Deck 5: Physical Growth, Health, and Nutrition

Question 1

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Axons

Answer 1

Branch-like structures that convey electrical messages outward from the neuron's cell body and toward the synapse.

Question 2

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Body mass index (BMI)

Answer 2

A measure of weight in relation to height.

Question 3

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Colostrum

Answer 3

A thick, yellowish fluid, richer in protein and protective antibodies than the breast milk that is produced a few days after birth.

Question 4

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Complementary feeding

Question 5

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Dendrites

Question 6

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Electroencephalogram

Question 7

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Experience-dependent

Question 8

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Experience-expectant

Question 9

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Failure to thrive

Question 10

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Infant mortality rates

Question 11

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 12

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Maltreatment

Question 13

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Micronutrient deficiency

Question 14

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Myelin

Question 15

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Neurotransmitters

Question 16

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 17

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)

Question 18

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Psychosocial short stature

Question 19

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Shaken baby syndrome (SBS)

Question 20

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Question 21

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Synapses

Question 22

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Synaptogenesis

Question 23

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Vesicles

Question 24

In normal, healthy infants,

A) physical growth is slower from birth to age 3 than it is from age 3 to 5
B) weight and length both double from birth to the age of 5 months
C) the rate of physical growth increases from birth to age 3
D) the rate of physical growth is faster than it will be again at any other point in the child's life

Question 25

_____ enable pediatricians and parents to compare an individual infant's weight, length, and head circumference with the measurements of other children of the same age.

A) growth charts
B) Apgar scores
C) Brazelton percentiles
D) archival measures

Question 26

Infants who are deprived of normal physical and social contact and who grow slowly even if they are fed an adequate diet may have a condition known as

A) preterm birth syndrome
B) failure to thrive
C) infantile autism
D) congenital regression

Question 27

During infancy, the brain grows until it is approximately

A) 50 percent of an adult's brain by the age of 3 years
B) 30 percent of an adult's brain by the age of 3 years
C) 50 percent of an adult's brain by the age of 1 year
D) 25 percent of an adult's brain by the age of 1 year

Question 28

The dense, fatty sheath that enhances the speed with which electrical messages can be sent between neurons is known as

A) axon
B) dendrite
C) myelin
D) synapse

Question 29

Parents of infants should be concerned about all of the following except

A) failure to thrive
B) weight at the 95th percentile
C) dental decay
D) tripling birth weight by the age of 12 months

Question 30

All of the following occur in the infant brain primarily during the prenatal period except

A) generation of neurons
B) migration of neurons
C) pruning away of neurons
D) neural tube formation

Question 31

All of the following statements about brain development are accurate except

A) myelination is complete in many areas of the brain by the age of 4 years
B) pruning of neurons occurs at different rates in different parts of the brain
C) the cerebral cortex develops more slowly than the parts of the brain that are responsible for basic body functions
D) experience-dependent aspects of the brain are open to the effects of experience as long as those experiences occur before the age of 3 years

Question 32

Jamie was born with a cataract in one of his eyes. What advice is the pediatrician most likely to give Jamie's parents?

A) "We should not do anything about the cataract until we know whether it affects his vision or not."
B) "We should operate to remove the cataract as soon as possible, ideally before Jamie is 2 months old."
C) "As long as we operate before Jamie is 2 years old, there should be no effect of the cataract."
D) "As long as Jamie's other eye does not develop a cataract, no action needs to be taken."

Question 33

Amanda, an emergency medical technician, examines an infant whose babysitter reported that he stopped breathing after falling off of a couch where she had laid him for a nap. Amanda resuscitates the baby but, on the way to the hospital, notices that there is also bleeding in the retinas of the baby's eyes and no obvious bump on the outside of the baby's skull. She suspects that the baby is a victim of

A) Sudden infant death syndrome
B) Failure to thrive
C) Anencephaly
D) Shaken baby syndrome

Question 34

Aleksi was maltreated as an infant when he lived in an East European orphanage. Which of the following is not a likely outcome of that early experience?

A) a build-up of fluid on his brain that causes his head to swell
B) an exaggerated physiological response to perceived stress
C) an overstimulated amygdala
D) delays and abnormalities in multiple domains of development

Question 35

Mandatory newborn screening exists nationwide for all of the following conditions except

A) PKU
B) congenital hypothyroidism
C) galactosemia
D) deafness

Question 36

Lead poisoning

A) is no longer a concern because lead was removed from paint in 1978
B) causes brain damage that may be only partly reversible
C) affects infants equally across all income levels
D) causes harm even after just one exposure

Question 37

For every 1,000 children born in any given year, the number of children who die before reaching the age of 12 months can be calculated, yielding a(n)

A) infant health census
B) infant growth chart
C) infant mortality rate
D) child vitality statistic

Question 38

In the United States, all of the following are among the most common causes of infant deaths except

A) congenital malformations
B) sudden infant death syndrome
C) preterm birth
D) shaken baby syndrome

Question 39

The major causes of death between birth and 3 years of age is/are

A) contagious childhood illnesses
B) unintentional injuries
C) shaken baby syndrome
D) environmental toxins, such as lead and mercury

Question 40

Which infant has the lowest statistical risk of dying before the age of 1 year?

A) an African American baby in the United States
B) a Japanese baby in Japan
C) a nonHispanic white baby in the United States
D) an African baby in Sudan

Question 41

Which infant is least likely to develop a common infectious illness?

A) a 9-month-old being cared for at home
B) a 9-month-old who attends group child care five days a week
C) a 6-month-old whose older sibling attends group child care
D) a 12-month-old who participates in a play group three days a week

Question 42

All of the following statements about childhood immunizations are accurate except

A) it has been proven that the vaccine for measles-mumps-rubella does not cause autism
B) only the first of the recommended doses for each vaccine needs to be given
C) the consequences of contagious diseases, such as whooping cough, measles, and mumps, are worse than the pain of being inoculated with vaccines against those disease
D) although many contagious diseases have become rare in the general U.S. population, immunizations should still be given for those diseases

Question 43

Unintentional injuries in infancy and early childhood

A) cannot be prevented - they're just accidents that could happen to anyone
B) could be prevented if most parents had only one child
C) have already been reduced through legislation and regulation
D) cannot be reduced any further because most products, such as infant walkers, have already been redesigned to be safe to use

Question 44

Which of the following steps should Anna's parents take if they want to protect her from sudden infant death syndrome?

A) keep her out of nonparental child care until the age of 12 months
B) put her on her back to sleep, even at nap time
C) make sure that there are enough blankets, comforters, and quilts in her crib so that she does not get too cold when she is sleeping
D) have her sleep with them in their bed until the age of 9 months

Question 45

Which infant is at greatest risk from sudden infant death syndrome?

A) a 9-month-old girl
B) a 9-month-old boy
C) a 2-month-old African American of either sex
D) a 12-month-old Native American of either sex

Question 46

Stephen, a pediatrician who hopes to prevent SIDS, is likely to do all of the following except

A) ask mothers who smoke cigarettes either to quit or to avoid smoking around their babies
B) encourage cosleeping between parents and infants
C) urge new mothers to breastfeed their babies
D) explain the importance of back sleeping for young infants

Question 47

Wanda wondered whether her toddler's child care setting promoted his health and safety. As she read about this topic, she most likely discovered all of the following except

A) more injuries occur during warmer months than during colder months
B) more injuries occur on the playgrounds of child care settings than in other areas in those settings
C) children in group child care settings develop fewer infectious illnesses than children who are cared for at home
D) children in group child care have lower rates of injury than children who are cared for at home

Question 48

Children under the age of 2 years

A) need more fat in their diets than any other age group
B) require the same amount of fat in their diets as other age groups
C) are relatively immune to the effects of malnutrition
D) should be encouraged to consume portions that are larger than those that they would typically choose on their own

Question 49

Until they are about _____ old, infants can get all of the nutrients they need from breast milk or infant formula.

A) 2 to 4 months
B) 4 to 6 months
C) 8 to 10 months
D) 10 to 12 months

Question 50

Which statement is most compatible with the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative?

A) "It is important for mothers to feel comfortable opting not to breastfeed their baby."
B) "Breastfeeding is a skill that must be learned and practiced."
C) "Fathers should have as many opportunities to feed their baby as mothers do."
D) "Successful breastfeeding depends on newborns being in continual contact with their mother after birth."

Question 51

Worldwide, which of the following conditions poses the most serious health risk for infants and young children?

A) Vitamin A deficiency
B) Micronutrient overdoses
C) Protein-energy malnutrition
D) Peanut allergy

Question 52

According to available statistics, who is most likely to breast feed her infant for the longest period of time?

A) Wendy, a 30-year-old who returned to her full-time job as a seamstress when her daughter was 3 months old
B) Siri, who grew up in Norway and moved to the United States just before her son was born
C) Angela, an adolescent mother of twins
D) Tammy, a 20-year-old mother who is a participant in the WIC program

Question 53

Children living in refugee camps often do not consume enough protein and calories. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?

A) it is responsible for half of all child deaths worldwide
B) it is less harmful to infants and toddlers than it is to older children
C) the majority of children suffering from PEM live in Asia and Africa
D) nutritional supplementation can reverse some of the cognitive impairments associated with PEM