Deck 2: Infants, Toddlers, and Their Families

Question 1

Parents must care for their newborn children because humans are born with large but not fully developed brains. This is an example of:

A) cultural effects on parenting
B) sensitive periods in brain development
C) biological effects on parenting
D) variations in parenting

Answer 1

biological effects on parenting

Question 2

A parent who feeds her child with a spoon after the child can probably feed himself may value:

A) independence
B) interdependent relationships
C) the primary importance of the mother
D) the importance of the individual over the group

Answer 2

interdependent relationships

Question 3

Which circumstances are constant factors across humanity?

A) Morning sickness, fatigue, and fear
B) Long gestation, difficult birth process, and dependency of the infant
C) Religious feelings, optimism, and easy, natural birth
D) Fathers withdraw, mothers feel high energy, and birth is attended

Answer 3

Long gestation, difficult birth process, and dependency of the infant

Question 4

As Damiko's mother excitedly plays "pat-a-cake" with Damiko, his father joins them to play the game, too. This example most likely represents which of the following reasons for variations in parenting?

A) The mother's influence on paternal involvement
B) The family's stress and resiliency
C) The influence of childhood family and attachment experience
D) The family's culture

Question 5

The strongest factor determining how involved a father is in nurturing and providing physical care, cognitive activities and warmth with an infant is:

A) the mother's attitude
B) education
C) income
D) how important he feels his contribution is

Question 6

Women are often most surprised in the first months after birth by:

A) how tired they are
B) that breastfeeding can be challenging
C) their marital dissatisfaction
D) how much they want to hold their baby

Question 7

Nick's (15 months old) parents often didn't respond when he tried to communicate to them. However, they did demand that he immediately obey them when they told him what to do. Which of the following parenting styles would describe this behavior?

A) Indulgent
B) Authoritarian
C) Authoritative
D) Uninvolved

Question 8

Parenting style refers to:

A) how much language they use with their children
B) how much money they spend on learning toys
C) parent responsiveness and parent demands
D) how often the parents' play with the child

Question 9

The outcomes for children of parents who use a more authoritarian parent style may differ according to:

A) the educational level of the family
B) culture
C) family structure
D) biological effects on the family

Question 10

Which of the following is most important to ensure children's optimal development?

A) The nature of the relationships within the family
B) The structure of the family
C) The use of a certain parenting style (indulgent, authoritative, etc.)
D) The family's cultural values about raising children

Question 11

Which of the following parent behaviors is most likely to have a negative effect on the child during a divorce?

A) Being sad at times around the child
B) Focusing too much attention on the child
C) Angry confrontations in front of the child
D) Responding to the child's needs

Question 12

The most important thing that teachers can do in regard to differences in family structure is:

A) identify risk and resiliency (protective factors) in the family
B) realize that all families face challenges
C) be sensitive to the needs of each family
D) treat all families in a similar manner

Question 13

Same sex parents is an increasing phenomenon in our country. The infant toddler teacher may need to deal with:

A) the infant's confusion
B) the couple's confusion over parenting roles
C) how to address each parent
D) beliefs and biases of other families

Question 14

One of the greatest challenges to grandparents raising grandchildren is:

A) the biological parents may live with them
B) the lack of legal standing
C) their own poor parenting skills
D) limited financial resources

Question 15

Parent education is best described as:

A) step by step instructions to help parents manage developmental milestones
B) a set of materials that offers parents many potentially conflicting ideas
C) following the advice of the child's grandparents
D) a range of options from brochures to podcasts to one-on-one counseling

Question 16

Family support programs are characterized by:

A) coordinating a variety of services and supports to create a strong infrastructure for fragile families
B) providing cash for families in emergency situations
C) getting neighborhood parents together to share parenting
D) faith-based food and clothing "closets"

Question 17

Home visiting is highly regarded as an effective support to families. It is characterized by:

A) regular inspections of the home for safety and enrichment
B) warm relationships, child development information, and emotional support
C) an emphasis on reading and language development
D) nutritional and health related activities

Question 18

Programs for parents of infants and toddlers with disabilities offer:

A) behavioral programming
B) ways to diagnose your child
C) membership in national disability associations
D) advocacy and information

Question 19

Adoptive situations vary widely but many adoptive parents worry:

A) they may not love the adopted baby without a genetic connection
B) biological parents have some natural knowledge
C) that they will be judged by biological families
D) they will over-intellectualize parenting

Question 20

The most significant challenge faced by foster families caring for infants and toddlers is:

A) caring for too many children at once
B) the children are vulnerable physically and psychologically
C) too little support from Children's Protective Services
D) not knowing how long they will have a child

Question 21

Discuss issues that emerge for men and women as they become parents.

Question 22

Analyze two variations in family structure and describe the implications for teachers.

Question 23

Describe the factors that make infants and toddlers in foster care the most vulnerable children in our country.