Deck 13: Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

A new developmental stage has been proposed. It spans the ages 18 through 25 and is a time that involves greater exploration of possibilities in work, love, and worldviews. What is this stage is called?

A) emerging adulthood
B) post-adolescence
C) late adolescence
D) evolving adulthood

Answer 1

emerging adulthood

Question 2

The age cohort consisting of about 78 million adults who experienced events such as the Vietnam War, the protest movement, and Woodstock is known as:

A) Generation X
B) baby boomers
C) the Silent Generation
D) the Millennials

Answer 2

baby boomers

Question 3

The age cohort born from 1965 to the early 1980s that generally shares an acceptance of diversity in regard to race, ethnicity, family structure, sexual orientation, and lifestyle, and of whom more than 40 percent spent time in a single-parent home, is called:

A) Generation X
B) the Silent Generation
C) baby boomers
D) the Millennials

Answer 3

Generation X

Question 4

The age cohort born between the early 1980s and 2000s that is generally characterized as sheltered, achievement oriented, and conventional is known as:

A) Generation X
B) the Silent Generation
C) baby boomers
D) Millennials

Question 5

The set of changes that occurs in the structure and functioning of the human organism over time is called:

A) social aging
B) biological aging
C) transition points
D) social norms

Question 6

The set of changes in an individual's assumption and relinquishment of roles over time is called:

A) social aging
B) biological aging
C) transition points
D) social norms

Question 7

Beliefs that a person should not cut ahead in line at the grocery store, and that one should say "Please" and "Thank you" are examples of:

A) normally sanctioned behavior
B) age norms
C) transition points
D) social norms

Question 8

Social norms that define what is appropriate for people to be and to do at various ages are termed:

A) normally sanctioned behavior
B) age norms
C) transition points
D) social norms

Question 9

At age 42 Angela has not yet started a family or gotten married. She feels that she is late with regard to these events according to her age. The reason Angela feels this way is due to her:

A) transition points
B) social clock
C) timing sequence
D) developmental delay

Question 10

According to your textbook, which of the following statements is true concerning social class and the pace of the social clock?

A) The lower the socioeconomic class, the later events such as getting a job, starting a family, and getting married tend to be.
B) The higher the socioeconomic class, the later events such as getting a job, starting a family, and getting married tend to be.
C) Socioeconomic class is not a factor in the timing of events such as getting a job, starting a family, and getting married.
D) None of these is true.

Question 11

Gladys and Norman are in their 70s, yet they are physically active, enjoying outdoor activities such as hiking and bicycling. They are financially well off and are also active in their community. Gladys and Norman would be considered to be __________ by Neugarten and Neugarten.

A) in transition
B) old-old
C) young-old
D) emerging-old

Question 12

The peak years for speed and agility are from:

A) 10 to 14
B) 15 to 17
C) 18 to 30
D) 30 to 35

Question 13

According to the statistics cited in your textbook, what percent of people in the United States did not have health insurance in 2009?

A) 6 percent
B) 12 percent
C) 16 percent
D) 22 percent

Question 14

Why are 25% of young adults likely to be uninsured?

A) They believe they are and will remain healthy.
B) They believe the cost of healthcare is low enough to pay when needed.
C) They expect their employers to pay the full premium.
D) All of these.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Employers can lose more work days from sickness in young adults than in older adults.
B) The leading cause of death among young adults is from disease.
C) Work-related accidents account for the majority of the accidental deaths among young adults.
D) Exercise makes little difference in the health of young adults.

Question 16

Most health experts recommend which of the following for cardiovascular fitness?

A) a quick-start, strenuous program of daily exercise for at least 45 minutes per day
B) 20 minutes vigorous exercise 3x/week
C) eliminating all saturated fat, refined sugar and flour, and insoluble fiber from the diet
D) engaging in a regular program of receiving intensive cardiovascular massage therapy

Question 17

Claire is discussing contraception with her health-care professional. She says that she is using oral contraceptives. The health-care provider might suggest that she use condoms. Why?

A) because they will protect against STI transmission
B) because they are more convenient than oral contraceptives
C) because they are more reliable than oral contraceptives
D) because they are less expensive than oral contraceptives

Question 18

According to the statistics cited in your textbook, how many people worldwide are estimated to be living with AIDS?

A) over 1 million
B) over 6 million
C) over 26 million
D) over 33 million

Question 19

U.S. women are most likely to contract HIV/AIDS from:

A) high-risk heterosexual contact
B) injection drug use
C) female to female contact
D) unsanitary contact in public areas

Question 20

According to the research cited in your textbook, about what percent of U.S. college students admitted that they had engaged in binge drinking?

A) 10
B) 25
C) 40
D) 80

Question 21

According to the research cited in your textbook, which of the following relates to depression in women?

A) poverty
B) low social status
C) the double burden of child care and housework
D) all of these

Question 22

Hereditary predispositions to psychological disorders are most probably due to a defect in:

A) the encoding in some brain receptors
B) the metabolism of lipids and proteins
C) the function of the pituitary gland
D) the function of the lymphatic system

Question 23

John and Martina are both feeling stressed. If they follow typical gender patterns, what type of coping strategies would you expect from each of them?

A) John would be more likely than Martina to develop stress-related disorders.
B) Martina would be more likely than John to develop stress-related disorders.
C) Martina would be less likely to cope via physical contact and social support.
D) Both John and Martina would be as likely to develop stress-related disorders.

Question 24

Leila is a person who describes herself as open to change. She reports that she is happily involved with her family life and her work. She feels a sense of control over events in her life even if there are a few bumps on the way. A psychologist would expect Leila to exhibit what characteristic?

A) stubbornness
B) hardiness
C) resentment
D) stress

Question 25

When stress comes from positive events it is called:

A) stress
B) distress
C) eustress
D) nothing; stress is not created from positive events

Question 26

Common daily stressors such as getting a flat tire or looking for something that is lost are:

A) hassles
B) eustress
C) negative perceptions
D) daily life

Question 27

Adults under stress who are sleeping less than six hours per night may develop problems with:

A) physical health
B) mental health
C) performance
D) all of these

Question 28

Adults who say they feel little or no stress tend to have:

A) a positive attitude toward change
B) involvement in meaningful activity
C) good self-esteem and social support
D) all of these

Question 29

Psychologists who study stress have concluded that it resides neither in the individual nor in the situation alone but in:

A) the person's unique genetic composition
B) the impact of some environmental factors
C) how the person perceives a particular event
D) the individual's social and income levels

Question 30

A problem for college students of all ages who experience stress is that they:

A) earn lower grades as a result
B) cope in unhealthy ways
C) are over-confident
D) spend too much time in college activities outside of class

Question 31

Once the body is mobilized for action to deal with stress, if no measure of equilibrium is restored, the body can enter a stage of _____________ in which physiological function is impaired to the point of illness or death.

A) exhaustion
B) fight
C) flight
D) resistance

Question 32

The highest suicide rates of 15- to 24-year-olds are among:

A) African Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) Native Americans
D) White Americans

Question 33

Which of the following issues are related to same-sex unions?

A) child custody
B) inheritance
C) health coverage
D) all of these

Question 34

Which of the following is a characteristic of post-formal operational thought?

A) believing that knowledge is absolute and not relativistic
B) rejecting the contradictions that are normally contained in life
C) rejecting the existence of mutually incompatible systems of knowledge
D) finding an encompassing whole to organize one's experience

Question 35

Psychologist Robert J. Sternberg has studied the step-by-step mental operations that people use to tackle intellectual tasks. This is called:

A) mental imaging
B) information processing
C) mental models
D) intellectual assessment

Question 36

According to Sternberg, the best problem solvers:

A) encode information more quickly
B) spend more time on encoding
C) do not consciously think about the problem
D) employ guesswork strategies

Question 37

William Perry's developmental progression of cognitive development in college students suggests that first-year students would be more likely to think in ___________ terms; as they progress they might employ ____________ in their thinking; and as they reach the end of their college career they will be more likely to engage in ____________ thinking.

A) multiplicity; dualistic; relativistic
B) dualistic; multiplicity; relativistic
C) multiplicity; relativistic; dualistic
D) relativistic; dualistic; multiplicity

Question 38

Maryanne is 24 years old with a family. She is running late on her way home from class and notices there are few cars on the road and no police officers. She thinks about speeding, but she then decides not to because it doesn't uphold the law. Maryanne is currently functioning at which stage of moral development?

A) Postconventional
B) Preconventional
C) Ethic of care
D) Formal operational

Question 39

In response to Kohlberg's research findings regarding moral dilemmas, Carol Gilligan found that:

A) men and women take different approaches to dealing with moral dilemmas
B) women are less morally developed according to Kohlberg's stages than men
C) men are less morally developed than women according to Kohlberg's stages
D) none of these is correct

Question 40

According to Carol Gilligan, men define moral problems in terms of an ___________ and women define moral problems in terms of an ________.

A) ethic of justice; ethic of care
B) ethic of care; ethic of justice
C) ethic of action; ethic of peace
D) ethic of concern; ethic of helping

Question 41

____________, common in the Millenial generation, contrasts with the view that there are some behaviors that are right or wrong for the common good called ____________.

A) Postconventional morals; care
B) Moral relativism; dualism
C) Dualism; conservatism
D) Liberalism; extremists

Question 42

Describe, compare, and contrast Generation X and the Millennial generation.

Question 43

Define age norms and the social clock. What influence does the social clock have on a person's behavior and self-concept?

Question 44

What are life events and how might they affect a person's development? Give an example.

Question 45

Define and describe binge drinking and discuss the effects it has on young people.

Question 46

What is the function of stress in a person's life? What are some of the gender differences reported in the way men and women handle stress?