Deck 14: Meeting the Changing Needs of It Development and Use

Question 1

For an HCI developer or researcher, which of the following appropriately describes the focus of his/her work while facing the advancements of information technology?

A) examining the trends of the advancement and analyze HCI challenges brought by the changes for better coping with future changes;
B) predicting what new devices will be developed;
C) predicting what future devices can do for humans;
D) examining the technologies that are already outdated;
E) checking all the technologies that have been utilized before.

Answer 1

examining the trends of the advancement and analyze HCI challenges brought by the changes for better coping with future changes;

Question 2

Which of the following concerns is emphasized in HCI when people are facing new IT use?

A) How to make profit by using new information technologies?
B) What is the cost/benefit ratio in using new information technologies?
C) How can we obtain the latest information technologies?
D) How can we reserve and implement our values by using new information technologies?
E) How to get rid off the old technologies so that new information technologies can be used?

Answer 2

How can we reserve and implement our values by using new information technologies?

Question 3

Ubiquitous computing refers to the trend of ___ in IT use.

A) changing everything into a computer
B) integrating computation into the environment instead of having computers as distinct objects
C) assigning everyone a computer
D) relying everything on computers
E) turning using computers into the only way of interpersonal communication

Answer 3

integrating computation into the environment instead of having computers as distinct objects

Question 4

Some scholars proposed that, in the future, we will have a world where microprocessors are embedded in everything and communicating with one another. This is a view about ___ as a new IT trend.

A) social computing
B) communityware
C) value sensitive design
D) ubiquitous computing
E) freelancing

Question 5

Broadly speaking, there are two views of ubiquitous computing. These two views are:

A) physical view vs. psychological view
B) individual view vs. collective view
C) convergent device view vs. divergent device view
D) technological view vs. social view
E) concrete view vs. virtual view

Question 6

In the following descriptions about ubiquitous computing, which one reflects the convergent device view?

A) Computers are distributed everywhere to meet various needs from humans and the society;
B) With ubiquitous computing, people will live in a computer-generated world ultimately;
C) Distinct computers will be replaced by devices that have unnoticeable microprocessors;
D) Human and computer communicate with natural language;
E) Computers will permeate our everyday life without being noticed.

Question 7

Integrating computers into the environment instead of having them as distinct objects has the advantage of:

A) removing all the needs for moving around
B) turning all computer devices invisible
C) simplifying the exchange between people with computers as the only type of intermediary
D) focusing people's attention only on computer use in everyday life
E) enabling people to interact with computer more naturally

Question 8

As a phenomenon that is roughly the opposite of ubiquitous computing, virtual reality is characterized as:

A) every task being automated with computers;
B) relying on only one computer in the world;
C) putting people inside a computer-generated world;
D) being able to replace the world we are living in now;
E) people living in a world without any computer.

Question 9

An example that demonstrates ubiquitous computing could be:

A) a microwave with digital control panel
B) a bicycle
C) a desktop computer with multi-media function
D) a stove top pot
E) a drawing on the wall

Question 10

In the following statements about the design space for user interface (UI) in ubiquitous computing, which one is appropriate?

A) The design for UI will be focused on unmovable computer devices;
B) The design space for UI in ubiquitous computing will be larger than that for conventional personal computers;
C) To simplify the UI, all computerized devices will have only one input option;
D) Redundant output opportunities should be avoided in the UI design for ubiquitous computing devices;
E) Centralized computing devices will become the only design space for UI in ubiquitous computing.

Question 11

In ubiquitous computing, the task-centric evaluation techniques for usability test may become inappropriate because:

A) the definition for tasks will be completely different;
B) people do not need to perform tasks anymore;
C) tasks will be less clear or continuous without beginning or ending;
D) everyone will be doing the same task;
E) all tasks will be completed quickly in a blink.

Question 12

Social computing is a newly emerged computing, which is also called:

A) socialized computing
B) multi-point computing
C) ubiquitous computing
D) community computing
E) humanized computing

Question 13

Communityware refers to the software that:

A) acts as a messenger for people living in the same neighborhood;
B) is used for calling members of the same community for meetings;
C) allows the automation of a community's management;
D) allows large decentralized groups of people to form communities share preferences and knowledge, and perform social activities;
E) is shared on all computers within a neighborhood.

Question 14

Communityware is used by:

A) stakeholders involved in the same contract
B) people working in the same company
C) members of the same project team
D) people living in the same neighborhood
E) online community members

Question 15

A characteristic of communityware users is that:

A) they gather physically every time they want to share information;
B) they aim at obtaining direct rewards by participating the community activities;
C) benefits of an activity they take are usually centralized;
D) they participate community activities by doing assigned tasks;
E) they are diverse and amorphous groups of people.

Question 16

In the following statements about communityware, which one is correct?

A) The activities involved in using communityware are empowered by participants' interests and volunteering mindsets.
B) Communityware users usually aim at direct rewards from their participation;
C) Communityware are used to support activities of organized people;
D) In communityware, the benefits of an activity are centralized;
E) The essence of activities involved in using communityware is to find solutions to problems from participants.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about application of communityware is appropriate?

A) Communityware only supports one time events among a group of people;
B) Communityware is a good supplement for physical interactions between community members;
C) The communityware used by an online community has no impact on the physical interactions among the community members;
D) The activities taken by a user of a communityware are all invisible to other users;
E) The application of communityware relies on personal computers instead of mobile or portable devices.

Question 18

An example of communityware could be:

A) Microsoft FrontPage
B) Google Groups
C) Yahoo Messenger
D) Adobe Acrobat
E) Skype Internet Phone

Question 19

VSD is an approach in HCI design, which stands for:

A) Visual System Design
B) Virtual System Design
C) Value-sensitive Design
D) Value System Design
E) Voice-sensitive Design

Question 20

The approach of value-sensitive design (VSD) in HCI aims at supporting:

A) social value of a new technology
B) market value of a new system
C) organizational value of a new system
D) human values shared by users
E) innovative value of a new system

Question 21

The value of an object depends on

A) the size of the population that utilize the object
B) market need of the object
C) availability of the object
D) cost of making the object
E) interests and desires of human beings within a cultural milieu

Question 22

When we say that an object has a value, it indicates that:

A) this object has a specific structure;
B) this object has relation with other objects;
C) this object has a specific shape;
D) this object has certain functions;
E) this object may be important to someone.

Question 23

In the following, which one is an appropriate example of human value?

A) color
B) sound
C) temperature
D) trust
E) water

Question 24

As a human value, environmental sustainability refers to:

A) people's physical, material, and psychological well-being
B) a peaceful and composed psychological state of people
C) the attitude of treating people with politeness and consideration
D) the ability of people to survive in very hard situations
E) sustaining ecosystems that meet the needs of the present without compromising future generations

Question 25

People's understanding of who they are over time refers to the human value of:

A) identity
B) trust
C) accountability
D) autonomy
E) courtesy

Question 26

A large video plasma display in an interior office that shows a beautiful natural scenery as shown in a window is a system developed using ___ approach, which can help reduce the stress felt by people in an windowless office.

A) task-sensitive design
B) value-sensitive design
C) environment-sensitive design
D) user-sensitive design
E) light-sensitive design

Question 27

In the following statements about the implementation of value-sensitive design (VSD), which one is appropriate?

A) A new system developed using VSD only needs to concern the needs and requirements of direct stakeholders;
B) While using VSD to develop a new system, all stakeholder values must/need to be incorporated into the system as explicitly support values;
C) Values held by different stakeholders might conflict with each other;
D) Unlike systems developed in other ways, a system designed using VSD always helps meet specific human values without conflicting with and comprising other values;
E) Systems developed with VSD emphasized on individual values instead of organizational values.

Question 28

While using value-sensitive design (VSD) to develop a new system, it is important to identify the explicitly supported values in the system, which refers to:

A) all human values that can be supported by the technologies that will be used in the new system;
B) all human values that stakeholders stated as important to them;
C) the common values that are emphasized by all stakeholders of the system;
D) the human values that will finally be incorporated into the system;
E) the values in an organization in which the new system will be installed.

Question 29

Value-sensitive design (VSD) seeks to be proactive, which implies

A) employing conceptual, empirical and technical investigations
B) being iterative
C) going beyond the interface and usability level to enhance holistic human experience
D) starting consider human values early and throughout the entire process
E) including financial concerns

Question 30

For a computerized medical records system, who are indirect stakeholders?

A) insurance companies
B) hospitals
C) nurses
D) doctors
E) patients

Question 31

The following statements are about requirements in Open Source Definition. Which one is appropriate?

A) Open source software can be freely given away or sold;
B) Open source software is the software that has its initiating story open to the public;
C) Open source software refers to the software with product license from its developer for free;
D) Software that has its code partially open to the public is also a kind of open source software.
E) The source code of open source software must be available to the public in its development stage, but not necessarily in its distribution.

Question 32

Compared to open source software,

A) There are free software products that can be copied and used;
B) Free software can be a software product that does not require payment but is not allowed to be redistributed;
C) Free software can be modified by users in certain situations;
D) Free software is possible to be redistributed;
E) Free software can be licensed.

Question 33

In the following descriptions, which one is an argument for promoting open source software by the advocates?

A) The value of software primarily lies in its potential sale value;
B) Open source software allows more control over the final product than close source software;
C) Having software be open source means that there is a potential to have a nearly infinite number of derived works using patented technology, unbeknownst to a patent holder;
D) Open sources software can bring profits to the developers involved in developing it;
E) By giving less protection on a software product, a corporation will be able to change it into an open source one, and better meet their interests.

Question 34

Which of the following software products is an open source one?

A) RealOne Media Player
B) Adobe Photoshop
C) Windows XP
D) GNOME
E) Macromedia

Question 35

Which of the following methods can help improve the HCI quality of an open source software product?

A) attracting more developers into the software development
B) letting non-professional real end users to write the codes for software interface
C) raising funds to hire professional HCI experts for the software development
D) hold a competition for functionality test among the software developers
E) publishing a human interface guidelines among the developer

Question 36

As a software development method, CBSD stands for:

A) component-based software development
B) component-based system development
C) computer-based software development
D) computer-based system development
E) customized basic system development

Question 37

Component-based software development (CBSD) refers to the software development method that:

A) breaks the whole project work into small components for developers;
B) uses or reuses existing software components to build new software applications;
C) combines the same set of components in different ways to develop various software applications;
D) all developers work on one component at a time, select the best one from the results, and then continue to work on another component;
E) designs a new software application by assembling useful small applications available on the market.

Question 38

A characteristic of component-based software development (CBSD) is that:

A) components are logically related to each other but physically distinct;
B) all developers that use a component have a clear understanding about the component's details;
C) the components can be reused as it is (i.e. black-box reuse) without the need of source code change;
D) components would not need to be extended once they are done;
E) components are used by inserting their code to the target system directly without the need for knowing their interface.

Question 39

In the following, which is a challenge on HCI design and evaluation brought by component-based software development (CBSD)?

A) CBSD is easy to bring social issues such as security, privacy, control and visibility, etc.;
B) CBSD only take direct stakeholders' interest into account;
C) Using CBSD may cause separation of usability professionals from users;
D) When different components are combined together, it is easy to result in an application with inconsistent interfaces;
E) Software applications developed with CBSD are only good to be used with a single screen-based user interface, i.e. computers that come with a display.

Question 40

For system development that uses component-based software development (CBSD), usability and user experience evaluation should occur at the levels of:

A) task and semantic
B) syntactic and lexical
C) mission and policy
D) task and context
E) component and complete user interface

Question 41

Which of the following is a characteristic of outsourcing?

A) Outsourcing involves the transfer of a significant amount of management control from an organization to another;
B) Outsourcing involves two-way monetary transfer between two organizations;
C) Outsourcing involves turning employees of one organization into employees of another one;
D) Outsourcing involves establishing new sub-organizations to do the work that needs to be outsourced;
E) The outsourced services will be fully controlled by the service supplier without the need for any coordination.

Question 42

In the following jobs, which one is better suitable to be offshored?

A) a job that relies heavily on only locally available resources
B) a job that can be teleworked
C) an art job such as sculpturing or drawing
D) a job that requires direct customer interaction
E) a job that needs big investment to set up required facilities

Question 43

Which of the following descriptions about offshore outsourcing is appropriate?

A) Offshore outsourcing means new business process are established in a new location;
B) Offshore outsourcing is not good for service processes;
C) A big US company hiring an Asian organization to perform part of its manufacturing functions in Asia is an example of offshore outsourcing;
D) In offshore outsourcing, the unit that takes the outsourced work in the new location is still part of the organization which has the need for outsourcing;
E) Offshore outsourcing is not applicable on jobs in infotech sectors.

Question 44

Offshoring refers to:

A) hiring employees from other locations to work in the headquarter of an organization;
B) sending employees to various locations to start their own business;
C) the restructuring of an organization for cost-cut purpose;
D) the relocation of business processes to a lower-cost location;
E) the process of building another copy of an organization in new location;

Question 45

Freelancers are people that:

A) do not need to follow any rules of an organization while working there;
B) are not constrained within just one professional area, and can change the job for living anytime at will;
C) can work anytime at their convenience without following a strict organizational working schedule;
D) work for many projects from different organizations at the same time;
E) are self-employed and work in a profession or a trade where full-time employment by a single employer is also common.

Question 46

Nearshoring refers to the type of outsourcing in that

A) business processes are relocated from one location to another close-by cheaper location
B) business processes are moved from a less populated location to a close-by more populated location
C) business processes are remodeled from producing one product to producing another better sold product
D) business processes are transferred from one department in a company to another close-by department in the same company
E) business processes are redesigned for newly enrolled employees working at a new location

Question 47

In the various outsourcing types, a US company's onshore outsourcing refers to businesses being outsourced to:

A) other communities of the same city
B) smaller US cities
C) another sector of the same corporation
D) foreign cities
E) a neighbor country

Question 48

A reason that may prevent obtaining high quality usability analysis through offshore outsourcing could be:

A) difficulties in delivering the analysis report
B) the time gap between conducting usability analysis and delivering the results
C) separation of usability professionals from users
D) coordination of the analysis work that needs to be done in a foreign country
E) finding the most experienced usability professionals in the foreign country

Question 49

According to the usability maturity model, if a company already has some investment in HCI consultants and/or HCI training, this company is at the ___ level of this model.

A) unrecognized
B) recognized
C) implemented
D) considered
E) integrated

Question 50

Although offshore outsourcing has enabled many companies in the West put more weight of their HCI practice to the offshore locations, it will not be possible to perform all HCI work offshore. One reason for this is that:

A) HCI professionals from the West can be sent to the offshore location for necessary HCI practice;
B) The offshore businesses do not have the ability to cover the entire spectrum of the IT development process;
C) The offshore businesses always need to wait for the Western companies to develop new usability-oriented design and analysis;
D) local customers in the West still want to have people on-site who understand their context and objectives, as well as their language and culture;
E) There is always a lag for offshore businesses to develop the ability for performing higher-value "front-end" tasks such as user-experience development.