Deck 9: Symptom Perception, Interpretation, and Response

Question 1

Cioffi's (1991) model of the processes of interpreting physical signs and their attribution as symptoms is known as the…

A) Attentional model
B) Delay behavioural model
C) Cognitive-perceptual model
D) Common-sense model

Answer 1

Cognitive-perceptual model

Question 2

A disease prototype is:

A) A model of the symptoms of an illness held in memory
B) A set of diagnostic criteria used by doctors to aid diagnosis
C) A set of diagnostic criteria used in treatment of disease
D) A model of the symptoms of an illness held in the body

Answer 2

A model of the symptoms of an illness held in memory

Question 3

According to Leventhal's dual processing model, common-sense appraisals of illness consider:

A) The symptoms and likely treatment of a disorder
B) The objective symptoms and the emotional reactions to them
C) The match between symptoms and disease prototypes
D) The subjective symptoms and the physical reactions to them

Answer 3

The objective symptoms and the emotional reactions to them

Question 4

What does an attribution model identify?

A) A person's perception of the symptoms of their illness
B) A person's willingness to adhere to treatment
C) A person's views of the consequence of their illness
D) A person's understanding of the cause of their illness

Question 5

The implicit models approach questionnaire, IMIQ utilized by Turk et al. (1986) found four dimensions, slightly different to those described by Leventhal. What are they?

A) Personal responsibility, controllability, changeability and cause
B) Controllability, timeline, personal responsibility and changeability
C) Consequence, changeability, personal responsibility and controllability
D) Personal responsibility, controllability, seriousness and changeability

Question 6

What types of decision-making stages are described in Safer's model of delay behaviour?

A) Delay in behavioural change following disease onset
B) Delay in seeking medical help for symptoms
C) Delay in changing health risk behaviours before disease onset
D) Delay in seeking preventative care

Question 7

Which of the following is not a stage in Shafer's model of delay behaviour?

A) Appraisal delay
B) Illness delay
C) Utilisation delay
D) Behavioural delay

Question 8

Horne and Weinman (1999) extended which model to include 'treatment beliefs' in order to explain delay behaviour?

A) Self-regulation model
B) Delay behaviour model
C) Health belief model
D) Stages of change model

Question 9

Which age group is more likely to present at the doctor, regardless of symptom severity?

A) The very young
B) The elderly
C) Adolescents
D) The middle aged

Question 10

What has been cited as a possible reason for women seeking medical help more often than men?

A) Men have more knowledge about the signs and symptoms of disease.
B) Women see it as a sign of weakness.
C) Men are more willing to confront the implications of illness.
D) Men see it as a sign of weakness.

Question 11

Shahid et al., (2016) found _______ was a reason that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men in Australia were unlikely to receive health checks.

A) Existing health status
B) Masculinity
C) Fear
D) Age

Question 12

People who exhibit type A behaviour are _______ than Type B individuals

A) more likely to report symptoms
B) less likely to report symptoms
C) more likely to perceive symptoms
D) less likely to perceive symptoms

Question 13

According to Radley (1994), what is the distinction between a 'bodily sign' and 'symptoms of illness'?

A) The process of interpreting signs as symptoms of illness
B) Symptoms fit a disease prototype
C) Recognition of a physiological cause of symptoms
D) Signs are external evidence of disease

Question 14

According to Cassell (1976) what does the word 'illness' denote

A) The presence of a disease
B) The experience of a set of symptoms
C) A physical disorder with a set of symptoms
D) Underlying pathology

Question 15

Mass psychogenic illness does not refer to

A) The effect of suggestion.
B) The impact of widespread illness increasing attention to bodily signs.
C) The effect of anxiety.
D) The effect of intervention.

Question 16

The identification of treatment representations (Horne and Weinman 1998) highlights perceptions of medicine as being

A) restorative.
B) not harmful or addictive.
C) manageable.
D) symptom continuation.

Question 17

"Because I am ill, I cannot go to the gym today" is an example of which of Leventhal's illness representation?

A) Controllability.
B) Timeline.
C) Cause.
D) Consequences.

Question 18

Publicised outbreaks of Ebola and swine flu lead to:

A) Increased symptom perception.
B) Increased healthcare visits.
C) None of the above.
D) Both the first and second option.

Question 19

What are the dimensions in the IPQ-R not identified in the original IPQ?

A) Personal responsibility and illness coherence
B) Emotional responsibility and changeability
C) Emotional representation and illness coherence
D) Illness coherence and seriousness

Question 20

Which of the following emotional responses has not been highlighted by research as an explanation of 'delay behaviour'?

A) Anxiety
B) Elation
C) Denial
D) Fear