Deck 10: The Consultation and Beyond

Question 1

According to Ford et al. (2003), which of the following is not an important factor in a 'good' medical consultation

A) Always achieving an appropriate diagnosis.
B) Managing time so that it does not appear rushed.
C) Engaging the patient in the decision making process.
D) Gaining an understanding of the problem and its ramifications.

Answer 1

Always achieving an appropriate diagnosis.

Question 2

According to Marewski and Gigerenzer (2012), factors that influence doctors' diagnoses does not include

A) its 'availability' - the frequency with which the disease is presented in the media
B) its frequency of occurrence within the population
C) the potential 'pay off' of treating a particular condition
D) the intelligence of the doctor

Answer 2

the intelligence of the doctor

Question 3

A consultation involves both patient and health professional. Which of the following is not a component of a professional-centered approach?

A) The health professional keeps control over the interview
B) The patient accepts any decisions made
C) The doctor asks questions to gain information
D) Discussion between doctor and patient

Answer 3

Discussion between doctor and patient

Question 4

In shared decision making, what can the appearance of equality be?

A) Empowering
B) Reality
C) An illusion
D) Implicit

Question 5

Murray et al (2007) found that 75% of doctors prefer to share decision-making with their patients. How many prefer consumerism (patient knows best)?

A) 11
B) 14
C) 16
D) 9

Question 6

Consultations that involve patients in decision making are likely to result in:

A) Better medical outcomes to traditional methods
B) High levels of patient satisfaction, confidence in healthcare recommendations, and improvements in self-care and wellbeing
C) More drug prescriptions, and more demand for inappropriate surgical treatments
D) Low levels of patient satisfaction, lower confidence in healthcare recommendations, and no improvement in self-care and wellbeing

Question 7

According to Abramsky and Fletcher (2002), which description of their potential condition did patients undergoing genetic screening did not find worrying?

A) rare
B) disorder
C) syndrome
D) safe

Question 8

According to Clayton et al. (2007), what were the advantages of giving a prompt sheet to patients with advanced cancer prior to a key consultation?

A) They spent the same amount of time with the doctor, but found the consultation more useful
B) They asked more than twice as many questions as patients in a control group
C) The found the consultation less stressful
D) They spent less time with the doctor

Question 9

Which of these is not listed as a patient factor in the influence of consultations?

A) High levels of anxiety or distress
B) Failure to actively engage with interview
C) A lack of familiarity with information discussed
D) The age of the patient

Question 10

Which of the following is the gold star method of diagnostic decision making?

A) Hypothesis testing
B) Pattern recognition
C) Use of heuristics
D) the first and the third

Question 11

What did Roter and Hall (2004) find on the impact of the gender of the health professional on the consultation?

A) Satisfaction with female doctors is high regardless of communication style
B) Medical consultations were 10% longer with male physicians
C) Patients of male physicians disclosed more psychosocial information than female physician patients
D) Medical consultations were 10% longer with female physicians

Question 12

According to Elstein and Schwarz (2002), what are potential strategies used by doctors in diagnostic decisions?

A) Hypothesis testing, pattern recognition, opinion revision
B) Hypothesis testing, pattern recognition, test-retest
C) Hypothesis testing, Cost-benefit analysis, opinion revision
D) Prototype comparison, Cost-benefit analysis, opinion revision

Question 13

Consultations with non-indigenous patients (immigrants etc) with good command over the native language tend to be _______ than those with indigenous patients

A) longer
B) shorter
C) more focused on emotional problems
D) more contentious

Question 14

Which of the following did Baile et al. (2000) not identify in his six-step protocol for breaking bad news?

A) Start with a warning shot.
B) Find out what the patient knows.
C) Tell the family.
D) Respond to the patient's feelings.

Question 15

The 'S's of the SPIKES model of 'Breaking Bad News' stand for:

A) 'Setting up the interview' and 'Strategy and summary'.
B) 'Sitting the patient down' and 'Strategy and summary'.
C) 'Setting up the interview' and 'Suspending medical jargon'.
D) 'Sitting the patient down' and 'Suspending medical jargon'.

Question 16

According to Berenbaum & Latimer-Cheung (2014), _______ framed communication about exercise was most influential in a group of women on outcomes.

A) positive
B) negative
C) both
D) neither

Question 17

According to Horne, the illness beliefs that influence adherence to medication include

A) its severity, time frame and likely prognosis
B) its severity, contagiousness and likely prognosis
C) its time frame, prognosis and treatment side effects
D) its contagiousness, time frame and treatability

Question 18

Which of the following is not a reason for some individuals not taking medication appropriately?

A) A belief that continued use of a drug will reduce its effectiveness
B) Taking drug holidays to prevent 'harm'
C) Poor relationship between patient and healthcare provider
D) They are all reasons for poor levels of adherence to some medication regimens

Question 19

Horne (1997) developed a model of adherence. Which two models did he combine?

A) Health belief model and the illness representations model
B) Health belief model and the theory of planned behaviour
C) Theory of planned behaviour and the illness representations model
D) Illness representations model and the theory of reasoned action

Question 20

Siefried et al., (2017) found that _______ of participants in their study were non-adherent to HAART medication adherence.

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 15%