Deck 1: The Importance of the Infant and Toddler Years: A Relationship-Based Approach

Question 1

A toddler feels contentment much of the time and often feels joy. This toddler has a sense of:

A) good developmental outcomes
B) competence
C) well-being
D) quality of life

Answer 1

well-being

Question 2

Which of the following is not an aspect of mental health as defined in the chapter?

A) The ability to enjoy intimate and caring relationships.
B) The ability of the child to think clearly.
C) The sense of well-being that the child has.
D) The feelings of confidence and competence that the child experiences.

Answer 2

The ability of the child to think clearly.

Question 3

Matt, a toddler, was saying more words each day. This is an example of which of the following?

A) Well-being
B) Developmental outcomes
C) Quality of life
D) Mental health

Answer 3

Developmental outcomes

Question 4

A relationship-based model recognizes that the quality of:

A) a child's relationships with just one person does not affect the quality of the child's relationship with other people
B) a child's network of relationships affects children's sense of self-worth and competence
C) the environment as having the primary influence on the quality of the child's relationships
D) a child's characteristics has the primary influence on the quality of the child's relationships

Question 5

The attributes of a child, as defined in the text, include:

A) biological makeup and thinking abilities
B) temperament and gender
C) appearance and the number of siblings
D) their facial expressions and body postures

Question 6

Matty, Tara's Early Head Start teacher, noticed Tara yawning as she was sitting on the floor playing. Matty went over to Tara, sat down at her level, and said, "Are you feeling sleepy, Tara?" This is an example of:

A) Matty's and Tara's mental health
B) how a child's unique characteristics affect relationships
C) how the ecology affects relationships
D) Matty being "tuned in" or responsive to Tara

Question 7

Which theory emphasizes how children's attributes and capacities influence the ongoing reciprocal nature of the child's relationships with others?

A) Bioecological systems theory
B) Transactional theory
C) Cultural theory
D) Self-regulation theory

Question 8

Which of the following three characteristics does research support as the key characteristics of adults that influence children's sense of security and ability to engage in thriving relationships?

A) Sensitivity, self regulation, and responsiveness
B) Sensitivity, responsiveness, and continuity of care
C) Emotional availability, responsiveness, and sensitivity
D) Communication cues, love, and self-regulation

Question 9

If teachers understand the importance of "windows of opportunity," what would they do with infants and toddlers?

A) Recognize that culture influences a child's development
B) Emphasize that toddlers learn the alphabet early in life
C) Converse with infants and toddler and name objects often
D) Understand that there is a broad range of individual differences

Question 10

Which of the following factors has least contributed to increased knowledge about and emphasis on the early years as a critical time of development?

A) An increased knowledge of risk factors that influence children's development
B) The publication, Neurons to Neighborhoods, published in 2000
C) An increased knowledge of brain development
D) An increased understanding of modern life

Question 11

Infants and toddlers are competent learners. Which of the following is an example of how competent they are?

A) Tia Marie began listening to sounds when she was two days old.
B) Tia Marie became stressed because of her mother's depression.
C) Tia Marie's brain was totally structured at birth.
D) Tia Marie began discerning patterns in language when she turned 2 years old.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is the foundation of how infants and toddlers learn?

A) Children learn through social interactions with others.
B) How much children learn is genetically determined.
C) Children learn primarily through their active exploration.
D) It is important that young children learn how to self-regulate their emotions.

Question 13

It is important for teachers to understand the terms "risk" and "resilience"
Because:

A) they may need to know how to organize their program differently
B) they may need specialized training to provide responsive services
C) they may need to know that the population in the United States is becoming less diverse
D) they may need to know that a changing population changes children's seven irreducible needs

Question 14

Which of the following represents the most important reason why infant and toddler professionals should care about reducing poverty?

A) Poverty changes the "sensitive periods" in a child's life.
B) Poverty affects the quality of life that a child experiences.
C) Poverty affects the stress level of families.
D) Many children in poverty are less likely to be ready for school.

Question 15

It is critical that teachers understand that there are many reasons why families choose different kinds of child care programs because:

A) they will ensure that there is more family child care
B) they will provide more on-site business child care
C) they will encourage families to choose a particular type of child care
D) they will understand the need for options for families

Question 16

An example of a type of program that serves primarily children with disabilities in a variety of settings is:

A) a family child-care home
B) Early Head Start
C) an early intervention program
D) on-site business child-care

Question 17

If an infant or toddler attends a poor quality child care and learning program, which of the following could be affected?

A) Whether or not their family lives in poverty
B) The number of irreducible needs that they have
C) The ability to relate to others
D) The number of options that the family has for type of child care

Question 18

Juanita's parents, whose family's home was ruined in a hurricane, are living in a shelter. Which of the following irreducible needs, although challenging to do, are Juanita's parents most likely to be able to meet?

A) Physical protection, safety, and regulation
B) Ongoing nurturing relationships
C) Experiences tailored to individual differences
D) Stable communities and cultural continuity

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of contingent responsiveness?

A) When the baby sneezed, the teacher said, "Wow, that was a big sneeze."
B) The teachers encouraged older infants to explore their environment.
C) When the toddler fell down, the teacher allowed her to get up by herself.
D) The teacher was a safe haven and a secure base for the infants in her care.

Question 20

What three factors influences resilience in young children?

A) Environmental, genetic, and protective factors
B) Exploration, social support, and internal locus of control
C) Caring, dynamic, and environmental factors
D) Personal, environmental, and relationship factors

Question 21

Describe the importance of ensuring that infants and toddlers are experiencing quality, secure relationships.

Question 22

Explain why the infant and toddler years are important.

Question 23

(a) Discuss the purpose and features of the three different types of programs discussed in the book that are available to infants, toddlers, and their families. (b) Describe how one early care and learning program could include features of at least two out of the three types of programs.