Deck 4: Birth and the Newborn

Question 1

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Active phase

Answer 1

The second phase of labor, with increasingly painful contractions coming more frequently as the cervix opens.

Question 2

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Analgesic medication

Answer 2

Drugs that reduce pain without eliminating it.

Question 3

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Anesthetic medication

Answer 3

Drugs that eliminate pain by blocking nerves that send pain signals to the brain.

Question 4

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Apgar Score

Question 5

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Assessment of Preterm Infants' Behavior (APIB)

Question 6

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Birth doula

Question 7

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

Question 8

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Breech presentation

Question 9

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Certified nurse-midwife (CNM)

Question 10

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Cesarean delivery

Question 11

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Dilatation

Question 12

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Effacement

Question 13

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM)

Question 14

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Episiotomy

Question 15

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Labor induction

Question 16

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Latent phase

Question 17

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Low birthweight (LBW)

Question 18

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Macrosomic birth

Question 19

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Neonate

Question 20

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Question 21

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS)

Question 22

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Obstetrician

Question 23

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Premature rupture of membranes (PROM)

Question 24

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Preterm

Question 25

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Reflexes

Question 26

What is the definition of the following terms?
-States of arousal

Question 27

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Very preterm

Question 28

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Very low birthweight (VLBW)

Question 29

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Vertex position

Question 30

The first stage of labor is triggered

A) at approximately 290 days after conception
B) by premature rupture of the membranes (PROM)
C) by hormones produced by the placenta
D) at the end of the process known as effacement

Question 31

For the mother, the most painful stage of childbirth is usually

A) the first stage - latent phase
B) the first stage - active phase
C) the second stage - delivery of the infant
D) the third stage - placental expulsion

Question 32

If Maria's delivery proceeds normally,

A) her baby will be born in the head-first vertex position
B) the third stage - expulsion of the placenta -- will be the most painful
C) her baby will emerge feet first
D) the placenta will be reabsorbed by her body during the month after her baby is born

Question 33

A birth that occurs before 37 weeks gestation is referred to as

A) breech
B) vertex
C) preterm
D) prolonged

Question 34

All of the following statements about neonatal intensive care are correct except

A) it has led to higher survival rates for preterm infants
B) it has lowered the rate of preterm birth
C) new, more effective methods were introduced in the 1970s and 1980s
D) it is less effective at saving infants born at 24 weeks than those born at 25 weeks

Question 35

All of the following statements about birthweight in the United States are correct except

A) the average birthweight is approximately 7 ½ pounds
B) low birthweight is defined as a birthweight equal to or less than 2,500 grams (5 ½ pounds)
C) macrosomic births are those involving newborns who weigh less than 1,500 grams (3 ¼ pounds)
D) the incidence of low birthweight varies as a function of race/ethnicity

Question 36

The highest rate of low birthweight is found among

A) African Americans
B) nonHispanic whites
C) Hispanics/Latinos
D) Asian Americans

Question 37

Which of the following has changed the most since the 1970s?

A) the rate of births of twins and other multiples
B) the rate of preterm births
C) the average age of first-time fathers
D) the rate of singleton births

Question 38

The rate of preterm births is highest among which group?

A) American Indians
B) Asian Americans
C) African Americans
D) Hispanics/Latinos

Question 39

All of the following have contributed to the increased rate of twin and multiple births except

A) assisted reproductive technology (ART)
B) fertility enhancing drugs
C) maternal age
D) paternal age

Question 40

Sam was born 30 weeks postconception. Compared with babies born full term, he faces an increased risk for all of the following except

A) neurological impairments
B) cerebral palsy
C) developmental delays for learning to crawl and achieve other motor milestones
D) reactive attachment disorder

Question 41

After several years of infertility, Bruce and Ellen decide to use assisted reproductive technology (ART) to become pregnant. When they meet with their obstetrician, she is likely to advise Bruce and Ellen

A) to expect no more than one successful pregnancy from ART, since it is still so experimental
B) that multiple-gestation pregnancies produced with ART are more likely than their naturally achieved counterparts to have complications involving the placenta or amniotic sac
C) to use the oldest donor eggs that are available
D) that ART increases the odds that they will have twins or even triplets

Question 42

All of the following are associated with increased rates of birth-related complications except

A) higher birth rates among women in their late thirties and early forties
B) the introduction of assisted reproductive technology (ART)
C) an increase in the rate of postdate births
D) an increase in the survival rate for preterm births

Question 43

All of the following rates have increased since the 1980s except

A) induction of labor
B) cesarean delivery
C) episiotomy
D) maternal age at first birth

Question 44

All of the following statements about cesarean deliveries in the United States are true except

A) rates have decreased since the 1970s
B) vaginal births after cesarean (VBAC) are no longer recommended
C) rates have increased for all racial/ethnic groups
D) rates are higher for older women than for younger women

Question 45

Which of the following is least likely to be present and assist at a birth?

A) a doula
B) an obstetrician
C) a certified nurse-midwife
D) a pediatrician

Question 46

Giving birth in a hospital

A) is the norm in most parts of the world
B) accounts for 50 percent of births in the United States
C) is the location of choice for 99 percent of U.S. parents giving birth
D) has been replaced by home births in a number of developed countries, including the Netherlands

Question 47

Which of the following is considered a risky procedure for most mothers and babies?

A) water birth
B) home birth
C) birth attended by a certified nurse-midwife
D) cesarean delivery

Question 48

All of the following are considered safe childbirth options for low-risk pregnancies and deliveries except giving birth

A) at home
B) in a freestanding birth center
C) in a hospital
D) while submerged

Question 49

All of the following offer pain relief to a woman in labor except

A) analgesics
B) electronic fetal monitoring
C) anesthetics
D) epidurals

Question 50

Deanna's due date is December 29^th, but if the baby does not arrive by the 30^th, Deanna will ask her doctor to induce labor so that she and her husband can claim a tax deduction in the current year instead of having to wait until the next year. Her obstetrician is likely to give all of the following responses except

A) "Induced labors tend to have more complications than those that occur spontaneously."
B) "Induced labor rates have dropped, and almost no doctors perform this procedure any more."
C) "Elective induction is not recommended because we might be wrong about your baby's due date and gestational age."
D) "Elective induction might not work if your cervix is not ready; it might even result in a cesarean delivery."

Question 51

If Jackie's childbirth experience is similar to the majority of births in the United States today, it will

A) not involve electronic fetal monitoring
B) be induced
C) be a cesarean delivery
D) be attended by an obstetrician

Question 52

Carmen wants to reduce feelings of pain during childbirth without losing the ability to feel or move her legs. She will probably choose _____.

A) analgesic medication
B) a spinal block
C) an epidural
D) hypnosis and other relaxation techniques

Question 53

In the _____, the newborn's color, heart rate, reflex irritability, muscle tone, and breathing are checked and rated from 0 to 2.

A) Brazelton Scale
B) Lamaze Assessment
C) Apgar Score
D) Bayley Developmental Test

Question 54

Five minutes after birth, the majority of newborns in the United States have Apgar scores of at least 7. This statistic has not changed significantly since 1990, indicating that

A) the Apgar is not a very sensitive measure of neonatal well-being
B) very sick newborns are no more likely to survive today than in 1990
C) most resuscitation efforts performed on preterm and low birthweight infants are successful
D) there is still a need for a quick, easy-to-use screening procedure for newborns

Question 55

The _____ is a structured interactive examination that is used with infants until the end of the second month of life.

A) Apgar Screening Scale
B) Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
C) Denver Developmental Assessment Inquiry
D) Spock Rapid Neonatal Inventory

Question 56

All of the following characteristics are true of healthy newborns except

A) they possess preadapted reflexes
B) vision is their least well developed sense
C) they show regularities of behavior, including states of arousal, within one or two days of their birth
D) they develop reflexes after approximately 3 months of age

Question 57

Which of the following assessments would normally be used first in a newborn's life?

A) the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
B) the Assessment of Preterm Infants' Behavior
C) the Neonatal Intensive Care Unite Network Neurobehavioral Scale
D) the Apgar Scale

Question 58

If Tamika's newborn son is like most other neonates, when a bell is rung repeatedly during the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, he will

A) become increasingly upset and may even begin to cry
B) startle at first but then continue sleeping as he learns to ignore the bell's sound
C) not be able to hear the bell while he is asleep
D) respond only if he heard the same sound while he was still in utero

Question 59

The nurse examining newborn Felix at his first well-baby check-up holds him upright and places his feet on the surface of the examination table. If Felix is like most other healthy newborns, this will

A) elicit the stepping reflex
B) trigger the Moro reflex
C) cause him to show the rooting response
D) have no effect on his behavior