidation.
B)its ability to "melt fat."
C)increasing anaerobic metabolism and strength.
D)increasing lean body mass.
E)All of the above

Question 15

The male described in question #2 has a BMI of 25,which is at the 90th percentile for age and gender.Based on age,height,and weight,this value is defined as _____.

A)appropriate weight for age and height
B)at risk for overweight for age and height
C)overweight based on age and height
D)obese based on age and height

Question 16

A juice or sports drink that contains no more than _____ carbohydrate may allow for better hydration and physical performance than those that are more concentrated.

A)2-3%
B)4-5%
C)5-6%
D)6-8%
E)9-10%

Question 17

Potential effects of substance use on nutritional status include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)reduced nutrient intake.
B)increased nutrient bioavailability.
C)appetite suppression.
D)iron-deficiency anemia.
E)increased nutrient destruction.

Question 18

Youth with body mass index (BMI)values > 50th percentile,but < 75th percentile are considered:

A)normal weight.
B)at risk for overweight.
C)overweight.
D)obese.
E)morbidly obese.

Question 19

Use the following nutrition label to answer questions 12-14.

Based on the calories in this drink,calculate the percentage of total calories from carbohydrates it provides.

A)14
B)40
C)50
D)100

Question 20

As many as _____ of overweight adolescents can be expected to remain overweight into adulthood.

A)40%
B)50%
C)60%
D)70%
E)90%

Question 21

Which of the following adolescents would be a candidate for bariatric surgery?

A)A 15-year-old boy with a BMI in the 85th %tile and no medical complications
B)A 17-year-old girl with a BMI in the 80th %tile and medical complications
C)A 17-year-old girl with a BMI >40 with medical complications
D)A 16-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes and a BMI in the 90th %tile
E)b and c

Question 22

Key goals of nutritional care for someone in treatment for an eating disorder would include:

A)establishing a regular pattern of nutritionally balanced meals.
B)gradually introducing forbidden foods into the diet.
C)avoiding dieting behaviors and excessive exercise.
D)thoroughly assessing dietary intake and adequacy.
E)All of the above are key goals

Question 23

The two subtypes of anorexia nervosa are restricting and non-restricting;these subtypes are similar in that both:

A)present with a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight.
B)exhibit regular episodes of purging.
C)affect only teenage girls.
D)are caused by a realistic body image.
E)follow periods of excessive dieting.

Question 24

An endurance runner asks you for advice on how to MAXIMIZE his glucose supply before a big race.What is your advice?

A)Eat a high-carbohydrate diet in the days prior to your race
B)Load up on steak and potatoes the night before
C)Drink plenty of fluids containing carbohydrates before the race
D)Eat a balanced diet with at least 40% carbohydrates daily
E)b and c only

Question 25

John has an intense soccer practice coming up and has asked you what he can drink in order to stay hydrated and energized during practice.What would you suggest?

A)Very cold orange juice
B)Orange juice diluted 1:2 with water
C)Red Bull energy drinks
D)Diet or regular cola
E)Plain water

Question 26

Binge-eating disorder differs from bulimia nervosa in that binge-eating disorder:

A)does not include binges on "fast" or "junk" foods.
B)does not involve eating large amounts of food in a short period of time.
C)does include large amounts of fruits and vegetables during a binge episode.
D)does not involve compensatory behaviors.
E)involves stool softeners,not laxatives.

Question 27

Approximately _____ of adolescents in the United States have an elevated cholesterol level.

A)10%
B)25%
C)40%
D)55%
E)75%

Question 28

What is the recommended amount of dietary cholesterol for youth?

Question 29

What iron-rich food source would be the best choice for an adolescent who is a lacto-vegetarian?

A)Pinto beans and diced tomatoes
B)Scrambled eggs with cheese
C)Tuna sandwich
D)Flour tortilla with cheese
E)Fish sandwich with lettuce

Question 30

What dietary components are MOST effective at raising muscle glycogen concentrations?

A)Fats
B)Proteins
C)Carbohydrates
D)Chromium & iron-containing supplements

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of iron-deficiency anemia?

A)Decreased immune status
B)Fatigue
C)Reduced physical endurance
D)Thirst

Question 32

An estimated _____ percent of children and adolescents with a chronic condition or disability also have nutrition risk factors that warrant a referral to a dietitian.

A)20
B)30
C)40
D)50

Question 33

Characteristics of successful eating-disorder prevention programs include:

A)selective targeting of high-risk groups.
B)focusing on adolescents <15 years of age only.
C)programs consisting of a single session on eating disorders.
D)programs with information provided by parents.
E)individual therapy sessions.

Question 34

The two categories of bulimia nervosa are:

A)restricting and non-restricting.
B)purging and non-purging.
C)exercising and non-exercising.
D)menstruating and non-menstruating.
E)normal weight and overweight.

Question 35

Binge-eating disorder is a condition which is indicated by the presence of three of five criteria.Which of the following would NOT be one of these criteria?

A)Eating rapidly
B)Eating only until full
C)Eating when not physically hungry
D)Eating when alone
E)Feelings of self-disgust

Question 36

A main contributing factor to dieting behaviors and disordered eating is:

A)peer pressure.
B)parent pressure for children to be "perfect."
C)body dissatisfaction.
D)high self-esteem.
E)genetics.

Question 37

A teenage girl ate Christmas dinner at her step-mother's house and following a creamy dessert,announced,"I am fatter than all of my classmates;I am going to stop eating for 5 days!" Important behaviors the step-mother should model include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)eating well-balanced meals as part of her normal routine.
B)showing the step-daughter love without using food.
C)identifying strengths of the step-daughter that are not eating related.
D)beginning a subscription to Weight Watcher's magazine for the stepdaughter.

Question 38

An appropriate setting in which to implement an eating disorder prevention program is _____.

A)a school
B)a health care clinic
C)a community education center
D)All of the above

Question 39

Risk factors for hypertension among adolescents include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)a high dietary intake of sodium.
B)an inactive lifestyle.
C)being underweight.
D)smoking.
E)hyperlipidemia.

Question 40

A pregnant teen who is deficient in iron early in pregnancy is at higher risk of:

A)remaining iron deficient after delivery.
B)having a low-birth weight baby.
C)having a preterm delivery.
D)craving unusual foods.
E)b and c only

Question 41

Environmental factors do not change the risk of developing overweight if an adolescent is already genetically predisposed to obesity.

Question 42

An example of an environmental factor that contributes to eating disorders is:

A)self-esteem.
B)personal body image.
C)weight preoccupation.
D)nutrition beliefs.
E)food availability.

Question 43

Adolescents who use herbal supplements are more likely to engage in health-compromising behaviors such as smoking.

Question 44

Boys cannot get anorexia nervosa.

Question 45

Side effects from taking iron supplements include:

A)constipation.
B)nausea.
C)cramping.
D)All of the above
E)a and c only

Question 46

High-protein diets are recommended as pre-performance regimens among adolescent athletes.

Question 47

Nutrition topics that would be covered in Stage 1 obesity treatment include:

A)shaming children into choosing healthy foods by ridiculing them.
B)optimal fruit and vegetable consumption.
C)the dangers of fast-food restaurants.
D)"good" foods versus "bad" foods.
E)very-low-calorie diet plans.

Question 48

Binge-eating disorder is defined by recurrent episodes of binge eating at least three days a week for 3 months.

Question 49

Asking teens to completely avoid fast-food restaurants is a realistic goal for weight loss.

Question 50

Adolescents who take vitamin-mineral supplements tend to consume a more nutritionally adequate diet than those who don't.

Question 51

Mortality rates are higher for bulimia nervosa than for anorexia nervosa.

Question 52

What food choices would be encouraged for someone watching his or her sodium intake?

A)Whole grains,vegetables,and fruit
B)Processed foods and canned soup
C)Low-fat dairy products
D)Legumes,eggs,and certain types of fat
E)both a and c

Question 53

Mary is 15,and has recurrent binges after which she uses laxatives to purge.Her BMI is in the 95th %tile,classifying her as overweight;therefore,she cannot be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa.