Deck 14: Early Adulthood: Emotional and Social Development

Question 1

A(n) _________ tie is a social link formed when we commit ourselves to another person and a(n) ___________ tie is a social link that is formed when we cooperate with another person to achieve a limited goal.

A) expressive; instrumental
B) instrumental; expressive
C) emotional; influential
D) influential; emotional

Answer 1

expressive; instrumental

Question 2

Relationships that a person has with family, friends, and lovers are called:

A) private
B) social
C) primary
D) secondary

Answer 2

primary

Question 3

Although she does not know their names, Mabel always greets the grocery clerk, mail carrier, and gas station attendant. These are examples of __________ relationships.

A) public
B) social
C) primary
D) secondary

Answer 3

secondary

Question 4

George Vaillant and associates tested Erikson's stage theory and found that:

A) The stage theory is not valid for the majority of adult males.
B) Emotional maturity in males at younger ages had no effects on them in adulthood.
C) One man in six was still struggling in his 40s with issues typical of adolescence.
D) Adult males tend to follow a predictable and restrictive pattern of development.

Question 5

Which statement reflects the views of Daniel Levinson's stage theory of development?

A) A man must periodically restructure his life by creating a new structure or reappraising an old one.
B) Transition periods tend to take place at intervals of roughly every 20 years.
C) It is best for a man to make a life plan at an early age and adhere to it throughout the stages of his adulthood.
D) The need for transition periods is unhealthy and is a sign of weakness.

Question 6

Trevor is 19 years old and attends college outside the community where he grew up. Although he lives in the dorm during the school term, he returns home during the summers. He has a part-time job and is saving to afford his own apartment. According to Levinson's stages, Trevor is at:

A) Stage one: Leaving the Family
B) Stage two: Entering the Adult World
C) Stage three: Settling Down
D) Stage four: Becoming One's Own Man

Question 7

Ronald has finished his undergraduate degree and a year-long internship and has decided to go to graduate school. He is involved in a serious romantic relationship and has a full-time job. According to Levinson's stage theory, Ronald is most likely in which stage of development?

A) Stage one: Leaving the Family
B) Stage two: Entering the Adult World
C) Stage three: Settling Down
D) Stage four: Becoming One's Own Man

Question 8

The median age at which men marry today is:

A) 19
B) 23
C) 25
D) 28

Question 9

Wayne is 33 years old and has a wife and two children and a career in advertising. He has begun a savings account as well as a college fund for each of his children. He plans to continue in the advertising field and to pursue his educational goals in order to achieve promotions at his job. According to Levinson's stage theory of development, Wayne is probably at which stage?

A) Stage one: Leaving the Family
B) Stage two: Entering the Adult World
C) Stage three: Settling Down
D) Stage four: Becoming One's Own Man

Question 10

Larry is a 39-year-old college professor. Although he is a full professor with tenure, he believes the college administrators are thwarting his efforts to reform his department and are pressuring him to pursue a certain line of research. According to Levinson's stage theory of development, Larry is probably at which stage?

A) Stage one: Leaving the Family
B) Stage two: Entering the Adult World
C) Stage three: Settling Down
D) Stage four: Becoming One's Own Man

Question 11

Research on the phases of adult female development has shown:

A) Men and women follow a similar pattern of adult development.
B) Women today are more likely to follow a variety of paths.
C) Intimacy is not an important factor in female development.
D) Female development closely approximates Erikson's stages.

Question 12

A change in the way adult female development is viewed today is associated with:

A) The fact that most women are stay-at-home moms, so childbearing is of primary importance.
B) The fact that most women will at some point enter the workforce, which plays an important role in women's identity.
C) With more children attending college, the empty nest syndrome has become the most important turning point in a woman's life.
D) As the divorce rate rises, first divorce is viewed as a major marker in a woman's life.

Question 13

The three elements of passion, intimacy, and commitment are components of:

A) Levinson's stage theory of development
B) Gilligan's theory of women's development
C) Sternberg's triangular theory of love
D) Mogul's theory of stock taking

Question 14

Bart is "head over heels" in love with Emily, but when he tells her this, Emily responds that she loves him as a friend and is not "in love" with him. She prefers to remain friends. Emily feels ____________ love for Bart.

A) triangular
B) false
C) companionate
D) empty

Question 15

The kind of love that only evokes passion is called:

A) nonlove
B) companionate
C) infatuation
D) romantic

Question 16

A relationship that has intimacy and passion but lacks commitment is called ______________ love.

A) nonlove
B) companionate
C) infatuation
D) romantic

Question 17

Emme and Philip both describe their relationship as having passion, intimacy, and commitment. According to Sternberg's theory their relationship can be described as:

A) romantic love
B) companionate love
C) fatuous love
D) consummate love

Question 18

According to the research cited in your textbook, marrying one's great love:

A) is not associated with greater happiness in marriage
B) is associated with marital duration and satisfaction
C) is associated with higher rates of divorce
D) is no different than marrying someone else

Question 19

The overall pattern of living whereby we attempt to meet our biological, social, and emotional needs is known as:

A) lifeways
B) life patterns
C) lifestyle
D) relationships

Question 20

Sharon and Arthur share a trusting, supportive, and tender relationship. The experience they share is called:

A) intimacy
B) social relations
C) lifestyle
D) secondary relationship

Question 21

A major step in the transition to adulthood is leaving the family home. In the past this usually came about because of:

A) crowded conditions
B) getting married
C) a family feud
D) cheap housing

Question 22

The pattern in the United States and many Western nations today is toward:

A) leaving the parental home at younger ages than in the past
B) marrying earlier yet choosing to live with the parents of one of the spouses
C) people aged 18 to 34 staying in the parental home as the primary residence
D) people aged 18 to 34 living on their own in communities composed mostly of young people

Question 23

According to 2009 data cited in your textbook, the percentage of 18- to 34-year-olds never married is about:

A) 66 percent male and 50 percent female
B) 50 percent male and 66 percent female
C) 50 percent male and 50 percent female
D) 40 percent male and 30 percent female

Question 24

Which of the following are reasons young adults decide to stay single?

A) too much past dating experience
B) concerns about divorce and separation
C) not looking for the perfect mate at the moment
D) wish to continue school

Question 25

Which of the following do married people benefit from which single adults don't get to benefit?

A) income-tax policies
B) increased earnings
C) benefits packages
D) all of these

Question 26

Since 1960, the rates of cohabitation have:

A) declined slightly
B) declined sharply
C) increased sharply
D) remained the same

Question 27

Alana and Michael are living together. If they decide to marry, compared to couples who marry without cohabitating, their relationship is more likely:

A) to end in divorce
B) to continue in a happier marriage
C) to produce happier children if they stay cohabiting
D) none of these

Question 28

Mary Ann and Joe have been living together for six years and have decided to separate. If they are like most unmarried couples who separate, it is likely that:

A) the process will be much simpler and the emotional trauma less severe than that experienced by divorcing couples
B) the process and emotional trauma will be similar to that of divorcing couples
C) there will be a shorter period of adjustment
D) none of these

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT true of an arranged marriage in Western countries?

A) It can lead to a high quality, stable marriage
B) The couple will be accepted by the family.
C) An immigrating spouse may want to immigrate more than be committed to the marriage.
D) If the couple objects to an arranged marriage, it will be accepted by the family.

Question 30

According to your textbook, which of the following statements is true regarding sexual orientation?

A) Sexual orientation in all people is clearly delineated as homosexual or heterosexual.
B) Sexual orientation is a matter of "either/or"; there are no degrees of variation.
C) Some individuals show varying degrees of orientation, including bisexuality.
D) Orientation is fixed at birth and never changes for all people.

Question 31

A lifestyle practice that exists in all contemporary societies is:

A) polyandry
B) polygyny
C) bigamy
D) marriage

Question 32

The practice of one man having two or more wives is called:

A) polyandry
B) polygyny
C) group marriage
D) serial monogamy

Question 33

The Todas are a non-Hindu tribe living in India. When marriage takes place among the Toda it is understood that the woman becomes the wife of the groom and also his brothers. This practice is called:

A) polyandry
B) polygyny
C) group marriage
D) serial monogamy

Question 34

According to the information in your textbook, the highest known risk factor for divorce is:

A) marrying later in life
B) marrying as a teenager
C) marrying a college graduate
D) marrying outside of one's religion

Question 35

What event signals that a couple is entering into the traditional family cycle?

A) marriage
B) engagement
C) pregnancy with a first child
D) birth of a first son

Question 36

Susie has become pregnant for the first time. She is now likely to:

A) reflect on her long-term marriage plans
B) reflect on her long-term career plans
C) reconsider her sense of identity
D) all of these

Question 37

Which of the following is a developmental task confronting a pregnant woman?

A) She must create clear and independent boundaries as part of her sense of self.
B) She must bond with extended family.
C) She must ensure that the father accepts the pregnancy.
D) She must begin to develop an emotional attachment to her unborn child.

Question 38

Psychologists and sociologists who view the family as an integrated system of roles and statuses have often depicted the onset of parenthood as a:

A) crisis
B) developmental hurdle
C) stage
D) developmental task

Question 39

The arrival of a baby can:

A) cause a modest decline in the overall quality and intimacy of married life
B) increase a couple's sense of partnership
C) create stress
D) all of the above

Question 40

Irene delivered her baby three days ago. She was unprepared for feeling hopeless and sad and is suffering from crying spells. She is having difficulty sleeping and has lost her appetite. Irene is probably experiencing

A) Couvade syndrome
B) baby blues
C) parental helplessness
D) transitional depression

Question 41

Many medical experts believe that depressive reactions after childbirth could be due to:

A) lack of a support system
B) metabolic readjustment to a non-pregnant state
C) psychological adjustment to a new role
D) all of the above

Question 42

Evenson and Simon found that parents reported ___________ depression than people who were not parents.

A) less
B) more
C) equal
D) more for women and less for men

Question 43

Which of the following statements is (are) true about lesbian parents?

A) They reported greater sexual and interpersonal satisfaction than childless lesbian couples.
B) They tend to divide child care and housework more equitably than other couples.
C) They may feel a need to overachieve due to societal disapproval and homophobia.
D) All of these are true.

Question 44

According to your textbook, when parents divorce it may affect the children in which of the following ways?

A) more likely themselves to divorce
B) decreased capacity for intimacy
C) effects carry over into young adulthood
D) all of these

Question 45

According to the statistics cited in your textbook, the percent of unmarried women giving birth is about:

A) 20 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 50 percent

Question 46

According to a study cited in your textbook, one of the factors that led to a negative effect on parenting for single parents was:

A) loneliness
B) financial strain
C) lack of time for child care
D) none of these

Question 47

In the United States, the number of men who are single parents has:

A) decreased dramatically
B) decreased slightly
C) remained stable
D) increased

Question 48

According to your textbook, single-parent fathers are best able to cope with:

A) their children's emotional needs
B) their daughters' sexual behavior
C) shopping, cooking, and cleaning
D) their children's temper tantrums

Question 49

Family adjustment to immigration depends on:

A) language fluency
B) educational level
C) country of origin
D) all of these

Question 50

In addition to economic remuneration, work provides:

A) a structure for one's time
B) a context in which to relate to others
C) a sense of identity and self-worth
D) all of these

Question 51

Joan refers to her ___________ as providing independence in the greater society and greater self-worth.

A) paid job
B) volunteer work
C) household work
D) right to vote

Question 52

According to research cited in your textbook, employed women:

A) are no longer the primary housekeepers in most families
B) are still the primary parents and primary housekeepers
C) share housekeeping and parenting equally with their partners
D) none of these

Question 53

Wanda has four children and a full-time job. Her husband expects her to take care of all the house cleaning and activities associated with caring for the children, as well as arranging for entertaining his business clients. Lately Wanda's husband has been complaining that she doesn't look as attractive as she did when they first met. Wanda is most likely suffering from:

A) role conflict
B) role overload
C) guilt complexes
D) role fulfillment

Question 54

Human beings are tied to each other through social relationships. Name, describe, and provide examples for the two most common ties.

Question 55

Name and describe Erikson's stage of psychosocial development that confronts young adults.

Question 56

One of the major steps toward adulthood is when a person leaves the parental home. Describe this step and explain how and why it has changed over the years.

Question 57

Describe some of the difficulties faced by women in terms of their roles and workloads and give examples.