Deck 7: Preventing Health Problems

Question 1

Which of the following is not a common screening programme?

A) Genetic risk for disease.
B) Early detection of disease or its precursors.
C) Behavioural risk of disease.
D) Cognitive screening

Answer 1

Cognitive screening

Question 2

The OXCHECK study group was a screening programme targeted at health behaviour. On which disease did they focus?

A) Obesity
B) Coronary Heart Disease
C) Cervical disease
D) Arthritis

Answer 2

Coronary Heart Disease

Question 3

Which intervention is considered the most effective for individuals who are reluctant to engage in a change of behaviour?

A) Egan's counselling approach
B) Motivational Interviewing
C) Behaviour Therapy
D) Providing insight

Answer 3

Motivational Interviewing

Question 4

Which of the following approaches was used by Steptoe et al. (1999) to provide a beneficial adjunct to problem-focused counselling?

A) Motivational interviewing.
B) Insight-oriented therapy.
C) Training in skills to achieve behavioural change.
D) Cognitive therapy.

Question 5

According to Quentin et al. (2007), how effective have total bans been on the advertising of tobacco products?

A) Just over half the bans have resulted in reductions in smoking.
B) They have had no effect on smoking.
C) 80% have resulted in reductions in smoking.
D) 27% have resulted in reductions in smoking.

Question 6

Early public health messages, such as the Grim Reaper campaign, in response to the development of AIDS and HIV were ineffective (Rigby, Brown, et al. 1989). Why was this so?

A) They decreased AIDS-related anxiety
B) They provided information about the disease
C) They provided information about appropriate behaviour change
D) They heightened AIDS-related anxiety

Question 7

Merzel and D'Affliti (2003) contended that HIV/AIDS prevention programmes were more effective than those targeted at CHD. Why might this be the case?

A) HIV programmes use the media more effectively.
B) Sexual behaviours are easier to change than CHD-related behaviours.
C) The potentially negative effects of sexual behaviours are more catastrophic and one-off than CHD-related behaviours.
D) None of the above.

Question 8

The mass media has been used to influence behaviour in many different ways. Which of these has not been used previously?

A) Framing information in a positive manner.
B) Arousing fear.
C) Targeted specific audience.
D) Providing economic incentives.

Question 9

Bramson et al. (2015) reported when needle-exchange programs were accessible, compared to programs being unavailable, rates of HIV were?

A) Lower
B) Higher
C) The same
D) HIV infection was not found in these areas

Question 10

Worksite health promotion has not included:

A) Providing health education
B) Manipulating social support
C) Providing economic incentives
D) Family and friend education

Question 11

Scollo and Winstanley (2018) noted that when prices of tobacco products in Australia increased,

A) There was an increase in reported consumption
B) There was a decline in reported consumption
C) Reported tobacco consumption stayed the same
D) Tobacco isn't consumed in Australia

Question 12

Overall, web-based interventions are likely to be

A) more effective than interventions using printed materials.
B) less effective than interventions using printed materials.
C) equally as effective as interventions using printed materials.
D) of varying effectiveness compared to printed materials.

Question 13

In December 2012, Australia introduced drab olive green packaging on cigarettes with large graphic health warnings. Brose et al (2014) studied the impact of this. Please indicate the results of their study.

A) Results of the study were inconclusive.
B) There was no effect on the purchase of cigarettes.
C) The new packaging was more likely to motivate the purchase of cigarettes.
D) The new packaging was less likely to motivate the purchase of cigarettes.

Question 14

What was the target of the Stanford three towns project?

A) Coronary heart disease (CHD)
B) HIV and AIDS
C) Hypertension
D) Obesity

Question 15

Population based interventions to reduce CHD since the Stanford Three Towns Project have

A) achieved about the same level of effectiveness as the Stanford intervention.
B) improved in their effectiveness due to the use of new technologies.
C) been less successful than the Stanford Project.
D) been more effective in changing women's behaviour than men's.

Question 16

The Treatwell program showed that the effectiveness of worksite health promotion initiatives to increase health eating may be increased by

A) having the programme throughout the whole worksite.
B) engaging families as well as workers in the programme.
C) providing cheap healthy food.
D) food labelling.

Question 17

One increasingly popular intervention in schools is known as

A) peer education.
B) student-based learning.
C) student support.
D) student-oriented education.

Question 18

Which of the following does not form part of the World Health Organisation's model of health promoting schools?

A) Establishing a safe physical and social environment
B) Providing healthy food
C) Providing school counsellors
D) Parental education

Question 19

Skov-Ettrup et al. (2014) examined the uptake of a Danish smoking cessation intervention. Which approach was the most accessed intervention?

A) An internet-based smoking cessation program.
B) A self-help booklet.
C) 'Proactive' telephone counselling.
D) 'Reactive' telephone counselling

Question 20

Been et al. (2014) reviewed eleven recent studies of the effects of second-hand smoke exposure by children, and found benefits directly attributable to smoke free legislation. Select their findings below.

A) Increased premature births.
B) Increased low birth weight in children.
C) Lower levels of asthma.
D) Higher levels of asthma.