Deck 12: Babies of Today and Tomorrow: Music, Media, and Computers

Question 1

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Electronic books

Answer 1

Interactive books containing a microchip that enables the reader to activate a voice that reads the text, states the names of objects on the page to which the reader is pointing, and asks the reader questions about the book's contents.

Question 2

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Lapware

Answer 2

Computer programs designed for parents to use with infants and children younger than 2 years of age.

Question 3

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Mozart Effect

Answer 3

The name given to findings of an experiment in which college students who listened to a Mozart sonata scored higher than they had after experiencing the same amount of silence or listening to relaxation instructions.

Question 4

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Suzuki Method

Question 5

According to a recent national survey of parents, listening to music is part of a typical day for approximately _____ of children younger than two years.

A) 10 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 80 percent

Question 6

Most of the popular songs for very young children

A) have tie-ins with children's television programs
B) have repetitive rhyming lyrics
C) focus on words and melody rather than complicated arm, hand, or whole-body movements
D) are difficult to sing while engaged in other activities

Question 7

Studies of infants' music perception abilities indicate all of the following except

A) fetuses are unable to hear music while in utero due to the muffling effects of the amniotic fluid surrounding them
B) most studies have focused on 6- to 12-month-olds
C) changes in pitch or tempo do not interfere with infants' ability to recognize a previously heard melody
D) by 6 months of age, infants can remember new melodies for at least a few weeks

Question 8

All of the following are accurate statements about similarities between music and language except

A) by 10 to 12 months, infants discriminate between features that belong in their own culture's music and features that do not belong, much as they become specialized at detecting phonemic distinctions that are made in the language spoken around them
B) researchers studying music perception use many of the same procedures as researchers studying language acquisition, including conditioned headturning
C) infants prefer listening to infant-directed speech but tend to dislike infant-directed music
D) infants perceive the emotional meaning communicated nonverbally when parents speak, much as they perceive the emotional meaning communicated nonverbally when parents sing a lullaby or engage them with a more playful song

Question 9

All of the following statements about music education are accurate except

A) researchers' interest in music for young children developed only recently (in the late twentieth century)
B) the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) promotes the use of music and singing as a teaching tool in the preschool classroom
C) music and singing are effective ways to help very young children make transitions from one activity to another, such as from play time to clean-up time
D) Frederic Froebel included music and singing in his original kindergarten curriculum

Question 10

Which of the following choices shows the order in which milestones are achieved when learning to sing?

A) imitating excerpts of songs, exhibiting vocal contagion, experimenting with repetitive melodic patterns, creating spontaneous songs
B) exhibiting vocal contagion, experimenting with repetitive melodic patterns, imitating excerpts of songs, creating spontaneous songs,
C) creating spontaneous songs, experimenting with repetitive melodic patterns, exhibiting vocal contagion, imitating excerpts of songs
D) exhibiting vocal contagion, experimenting with repetitive melodic patterns, creating spontaneous songs, imitating excerpts of songs

Question 11

Which of the following approaches asserts that learning to play an instrument should resemble learning to speak a first language?

A) the Montessori Method
B) the Suzuki Method
C) the Froebel Method
D) the Speak-and-Play Approach

Question 12

Which approach would probably be most successful with a group of two-year-olds?

A) teaching them to play instruments together as a unit
B) providing a range of child-sized orchestral instruments -- guitars, violins, and trumpets
C) making a set of percussion instruments available - drums, rhythm sticks, tambourines, and maracas
D) waiting until they are three before introducing them to musical instruments of any kind

Question 13

Bob's three-year-old daughter has started learning to play an instrument using Suzuki Talent Education. All of the following experiences are included in this approach except

A) requiring Bob and his daughter to attend classes during which they simply observe other children playing their instruments
B) expecting Bob to learn to play his daughter's instrument before she learns to play it
C) daily listening to recordings of musical pieces that Bob's daughter is learning
D) teaching Bob's daughter to read music before she ever touches an instrument

Question 14

Sophia, mother of one-year-old Peter, has heard about the Mozart effect and decides to find out more about it before she invests in buying CDs of all of Mozart's works. Based on her research, she discovers all of the following are true except

A) the Mozart effect lasts for only about 10 minutes
B) the same effects that were found with college students apply to preschoolers
C) musical training appears to boost performance on spatial-temporal tasks
D) it is not clear whether music instruction affects certain cognitive abilities because music has unique experiential properties or whether music instruction supports the development of cognitive abilities such as attention, concentration, and memorization

Question 15

In households where television is used heavily, all of the following are found except

A) children begin watching before the age of one year
B) children are less likely to spend time playing outside
C) children are less likely to read
D) behavioral effects are not observed until the age of five years

Question 16

All of the following are accurate statements about the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy statement on children's television viewing except

A) relatively few parents of children under the age of three follow the AAP's recommendations
B) it is supported by studies showing that infants learn language better from an in-person speaker than they do from a videotaped display of the same person
C) it encourages parents to add 1 hour of television every year so that the amount of daily television or screen time matches their child's age (1-year-olds watch 1 hour, 2-year-olds watch 2 hours, etc.)
D) it reflects concerns about links between childhood aggression and television viewing

Question 17

According to a recent national survey of parents of very young children,

A) the majority of children younger than age two have a television in their bedroom
B) more than 40 percent of children younger than age two watch television every day
C) most parents believe that television has more negative than positive effects
D) most parents have seen their children imitate aggressive behavior but not positive behavior that they had seen on television

Question 18

When infants look at images on television screens, they

A) differentiate between images on screen and real-world entities by the age of 9 months
B) perceive and respond to on-screen displays of emotion by the age of 12 months
C) know that on-screen objects cannot be touched or grasped by 6 months of age
D) comprehend the content of "brain-enhancing" videos and DVDs in the ways that older adults and children do

Question 19

All of the following statements about television and very young children are accurate except

A) children who watch more hours of entertainment television tend to spend less time reading than children who watch more educational/informative programs
B) children often watch television while engaging in other activities
C) children who watch television programs with prosocial themes tend to have better academic outcomes in adolescence
D) most studies of television's effects have used random assignment rather than quasi-experimental designs

Question 20

Although some parents may not like it, research has documented positive effects of _____ on young children's language development.

A) Power Rangers
B) Barney & Friends
C) Teletubbies
D) Boobahs

Question 21

One recent national survey of parents of very young children showed that they

A) are often unaware of differences between the television programs that their children watch
B) usually believe that television has more positive than negative effects
C) are skeptical about the value of programs shown on channels produced for child audiences
D) were unlikely to have watched educational children's television programs when they were children

Question 22

If two-year-old Claire is like other children her age, she most likely

A) understands that the people on television cannot hear her when she speaks to them
B) thinks that a ball shown on television would roll if the television were tilted
C) points to objects on television and tries to grasp them
D) has never watched television

Question 23

Helen, a preschool teacher, is considering incorporating episodes of Barney & Friends into her class's curriculum. Based on the findings of studies of this television program, she should probably

A) add teacher-led activities to reinforce important themes, skills, and vocabulary from the episodes that the children watch
B) change her plans because researchers found that children who watched the program comprehended fewer vocabulary words and had less expressive language
C) expect to find benefits for social behavior but none for cognitive or language development
D) find other ways of incorporating multicultural content because this program has little to offer

Question 24

Jack, a two-year-old fan of Teletubbies, probably enjoys watching that program because

A) of the fast-paced action
B) it has been around since 1969, which means that the producers know how to appeal to their target audience
C) the show features complex patterns and musical melodies from a wide range of cultures
D) the Teletubbies characters have infant-like bodies and facial features (including large heads with expressive eyes)

Question 25

All of the following statements about computers and very young children are consistent with the findings of a recent national parent survey except

A) the majority of household with children younger than age three own a computer
B) many very young children first use a computer at home with a parent
C) the majority of children under age three use computers on a daily basis
D) the majority of computers in household with children younger than age three are connected to the Internet

Question 26

Parents report that, as a result of their young children's computer experience, they

A) spend little time playing outdoors
B) spend little time playing with friends in the neighborhood
C) know how to turn on the computer and perform basic functions by themselves
D) choose to surf the Internet rather than play games on software that they own

Question 27

Studies of computers in the early childhood classroom have found all of the following except

A) children prefer using the computer with peers rather than alone
B) there are few computers in early childhood classrooms
C) computer technology is neither inherently beneficial nor detrimental to children's development
D) educators need to use the same criteria to evaluate software that they would use to select books or other classroom materials

Question 28

All of the following are examples of interactive toys designed for children younger than age three except

A) PETS programmable robotic storytelling animals
B) the StoryToy play system farm playset
C) stacking rings that respond with music and flashing lights when the rings are stacked in the correct order
D) Barney dolls with radio transmitters that make them respond to the Barney character on television

Question 29

When it comes to evaluating high-tech toys,

A) large-scale independent research has yielded supportive evidence for the manufacturers' claims of educational benefits
B) insufficient objective research has been conducted
C) it doesn't matter if the manufacturers' claims are substantiated, as long as children have fun with the toys
D) the cost of the toys is a relatively unimportant consideration

Question 30

Studies of electronic books

A) have not been carried out yet, so the effects of this new technology are unknown
B) show that they may enhance phonological awareness
C) indicate that they result in improved story comprehension
D) suggest that children usually focus on "reading" the text and miss out on activating and exploring the other parts of the pages

Question 31

Interactive toys have elicited concern from some child development experts because

A) the toys may encourage children to be too active and controlling in their play
B) they give children whose parents can afford to buy them an unfair advantage over other children by boosting their cognitive development
C) links to recognizable television characters may limit children's imaginative play
D) they emphasize creativity over learning

Question 32

A panel of child development experts recently made recommendations about promoting healthy development from birth to age three. All of the following were included in those recommendations except the recommendation to

A) foster socioemotional school readiness instead of focusing on literacy and numerical skills
B) establish policies to provide more choices to more parents for early child care
C) review current public investments in child care and early education
D) coordinate state and local early childhood policies and agencies

Question 33

Wilma, a child development expert, is active in her field and aware of current trends, concerns, and initiatives. As a result, she is likely to

A) resist efforts to encourage her to work with legislators and public policy groups
B) believe that more prevention and intervention efforts should be focused on ages four to six than on birth to three
C) believe that no child should grow up in poverty, especially if they are supported by a working adult
D) worry that too much emphasis is being placed on assessing the benefits of early interventions

Question 34

Jacob's grandfather is trying to decide what to buy Jacob for a birthday present when he turns three. Based on research findings, it would be a good idea to

A) purchase a "smart" interactive toy because it will boost his grandson's vocabulary
B) avoid Barney & Friends videos and DVDs
C) buy him a television for his bedroom
D) pay for Suzuki music lessons