Deck 17: Late Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

Ageism is:

A) a belief in respecting and venerating the elderly
B) stereotyping and judging people based on age
C) giving the elderly more favorable treatment
D) the study of aging and its special problems

Answer 1

stereotyping and judging people based on age

Question 2

Gerontology is:

A) a belief in respecting and venerating the elderly
B) stereotyping and judging people based on age
C) giving the elderly more favorable treatment
D) the study of aging and its special problems

Answer 2

the study of aging and its special problems

Question 3

Of the following, which group experiences the longest life expectancy today?

A) American men
B) Andaman Islanders
C) Japanese women
D) Swedish men

Answer 3

Japanese women

Question 4

The Harvard longitudinal Study of Adult Development found all of the following contribute to successful again EXCEPT:

A) ability to copy with stress
B) reflecting on the past
C) active lifestyle
D) strong social relationships

Question 5

According to the statistics cited in your textbook, the current population of older adults in the U.S. is predominantly:

A) Hispanic and female
B) Black and male
C) White and female
D) White and male

Question 6

Statisticians predict that in the future the elderly population:

A) will decrease significantly
B) will increase in the minority elderly
C) will have little effect on health-care costs
D) will remain stable

Question 7

Which of the following is not a predicted effect of demographic changes in the population in the future?

A) an increased dependency ratio in the nation
B) a decreased demand by the aged for various resources
C) the emergence of the oldest cohort as a political force
D) the emergence of the oldest cohort as a social movement

Question 8

Which of the following is true about nursing home placement and the elderly?

A) Rates of nursing home placement are decreasing and actual numbers of nursing home residents are expected to decrease.
B) Rates of nursing home placement are increasing while actual numbers of nursing home residents are expected to decrease.
C) Rates of nursing home placement are decreasing while actual numbers of nursing home residents are expected to increase.
D) Rates of nursing home placement are increasing and actual numbers of nursing home residents are expected to increase.

Question 9

About what percent of the elderly in the United States are housebound?

A) 39
B) 29
C) 19
D) 9

Question 10

Regarding crime victimization rates, Americans over the age of 65:

A) had the highest rates of any age group
B) had the lowest rates of any age group
C) had a rate somewhere between the highest and lowest
D) had a rate that cannot be determined

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding retirement income?

A) Women tend to have a higher monthly income than men.
B) Men tend to have a higher monthly income than women.
C) The monthly income of men and women is roughly equal.
D) Statistics are not kept for retirement income.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding the growth of the elderly populations worldwide?

A) In most industrialized societies the number of elderly people is declining.
B) The rates of elderly in developing countries are projected to grow more slowly than the rates of developed countries.
C) In most industrialized countries the number of elderly people is increasing.
D) The rates of elderly in both developed and developing countries are declining.

Question 13

According to your textbook, one of the reasons for women's greater longevity is:

A) Women's hormones give them more efficient immune systems.
B) Women exhibit greater interest in protecting their health.
C) Women tend to exercise more throughout their lifetimes.
D) Women have better eating habits that protect them from illness.

Question 14

Theresa is 68 years old. If she is like the majority of people 65 and over, she is likely to report her health to be:

A) poor to very poor
B) poor to fair
C) fair to good
D) good to excellent

Question 15

According to the research cited in your textbook, it is predicted that ____________ will impact longevity.

A) smoking
B) obesity
C) environmental factors
D) lack of health research data

Question 16

Janine's grandmother recently fell and fractured her wrist. Her doctor said that she is suffering from a slow loss of calcium that leads to porous bones. This condition is called:

A) bone disease
B) osteoporosis
C) osteoarthritis
D) calcititis

Question 17

Who is at greater risk of osteoporosis?

A) elderly men
B) premenopausal women
C) thin/small-boned women
D) women who exercise a lot

Question 18

Which of the following is a reason for adverse drug side effects suffered by the elderly?

A) Elderly persons do not absorb medications as readily from the intestinal tract.
B) Elderly persons' livers are less efficient at metabolizing medications.
C) Elderly persons' kidneys are 50 percent less efficient at excreting chemicals than younger persons' kidneys.
D) All of these are reasons for the elderly suffering adverse drug side effects.

Question 19

Which of the following plays a protective role against depression?

A) social support
B) perceived control of life factors
C) coping styles
D) all of these

Question 20

65-year-old Marta has noticed changes in her hair. Which of the following is she likely to see?

A) graying
B) thinning
C) coarsening
D) all of these

Question 21

The condition of age-related loss of muscle is called:

A) sarcopenia
B) encephalitis
C) enuresis
D) sarcoma

Question 22

The substance that constitutes a high percentage of the total protein in the body and is a basic structural component of connective tissue is:

A) cholesterol
B) blood vessels
C) collagen
D) lipids

Question 23

It is important for people in late adulthood to have regular eye exams for conditions such as ___________, which is pressure buildup in the fluid of the eye, and ____________, which is a hardening of the lens of the eye.

A) glaucoma; cataract
B) cataract; glaucoma
C) retinal detachment; glaucoma
D) cataract; retinal detachment

Question 24

Jose and his 78-year-old grandfather are eating dinner. Jose is amazed to see how much hot sauce his grandfather uses. When he asks about it, his grandfather says food doesn't taste as spicy as it used to. The reason is:

A) Food is actually less spicy today than it was in the past.
B) Genetic modification has altered the taste of most foods.
C) People age 70 to 85 average one-third the taste buds of young adults.
D) As people age, their taste buds become increasingly immune to highly spiced foods.

Question 25

Many medical conditions can lead to swallowing disorders called:

A) dyspenia
B) dysphagia
C) dyspepsia
D) dyslexia

Question 26

The elderly are less sensitive to changes in temperature. This leaves them susceptible to a condition in which body temperature falls more than 4 degrees Fahrenheit and persists for a number of hours. This condition is called:

A) hypothyroidism
B) hypoxia
C) hypothermia
D) hypoplasia

Question 27

The two main reasons why the ability to sleep decreases with age are:

A) hypertension (high blood pressure) and high cholesterol
B) obesity and diabetes
C) changes in circadian rhythms and sleep disorders
D) none of these

Question 28

Arlene has developed a disorder in which she occasionally stops breathing during sleep. This is called:

A) circadian rhythms
B) sleep apnea
C) sleep deficit
D) none of these

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true regarding sexuality and adults over 60 years?

A) Most elderly people prefer not to have sex at all.
B) Partner availability is not a factor related to sexuality and the elderly.
C) For most of the elderly, sexual activity increases due to having more leisure time.
D) Many elderly report that they would like to have sex more than once a month.

Question 30

The theory that states that there is a natural limit to the human life expectancy (about 85 years) is called:

A) wear-and-tear theory
B) biological breakdown theory
C) life limit theory
D) none of these

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true regarding the elderly and cognitive function?

A) Older brains can rewire themselves to compensate for losses.
B) It is inevitable that all elderly people will suffer loss of cognitive function.
C) Disease has no effect on subsequent loss of cognitive function.
D) Depression has no effect on subsequent loss of cognitive function.

Question 32

Which of the following is a reason for the elderly doing poorly on measures of formal reasoning ability?

A) Older adults tend to personalize tasks.
B) Older adults tend to consider alternative ways to answer a question.
C) Older adults tend to examine affective and psychological components associated with a solution.
D) All of these

Question 33

The measured IQ of the population is:

A) decreasing
B) increasing
C) remaining stable
D) now declining after an increase 10 years ago

Question 34

The term death drop refers to:

A) an increased tendency to stumble and fall as one ages and approaches death
B) a marked intellectual decline that occurs a short time before a person dies
C) a decrease in the overall mortality or death rate in the general population
D) none of these

Question 35

Krystal is an older adult. She claims that lately she has difficulty remembering people's names. This is probably due to:

A) the fact that the pool of names she knows is now larger
B) diminished brain function in this area
C) names being more difficult to remember than other pieces of information
D) none of these

Question 36

The first phase in information processing is the process by which information is put into the memory system. This is called:

A) storage
B) encoding
C) decoding
D) retrieval

Question 37

The process by which information is retained in memory until it is needed comprises which phase of information processing?

A) storage
B) encoding
C) decoding
D) retrieval

Question 38

The process by which information is regathered from memory when it is required comprises which phase of information processing?

A) storage
B) encoding
C) decoding
D) retrieval

Question 39

Memory failure:

A) only occurs at the encoding stage of information processing
B) only occurs at the retrieval stage of information processing
C) only occurs at the storage stage of information processing
D) can occur at any of the stage of information processing

Question 40

According to the ___________ theory, forgetting is due to deterioration of the memory traces in the brain.

A) interference
B) decay
C) decomposition
D) deterioration

Question 41

____________ theory says that retrieval of a cue becomes less effective as more and newer items come to be classed or categorized in terms of it.

A) Interference
B) Obstruction
C) Hinderance
D) Obstacle

Question 42

Archie is considering taking an adult education class but thinks he might be too old to learn. Which of the following is true of older adults and learning?

A) It is impossible for older adults to learn because of memory problems.
B) Older people give the impression that they have learned even when they have not.
C) Older people learn better when material is presented at a rapid pace.
D) Older adults benefit from environments that allow more time to learn.

Question 43

Lilly is 74 years old. Her children and grandchildren have noticed a change in her personality as well as a decline in her intellectual abilities. She is unable to speak an entire sentence and has difficulty remembering. She seems confused and irritable most of the time. It is most likely that she is suffering from:

A) gerontolitis
B) ageism
C) senility
D) none of these

Question 44

When a blood vessel that carries nutrients and oxygen to the brain is blocked by a clot or bursts, the person experiences:

A) a seizure
B) a stroke
C) enuresis
D) dyspepsia

Question 45

Bertha's physician informs her that she has suffered a series of "little strokes" that have destroyed a small area of brain cells. This is called:

A) multiple sclerosis
B) multi-infarcts
C) pseudo-strokes
D) poly-strokes

Question 46

A progressive, degenerative disorder that involves deterioration of brain cells is known as:

A) multi-infarcts
B) stroke
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) dysfunctional disorder

Question 47

In the most severe stage of Alzheimer's disease, the person:

A) is no longer ambulatory
B) cannot perform self-care tasks
C) is likely mute
D) all of these

Question 48

According to the research cited in your textbook, Alzheimer's disease is more prevalent in:

A) Blacks and Hispanics
B) Whites and Asian Americans
C) Whites and Native Americans
D) Native Americans and Hispanics

Question 49

According to James Fowler's stages of faith development, what characterizes the fifth stage, Conjunctive Faith and the Interindividual Self?

A) the person appreciates diverse perspectives and the similarities of religions
B) separation of fantasy and real world, but meaning is carried and restricted by the narrative it occurs in
C) the person believes that everyone has basically the same received beliefs
D) commitment to selfless, universal goals

Question 50

Name at least three myths associated with aging and provide the facts that refute these myths.

Question 51

Describe the sensory changes that take place in older adults.

Question 52

Name and describe the three phases in information processing.

Question 53

What are the implications for the elderly in terms of their ability for learning?