Deck 11: Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

The period in the life cycle when sexual and reproductive maturation become evident is called:

A) maturation
B) preadolescence
C) puberty
D) growth spurt

Answer 1

puberty

Question 2

Michael is 18 and has not yet entered puberty. This is most likely due to a malfunctioning of his:

A) cerebral cortex
B) pineal gland
C) pituitary gland
D) spleen

Answer 2

pituitary gland

Question 3

Changes in the brains of adolescents lead to which of the following?

A) improved speed of neural transmission
B) increased overall size of the brain itself
C) decrease in size of the corpus callosum
D) decrease in the size of the temporal lobe

Answer 3

improved speed of neural transmission

Question 4

Sixteen-year-old Geena is finding that her sleep needs are changing. Most likely these changes will include:

A) a decrease in the number of hours needed
B) an increase in the number of hours needed
C) a tendency to fall asleep earlier
D) a tendency to wake up earlier

Question 5

A brain disorder that is characterized by disordered thinking, hallucinations, delusions, unusual speech, or paranoid behavior and social withdrawal that affects people during later adolescence is:

A) brain aneurism
B) Parkinson's disease
C) schizophrenia
D) Lou Gehrig's disease

Question 6

According to the research cited in your textbook, early pubertal maturation in girls is correlated with:

A) fewer low-birth-weight babies
B) lower rates of teen pregnancy
C) decreased likelihood of substance abuse
D) none of these

Question 7

The theory stating that some young mothers have responded to a pattern in human evolution which induces individuals who grow up with insecure attachment to bear children early and often is the ___________ theory.

A) evolutionary
B) ethological
C) ecological
D) behavioral

Question 8

The adolescent growth spurt tends to occur:

A) earlier in girls than in boys
B) earlier in boys than in girls
C) at the same time in boys and girls
D) only among certain ethnic groups

Question 9

Fifteen-year-old Marly seems to be all legs. She has become self-conscious because of her recent clumsiness and misjudgment of distances, which cause her to bump into things and knock over furniture. Marly is probably experiencing what type of growth?

A) cephalocaudal
B) asynchronous
C) atypical
D) motor

Question 10

The growth of the heart during puberty:

A) occurs rapidly, almost doubling its weight
B) typically takes place slowly and gradually
C) stops as it has already reached adult size
D) none of these

Question 11

Alyssa has just experienced her first menstrual period. This is known as:

A) ovulation
B) menarche
C) menopause
D) PMS

Question 12

According to research cited in your textbook, earlier onset of menarche is probably due to:

A) increased caloric consumption
B) increased levels of activity
C) increased cognitive functioning
D) increased sanitation procedures

Question 13

Changes in body shape between boys and girls during puberty result in:

A) girls developing more muscle while boys develop more fat
B) female pelvis enlargement and male shoulder enlargement
C) male pelvis enlargement
D) all of these

Question 14

According to the research cited in your textbook, boys who perceived themselves to be late maturers tended to exhibit:

A) feelings of inadequacy
B) negative self-concept
C) feelings of rejection
D) all of these

Question 15

The practice of female genital mutilation:

A) is currently outlawed all over the world
B) is now outlawed in Western countries
C) is currently still legal in the United States
D) is no longer considered a public health issue

Question 16

According to the research cited in your textbook, which girls would be more likely to develop symptoms such as depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and disruptive behavior?

A) those who had later puberty
B) those who had early puberty
C) those who had insecure attachment
D) those who had the most siblings

Question 17

Katie thinks of food as having a detrimental effect on her body and therefore eats very little. She is terrified of getting fat so she exercises for 3 hours each day. Most likely, Katie is suffering from:

A) enuresis
B) anorexia
C) bulimia
D) dialectical thinking

Question 18

According to the research cited in your textbook, young African American women in the United States:

A) have similar views regarding their bodies and body image as young white women
B) have lower obesity rates than young white women
C) have a higher percentage of bulimia nervosa than young white women
D) express satisfaction with their bodies less than young white women

Question 19

The most common eating disorder in the United States is:

A) obesity
B) underweight
C) bulimia
D) anorexia

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true of obesity?

A) Obesity in adolescence is more strongly linked to health risks than being overweight in adulthood.
B) Onset of obesity in adolescence is linked to greater morbidity and mortality than adult onset of obesity.
C) In addition to health effects, obesity also has social and economic consequences.
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 21

If left untreated, anorexia can contribute to:

A) osteoporosis
B) heart problems
C) infertility
D) all of these

Question 22

Patty goes through episodes of binging on chips, pretzels, cupcakes, and chocolates. She takes laxatives and purges the food by inducing vomiting. Patty is most likely suffering from:

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia
C) enuresis
D) none of these

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true of anorexia and bulimia?

A) Anorexia affects a wider range of people.
B) Bulimics are usually very underweight.
C) Bulimia affects a wider range of people.
D) Bulimia affects only women, not men.

Question 24

According to the survey cited in your textbook, what percent of high school students reported that they smoked tobacco?

A) 2-9
B) 9-26
C) 26-39
D) 39-52

Question 25

Which of the following statements regarding binge drinking is true?

A) More females reported binge drinking.
B) Asians and blacks have the highest rates of alcohol consumption.
C) Binge drinking is highest among 18- to 21-year-olds.
D) Whites and American Indians had the lowest rates of alcohol use.

Question 26

About 50% of 12^th grade respondents surveyed indicate never using illicit drugs; 25% reported they never used alcohol. This probably indicates:

A) they lied
B) more of the respondents use illicit drugs than alcohol
C) they do not understand that alcohol is an illicit drug for 12^th graders
D) they are being responsible in their use of alcohol

Question 27

Doris has just been diagnosed with gonorrhea. She asks her health-care professional what causes gonorrhea. She is told that it is caused by:

A) a parasitic infection
B) a viral infection
C) a bacterial infection
D) a mutated cell

Question 28

Which of the following statement is true regarding teens and sex?

A) More teens engage in oral sex because they mistakenly believe it is more acceptable and less risky.
B) More teens engage in vaginal sex because they mistakenly believe it is more acceptable and less risky.
C) Most teens do not use condoms.
D) U.S. teens have the lowest rates of gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia of the sexually active populations.

Question 29

According to the statistics cited in your textbook, between 1990 to 2005 in the U.S.:

A) Birth rates for teens were lower than other developed countries.
B) Birth rates for teens have decreased.
C) Birth rates for teens have remained relatively stable over the years.
D) Birth rates for teens have fluctuated with no overall trend reported.

Question 30

According to the 2009 research cited in your textbook, among sexually active adolescents in their last sexual intercourse:

A) about 1/3 of males used condoms
B) about 2/3 of males used condoms
C) about 25% of females' partners did not use condoms
D) about 10% of males and females did not use condoms

Question 31

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) You cannot catch HIV if you only have oral sex.
B) HIV is caused by a virus.
C) Most teens do not know how to avoid STIs.
D) You can catch HIV even if you have heterosexual sex.

Question 32

The discharge of pus or mucus from chlamydia or gonorrhea and the ulcers from syphilis or genital herpes increase the risk of:

A) contracting skin disease
B) transmission of HIV
C) contracting cancer
D) heart attack

Question 33

Sixteen-year-old Bart is getting a tattoo. Which of the following could be a reason for him to engage in body art?

A) to demonstrate social identity
B) to commemorate a special event
C) to be entertained
D) all of these

Question 34

Nicole is thinking of having her body pierced. Her physician advises against it because she risks:

A) hepatitis B
B) tetanus
C) skin infection
D) all of these

Question 35

According to the statistics cited in your textbook, adolescent rates of "seriously considering suicide" over the past decade have:

A) increased to nearly 20%
B) decreased to 12-18%
C) remained the same at about 10%
D) decreased to 2%

Question 36

What is the major cause of death for adolescents?

A) heart disease
B) driving accidents
C) assault (homicide)
D) suicide

Question 37

According to Piaget, adolescence is the final and highest stage in the development of cognitive functioning from infancy to adulthood. It is called the period of:

A) concrete operations
B) formal operations
C) operant thinking
D) cognitive operations

Question 38

Rudy has borrowed his father's car for the evening. His buddies are trying to tempt him into staying out past his curfew. Rudy explains that if he stays out later than his curfew he will be grounded for a month without car privileges. Rudy decides it isn't worth the risk of losing his father's trust. What type of thinking is Rudy engaging in?

A) instrumental
B) concrete operational
C) formal operational
D) none of these

Question 39

According to the research cited in your textbook, adolescents take other people's point of view to an extreme degree. This most often results in what type of behavior?

A) grossly exaggerated sympathy
B) extreme feelings of empathy
C) extreme self-consciousness
D) behaviors of selflessness

Question 40

Barbara is 15 years old. Her boyfriend has just broken up with her because he feels they are incompatible. Barbara feels none of her friends will be able to understand her pain, even though most of them have undergone breakups. She thinks, "Their breakups were completely different from mine. They didn't feel the kind of love I do. Nobody has ever been hurt this way. They couldn't possibly understand how I'm suffering!" This is:

A) a personal fable
B) an imaginative tale
C) a romantic story
D) an autobiographical narrative

Question 41

Amanda takes two hours to get dressed and apply makeup every day. She believes that everyone she encounters is watching and taking note of her wardrobe, hairstyle, and makeup. Despite her mother's comments that nobody cares that much about her appearance, Amanda is convinced that she must maintain her appearance for the sake of others. Amanda's belief refers to:

A) the imaginary audience
B) the personal fable
C) her realistic thinking
D) her performance anxiety

Question 42

Around her parents, Fiona is often depressed and sarcastic; with friends, she is caring and cheerful; and with her boyfriend, she is fun-loving and flirtatious. As an adolescent, Fiona is probably:

A) suffering from dissociative identity disorder, also called multiple personality disorder
B) a normal teen who manifests different aspects of herself in different social situations
C) depressed and trying to get more attention presenting a variety of different behaviors
D) highly imaginative and disingenuous, and experimenting with a variety of attributes

Question 43

According to the research cited in your textbook from the Chicago Longitudinal Study, teenagers who had participated in Head Start programs when they were preschoolers and had three or more years of follow-up intervention services:

A) showed no difference in achievement from at-risk students who had not participated
B) had significantly higher reading achievement in the seventh grade
C) had lower reading achievement in the seventh grade
D) were more likely to be held back a grade

Question 44

The purpose of the Even Start program is:

A) to help young mothers earn a high school diploma while learning effective parenting skills
B) to nurture and stimulate infants and preschool children of teenagers in a setting close to the mother's school
C) to nurture the self-esteem of a young mother and her child and develop her abilities and talents
D) all of these

Question 45

Since the No Child Left Behind 2001 legislation:

A) students in 4^th and 8^th grade had higher scores in 2007
B) students in 4^th and 8^th grade showed more improvement than 12^th graders
C) SAT scores showed little improvement in 2010
D) all of these

Question 46

In the contemporary classroom, what effect does computer access have on learning?

A) Students find that it is a distraction which interferes with their learning.
B) It is less interesting to most students than the reading of textbooks alone.
C) It is more frustrating for students due to their lack of technical expertise.
D) It helps students engage more in assignments and collaborative projects.

Question 47

The use of computers for learning is important because:

A) more occupations require the use of computers
B) it enables distance learning options
C) it allows access to journals and other sources of information
D) all of these

Question 48

The researcher who developed a six-stage model of moral thought is:

A) Jean Piaget
B) Erik Erikson
C) Lawrence Kohlberg
D) Lev Vygotsky

Question 49

James Fowler developed a stage theory of faith called faith development theory. According to Fowler, the stages of faith development are:

A) sequential, invariant, and hierarchical
B) nonsequential but not highly variable
C) highly variable but still hierarchical
D) sequential, invariant, and nonhierarchical

Question 50

According to psychologist Joseph Adelson, the most important factor in determining the course of political thought in adolescence is:

A) sex
B) social class
C) culture
D) cognitive development

Question 51

The difference between the political thinking of younger and older adolescents is:

A) younger adolescents have trouble with abstract notions of justice, equality, and liberty
B) younger adolescents view the political universe in more flexible and changeable terms
C) younger adolescents find it easier to deal with historical causes and future implications
D) preadolescents are less one-sided in their views toward lawbreakers than older teens

Question 52

What are the physical changes that are expected in girls and in boys during puberty? Briefly describe these changes and how girls and boys differ in their physical development.

Question 53

What is meant by asynchrony and how is it evident in adolescents?

Question 54

What impact do early maturation and late maturation have on children?

Question 55

What are the major characteristics of the formal operations stage of development?

Question 56

Describe some of the characteristics of adolescent moral development.