Deck 15: Pain

Question 1

Pain that arises from the nervous system is known as

A) Trigeminal Neuralgia
B) Nociceptive pain
C) Neuropathic pain
D) Acute pain

Answer 1

Neuropathic pain

Question 2

Why were pattern theories unsuccessful in explaining pain experiences?

A) It did not account for physical sensations
B) It only accounted for psychological factors
C) It did not account for psychological factors
D) Pattern theory was not used to explain pain

Answer 2

It did not account for psychological factors

Question 3

Which of the following will not influence the experience of pain?

A) Attributions concerning the cause of pain
B) Beliefs about the ability to tolerate pain
C) Expectations of pain relief
D) Prior experience with pain

Answer 3

Prior experience with pain

Question 4

According to Currow et al. (2010), what percentage of the general population is likely to report some degree of chronic pain?

A) 18%
B) 7%
C) 4%
D) 12%

Question 5

Chronic pain is when pain has lasted for _______ months or more.

A) 5
B) 1
C) 3
D) 2

Question 6

Fisher and Johnston (1996) allocated patients with chronic pain to conditions in which their perceptions of control over their pain were experimentally increased or decreased.

A) Patients in the increased control condition performed a lifting task for longer than those in the decreased control condition.
B) The manipulation had no effect on behaviour
C) Patients in the increased control condition performed a lifting task for the same time as those in the decreased control condition but reported less pain.
D) Patients in the increased control condition performed a lifting task for longer than those in the decreased control condition, despite reporting more pain.

Question 7

Someone who is given a placebo, and knows it is a placebo but still experiences relief in pain may be experiencing

A) A nocebo effect
B) An expectation of pain relief due to prior experience
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Response to pain relief

Question 8

The opposite of the placebo response is known as the

A) pain response
B) reactive response
C) nocebo response
D) Molko response

Question 9

What are three key psychological factors the influence the experience of pain?

A) Perception, attention and cognition
B) Mood, attention and cognition
C) Mood, perception and cognition
D) Mood, attention and perception

Question 10

Lerman et al., (2015) found that _______ is a predictor of future pain

A) Depression
B) Anxiety
C) Optimism
D) Worry

Question 11

Which emotional or cognitive factor is thought to close the pain 'gate'?

A) Depression
B) Anxiety
C) Optimism
D) Worry

Question 12

In the Gate Theory of Pain, descending neural impulses from the brain activate

A) cognitive processes that make the person forget they are in pain
B) physical processes that can completely cure the pain
C) cognitive processes that can amplify or reduce pain
D) physical processes that can amplify or reduce pain

Question 13

A and C fibres transmit information to areas known as the substantia gelatinosa. These lie within

A) the central vestibule of each part of the spinal column
B) the limbic system
C) the dorsal horn of each part of the spinal column
D) the thalamus

Question 14

Which structure, hypothesized by Melzack, is thought to explain the experience of phantom limb pain?

A) The substantia gelatinosa
B) The thalamic pain centre
C) The neuromatrix
D) The reticulospinal fibre matrix

Question 15

Which of the following is not a part of the neuromatrix model?

A) The body self neuromatrix
B) The action neuromatrix
C) The sentient natural hub
D) A delta fibres

Question 16

"My pain influences my ability to work and my boss has called a meeting with me. They will be mad that I am not performing to my best. Maybe I should stop worrying about it before the meeting or ask what the meeting is about in advance" is an example of what in CBT?

A) Cognitive challenging
B) Emotional regulation
C) Providing strategies to manage emotional distress
D) Objective effectiveness

Question 17

Evidence favours which therapy for pain management?

A) ACT
B) CBT
C) Mindfulness
D) DBT

Question 18

Pain management clinics may employ several types of health professionals. What would a physiotherapist assist with?

A) Exercise programmes
B) Day-to-day tasks
C) Medication
D) None of the above

Question 19

Which of the following is not used to help people suffering from acute pain?

A) Self-efficacy training
B) Teaching distraction techniques
C) Hypnosis
D) Relaxation techniques

Question 20

What of the following is true of patient-controlled analgesia?

A) It is effective, but only for adults
B) It is unsafe to use by people who are highly anxious about their pain
C) Its use is safe among all patient groups, including children and people with drug dependencies
D) It is likely to be abused by people with existing opioid dependencies