Deck 7: Physical Growth and Health

Question 1

The most common orthopedic injuries in early childhood is:

A) broken arm.
B) broken leg.
C) broken collarbone.
D) broken toe.

Answer 1

broken collarbone.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT associated with being taller than average?

A) good nutrition
B) being a third born child
C) nonsmoking mother
D) upper socioeconomic status

Answer 2

being a third born child

Question 3

Compared to the average preschool girl, the average preschool boy is:

A) about ½ inch taller.
B) about 1 inch taller.
C) about ½ inch shorter.
D) about 1 inch shorter.

Answer 3

about ½ inch taller.

Question 4

Susan is worried because her 4-year-old son has a different shape than he did as a toddler. Susan talks to her pediatrician about it and she says this change is completely normal. What change has Susan noticed?

A) he is more chubby
B) he is more skinny
C) his face has filled out
D) his stomach is poking out

Question 5

Compared to his two older brothers, Joe can expect to be:

A) shorter.
B) taller.
C) thinner.
D) fatter.

Question 6

Joseph's family likes to hike and gets outdoors every weekend. During the week he plays on a soccer team. Joseph can expect:

A) to be tall.
B) to be short.
C) to have trouble at school.
D) to do well at school.

Question 7

Which of the following are not associated with adult height?

A) birth order
B) mother's smoking status
C) race
D) caffeine intake

Question 8

How much of sleep does a 2-year-old need every day?

A) 8 hours
B) 9.5 hours
C) 11.5 hours
D) 14 hours

Question 9

Four-year-old Michael is resisting naps and is sleeping from 8 P.M. to 7A. M. His mother is worried that he needs a nap. What advice would you give his mother?

A) continue to encourage naps until he is 6
B) put him to bed later and then he will need a nap
C) wake him up earlier and then he will need a nap
D) he is getting plenty of sleep without the nap

Question 10

Katie's 6-year-old daughter sleeps 11 hours a day and her 4-year-old son only gets about 9 hours of sleep per day. She is worried her son is not getting enough sleep. What would you tell her?

A) boys need less sleep than girls
B) children need more sleep as they grow
C) different children need different amounts of sleep
D) she should wake her daughter up after 10 hours

Question 11

Which of the following do not help children settle into sleep?

A) bedtime routines
B) cuddly objects
C) regular bedtime
D) watching television

Question 12

Billy is 5 and likes to sleep with his teddy bear. His mother is worried that he is too old for a teddy. What would you tell her?

A) cuddly objects are associated with higher social anxiety
B) cuddly objects help children settle peacefully into sleep
C) continued use of the teddy will negatively impact his confidence
D) if she takes the bear away, he will be able to sleep peacefully

Question 13

Amy screams out in the night a few hours after she went to bed. Her mother was unable to comfort her, but she fell rapidly back to sleep. She probably suffered from a:

A) parasomnia.
B) nightmare.
C) night terror.
D) temper tantrum.

Question 14

Which sleep disturbance is the most common in childhood?

A) parasomnia
B) nightmare
C) night terror
D) None are common in childhood

Question 15

Which of the following are not associated with enuresis?

A) age
B) genetics
C) gender
D) family income

Question 16

What would you tell Peter's parents about his enuresis?

A) working with him on self-control will help
B) encouraging him to act like a "big kid" will help
C) he will eventually grow out of the problem
D) they should visit their pediatrician

Question 17

The brain continues to grow throughout early childhood. In fact, by the end of early childhood, the brain is almost:

A) half the adult size.
B) 66% of the adult size.
C) 75% of the adult size.
D) equal to the adult size.

Question 18

Brain maturation in early childhood is mainly a result of:

A) myelination.
B) synaptogenisis.
C) pruning.
D) increases in size.

Question 19

Throughout childhood, gray matter in the brain:

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) changes location.
D) becomes more efficient.

Question 20

Which is the most influential factor in synaptic pruning?

A) genetics
B) experiences
C) diet
D) family income

Question 21

What is the result of inactive synapses?

A) synaptogenisis
B) myelination
C) pruning
D) increases in volume

Question 22

During the early childhood years, maturation in cerebral cortex is:

A) extremely rapid.
B) extremely slow.
C) varies in speed among ethnicities.
D) slows down children's processing.

Question 23

Maturation in what part of the brain is responsible for improvements in working memory?

A) hypothalamus
B) left hemisphere
C) right hemisphere
D) frontal lobes

Question 24

Children with developmental disabilities have been found to have:

A) less gray matter.
B) less white matter.
C) greater synaptogenesis.
D) less synaptogenesis.

Question 25

Myelination can be negatively impacted by all except which of the following?

A) fetal alcohol exposure
B) multiple sclerosis
C) sleep disruptions
D) environmental teratogens

Question 26

The human brain, the two halves of the cerebral cortex are referred to as:

A) lobes.
B) hemispheres.
C) portions.
D) thalamus.

Question 27

Generally, the left hemisphere controls:

A) verbal and linguistic functioning.
B) spatial reasoning tasks.
C) working memory.
D) motor abilities.

Question 28

Generally, the right hemisphere of the brain controls:

A) verbal and linguistic functioning.
B) spatial reasoning tasks.
C) working memory.
D) motor abilities.

Question 29

Specialization of different functions in the two hemispheres occurs:

A) during prenatal development.
B) during infancy.
C) is ongoing in childhood.
D) after adolescence.

Question 30

Stella's brain development is less lateralized than other people's brains. This is evidence that she probably is not:

A) left-handed.
B) right-handed.
C) ambidextrous.
D) organized.

Question 31

What percentage of people are right-handed?

A) about 50%
B) about 60%
C) about 75%
D) about 90%

Question 32

Six-year-old Justin colors and throws a ball with both hands. He will probably be:

A) left-handed.
B) right-handed.
C) ambidextrous.
D) it is too early to detect handedness

Question 33

Three-year-old Joel can button his shirt, this is an example of development of:

A) gross motor skills.
B) fine motor skills.
C) large motor skills.
D) finger motor skills.

Question 34

Dr. Smith wants to assess Tommy's gross motor skills, she may ask him to:

A) color.
B) jump.
C) button his shirt.
D) pick up a raisin.

Question 35

The amount of sheer physical movement that a child engages in per unit of time is known as:

A) gross motor skills.
B) activity level.
C) attention deficit disorder.
D) motor development.

Question 36

Activity level peaks in:

A) infancy.
B) preschool.
C) elementary school.
D) middle school.

Question 37

Which factor is not predictive of activity level in childhood?

A) gender
B) genetics
C) age
D) handedness

Question 38

Who among the following probably has a lower activity level than 6-year-old Suzanne?

A) 2-year-old Julie
B) 6-year-old Stanley
C) 8-year-old Brenda
D) 8-year-old Zach

Question 39

At Jesse's 4-year-old check-up, her doctor asks about typical motor skills that she should have accomplished. Which of the following will she not ask about?

A) catches a bounced ball
B) walks backward
C) turns somersaults
D) kicks ball forward

Question 40

Tying their own shoes is a skill that most children:

A) accomplish in preschool.
B) can't master until about first grade.
C) learn as they learn to dress themselves.
D) before being able to draw a person.

Question 41

The ability to write letters may be expected to develop first in:

A) girls.
B) boys.
C) first-born children.
D) only children.

Question 42

North American children can usually draw shapes by what age?

A) 18 months old
B) 2 years old
C) 3 years old
D) 4 years old

Question 43

In Western cultures, children's first drawings of the human form are often referred to as:

A) stick people.
B) tadpole figures.
C) representational people.
D) Jimi people.

Question 44

American children's first drawings of the human form emphasize:

A) movements.
B) colors.
C) the head.
D) the hands and feet.

Question 45

As preschool children's drawing of the human form become more detailed, they are still likely to show errors in:

A) body type.
B) facial features.
C) quantity of body parts.
D) proportion.

Question 46

Children's motor skills are most improved by:

A) training.
B) modeling.
C) practice.
D) conversation about skills.

Question 47

Caleb is interested in dressing himself for school. He takes a long time to dress himself and often makes mistakes. What would a developmental specialist recommend his parents do?

A) use toys or television to distract him
B) delay self-dressing until it can be done more efficiently
C) set aside more time and patiently help him dress
D) put a timer on and let him try for 10 minutes

Question 48

Stacey is worried about her daughter. The pediatrician also becomes concerned when she discovers that the 4-year-old cannot:

A) stack four blocks.
B) use the toilet.
C) take off her clothes.
D) stack eight blocks.

Question 49

Terry is worried that his 4-year-old son is not getting enough nutrition recently. Which of the following statements would a pediatrician not make in response:

A) preschoolers need less calories than toddlers and thus eat less
B) over the course of a few days, preschoolers even out their caloric intake
C) sudden food preferences and food refusal is normal in preschool
D) parents should make sure children eat from each food group at each meal

Question 50

What is not a recommendation to preventing picky food preferences in preschoolers?

A) offer a wide variety of healthy food
B) turn off the television
C) make mealtimes revolve around conversation
D) offer rewards for eating healthy food

Question 51

The best predictor of preschoolers' food preferences is:

A) texture.
B) sweetness.
C) blandness.
D) familiarity.

Question 52

Parents can make mealtime more successful by all of the following except:

A) letting children feed themselves.
B) having the child help prepare the food.
C) chatting and eating with the child.
D) turning on a favorite movie.

Question 53

The majority of adverse reactions to foods are a result of:

A) allergies.
B) food intolerance.
C) food poisoning.
D) undercooked food.

Question 54

Epinephrine is used to treat:

A) anaphylactic reactions.
B) food intolerance.
C) food poisoning.
D) obesity.

Question 55

When the immune system responds to the ingestion of a particular food substance, this is known as:

A) allergies.
B) food intolerance.
C) food poisoning.
D) viral reaction.

Question 56

What percentage of adverse food reactions are allergies?

A) about 5%
B) about 10%
C) about 50%
D) about 75%

Question 57

Allergies will take longer to outgrow if:

A) the child is never exposed to the food.
B) the initial reaction is severe.
C) the allergy is to milk.
D) the child does not get proper nutrition.

Question 58

How much more than the ideal weight for their height and age do obese people weigh?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 59

Between the early 1980s and 2004, the rates of preschool obesity:

A) remained stable.
B) increased by 50%.
C) more than doubled.
D) more than tripled.

Question 60

Among children in low-income families, children's health was worse when:

A) they lived in cities.
B) they had several siblings.
C) they went to failing schools.
D) they did not get enough to eat.

Question 61

What percent of low-income children do not get enough food to eat?

A) about 2%
B) more than 5%
C) more than 15%
D) more than 25%

Question 62

According to UNICEF, about how many children worldwide are malnourished?

A) 10 million
B) 75 million
C) 100 million
D) 150 million

Question 63

By providing nourishment to malnourished children worldwide, all of the following could improve, except:

A) mortality.
B) susceptibility to illnesses.
C) developmental delays.
D) nourishment can improve all of these

Question 64

Children of which ethnicity are at the highest risk for obesity?

A) African American
B) European American
C) Mexican American
D) Asian American

Question 65

What percentage of American children are deemed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to consume a good diet?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 66

The decline of deaths of children from infectious diseases since 1900 can be attributed to:

A) more healthy diets.
B) more sanitary living conditions.
C) availability of vaccines.
D) less children per family.

Question 67

The rates of children who are fully vaccinated in the United States:

A) have declined recently.
B) are below the rates of other industrialized countries.
C) are below 75%.
D) are above 90%.
E) undercooked food

Question 68

The first universal promotion of a vaccine was a vaccine to prevent which childhood disease?

A) measles
B) mumps
C) polio
D) tetanus

Question 69

Worldwide children are most likely to die from five main causes including the following, except:

A) measles.
B) malaria.
C) malnourishment.
D) small pox.

Question 70

Parents of children can expect them to be sick with minor infections:

A) once or twice a year.
B) three times a year.
C) 7 to 10 times a year.
D) 14 to 18 times a year.

Question 71

Children who attend day care:

A) have an increased risk of coming down with a serious disease.
B) have more frequent minor respiratory diseases.
C) have less frequent communicable diseases.
D) are less likely to be fully vaccinated.

Question 72

Otitis media is an infection of the:

A) sinuses.
B) stomach.
C) lower intestine.
D) middle ear.

Question 73

The best designed studies focused on the outcomes for children with repeated otitis media indicate:

A) that repeated infections lead to language delays.
B) that they should be treated aggressively with antibiotics.
C) that there are few cognitive outcomes of otitis media.
D) that children's balance and motor skills may be impacted.

Question 74

Early studies of the cognitive impact of ear infections were flawed because:

A) they had very small samples.
B) they did not account for the number of ear infections.
C) they did not account for demographic factors.
D) they looked at chronically ill children.

Question 75

As a result of the most recent research, pediatricians are most likely to recommend which of the following for children with repeated bouts of otitis media?

A) immediate course of strong antibiotics
B) careful monitoring without a prescription
C) surgery to prevent further infections
D) speech therapy

Question 76

Which is not predictive of injury rates in childhood?

A) gender
B) socioeconomic class
C) age
D) mother's working status

Question 77

Who is most likely to suffer an injury?

A) a 10-year-old girl
B) an 8-year-old boy
C) a 14-year-old girl
D) a 16-year-old boy

Question 78

The most common form of serious injury to children are a result of:

A) sports injuries.
B) playground accidents.
C) accidents in the home.
D) car accidents.

Question 79

Children who were wearing lap belts only were at increased rates of:

A) neck injury.
B) internal injury.
C) leg injury.
D) head injury.

Question 80

In California, the leading cause of death in childhood is:

A) car crashes.
B) fire.
C) accidents in the home.
D) drowning.