Deck 1: Data Collection

Question 1

A manufacturer of cellular phones has decided that an assembly line is operating satisfactorily if less than 0.0 5% of the phones produced per day are defective. To check the quality of a day's production, the company decides to randomly sample 30 phones from a day's production to test for defects. Define the population of interest to the manufacturer.

A) the 30 phones sampled and tested
B) the 0.0 5% of the phones that are defective
C) the 30 responses: defective or not defective
D) all the phones produced during the day in question

Answer 1

all the phones produced during the day in question

Question 2

The legal profession conducted a study to determine the percentage of cardiologists who had been sued for malpractice in the last ten years. The sample was randomly chosen from a national directory of doctors. Identify the individuals in the study.

A) the responses: have been sued/have not been sued for malpractice in the last ten years
B) all cardiologists in the directory
C) the doctor's area of expertise (i.e., cardiology, pediatrics, etc.)
D) each cardiologist selected from the directory

Answer 2

each cardiologist selected from the directory

Question 3

A study was conducted to determine if listening to heavy metal music affects critical thinking. To test the claim, 134 subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. Both groups were administered a basic math skills exam. The first group took the exam while heavy metal music was piped into the exam room, while the second group took the exam in a silent room. The mean exam score for the first group was 85, and the mean exam score for the second group was 96. The researchers concluded that heavy metal music negatively affects critical thinking. Identify (a) the research objective, (b) the sample, (c) the descriptive statistics, and (d) the conclusions made in the study.

Answer 3

(a) if listening to heavy metal music affects critical thinking
(b) the 134 subjects
(c) the mean exam score for the first group = 85, and the mean exam score for the second group was 96
(d) that heavy metal music negatively affects critical thinking

Question 4

A telephone poll asked 1480 registered voters "Would you vote for the current vice president if he ran for president?" Of these 1480 respondents, 38% would vote for the current vice president if he ran for president. The administrators of the study concluded that 38% of all registered voters would vote for the current vice president if he ran for president. Identify (a) the research objective, (b) the sample,(c) the descriptive statistics, and (d) the conclusions made in the study.

Question 5

A bicycle manufacturer produces four different bicycle models. Information is summarized in the table below: Identify the variables and determine whether each variable is quantitative or qualitative.

A) series number: qualitative; weight: qualitative; style: qualitative
B) series number: quantitative; weight: qualitative; style: qualitative
C) series number: qualitative; weight: quantitative; style: qualitative
D) series number: quantitative; weight: quantitative; style: qualitative

Question 6

An international relations professor is supervising four master's students. Information about the students is summarized in the table. Identify the variables and determine whether each variable is quantitative or qualitative.

A) student number: qualitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: qualitative
B) student number: quantitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: qualitative
C) student number: qualitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: quantitative
D) student number: quantitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: quantitative

Question 7

The peak shopping time at a pet store is between 8-11:00 am on Saturday mornings. Management at the pet store randomly selected 155 customers last Saturday morning and decided to observe their shopping habits. They recorded the number of items that a sample of the customers purchased as well as the total time the customers spent in the store. Identify the types of variables recorded by the pet store.

A) number of items - continuous; total time - continuous
B) number of items - discrete; total time - continuous
C) number of items - continuous; total time - discrete
D) number of items - discrete; total time - discrete

Question 8

Determine what type of observational study is described. Explain.

-Researchers wanted to determine whether there was an association between high blood pressure and the suppression of emotions. The researchers looked at 1800 adults enrolled in a Health Initiative Observational Study. Each person was interviewed and asked about their response to emotions. In particular they were asked whether their tendency was to express or to hold in anger and other emotions. The degree of suppression of emotions was rated on a scale of 1 to 10. Each person's blood pressure was also measured. The researchers analyzed the results to determine whether there was an association between high blood pressure and the suppression of emotions.

A) cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.
B) retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time.
C) cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time.

Question 9

Determine what type of observational study is described. Explain.

-Researchers wanted to determine whether there was an association between city driving and stomach ulcers. They selected a sample of 900 young adults and followed them for a twenty-year period. At the start of the study none of the participants was suffering from a stomach ulcer. Each person kept track of the number of hours per week they spent driving in city traffic. At the end of the study each participant underwent tests to determine whether they were suffering from a stomach ulcer. The researchers analyzed the results to determine whether there was an association between city driving and stomach ulcers.

A) cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.
B) cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time.
C) retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time.

Question 10

Determine what type of observational study is described. Explain.

-A researcher wanted to determine whether women with children are more likely to develop anxiety disorders than women without children. She selected a sample of 900 twenty-year old women and followed them for a twenty-year period. At the start of the study, none of the women had children. By the end of the study 53% of the women had at least one child. The level of anxiety of each participant was evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study and the increase (or decrease) in anxiety was recorded. The researchers analyzed the results to determine whether there was an association between anxiety and having children.

A) retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time.
B) cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time.
C) cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.

Question 11

Determine what type of observational study is described. Explain.

-Vitamin D is important for the metabolism of calcium and exposure to sunshine is an important source of vitamin D. A researcher wanted to determine whether osteoperosis was associated with a lack of exposure to sunshine. He selected a sample of 250 women with osteoperosis and an equal number of women without osteoperosis. The two groups were matched - in other words they were similar in terms of age, diet, occupation, and exercise levels. Histories on exposure to sunshine over the previous twenty years were obtained for all women. The total number of hours that each woman had been exposed to sunshine in the previous twenty years was estimated. The amount of exposure to sunshine was compared for the two groups.

A) cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time.
B) retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time
C) cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.

Question 12

Determine what type of observational study is described. Explain.

-Can money buy happiness? A researcher wanted to determine whether there was any association between economic status and happiness. She selected a sample of 1000 adults and interviewed them. Each person was asked about their financial situation and their level of happiness was evaluated. The researcher analyzed the results to determine whether there was an association between economic status and happiness.

A) cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time.
B) retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time.
C) cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.

Question 13

Determine what type of observational study is described. Explain.

-A researcher wanted to determine whether colon cancer was associated with eating meat. He selected a sample of 500 men with colon cancer and an equal number of men without colon cancer. The two groups were matched - in other words they were similar in terms of age, occupation, income, and exercise levels. Histories on the amount of meat consumed over the previous twenty years were obtained for all men. The total amount of meat that each man eaten in the previous twenty years was estimated. The meat consumption was compared for the two groups.

A) cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time.
B) cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.
C) retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time

Question 14

The government of a town needs to determine if the city's residents will support the construction of a new town hall. The government decides to conduct a survey of a sample of the city's residents. Which one of the following procedures would be most appropriate for obtaining a sample of the town's residents?

A) Survey a random sample of employees at the old city hall.
B) Survey the first 200 people listed in the town's telephone directory.
C) Survey a random sample of persons within each geographic region of the city.
D) Survey every 4th person who walks into city hall on a given day.

Question 15

The city council of a small town needs to determine if the town's residents will support the building of a new library. The council decides to conduct a survey of a sample of the town's residents. Which one of the following procedures would be most appropriate for obtaining a sample of the town's residents?

A) Survey 500 individuals who are randomly selected from a list of all people living in the state in which the town is located.
B) Survey a random sample of persons within each neighborhood of the town.
C) Survey a random sample of librarians who live in the town.
D) Survey every 14th person who enters the old library on a given day.

Question 16

The policy committee at State University has 6 members: John, Prof. Rise, Dr. Hernandez, LaToyna, Ming, and Jose. A subcommittee of two members must be formed to investigate the visitation policy in the dormitories. List all possible simple random samples of size 2.

A) John and Prof. Rise, John and Dr. Hernandez, John and LaToyna, John and Ming, John and Jose, Prof. Rise and Dr. Hernandez, Prof. Rise and LaToyna, Prof. Rise and Ming, Prof. Rise and Jose, Dr. Hernandez and LaToyna, Dr. Hernandez and Ming, Dr. Hernandez and Jose, LaToyna and Ming, LaToyna and Jose, Ming and Jose
B) John and Prof. Rise, Dr. Hernandez and LaToyna, Ming and Jose
C) John and Prof. Rise, John and Dr. Hernandez, John and LaToyna, John and Ming, John and Jose
D) John and Prof. Rise, Prof. Rise and Dr. Hernandez, Dr. Hernandez and LaToyna, LaToyna and Ming, Ming and Jose

Question 17

Select a random sample of five state capitals from the list below using the two digit list of random numbers provided. Begin with the uppermost left random number and proceed down each column. When a column is complete, use the numbers at the top of the next right column and proceed down that column.

A) Springfield, IL; Des Moines, IA; Boston, MA; Santa Fe, NM; Columbus OH.
B) Boston, MA; Concord, NH; Dover DE; Santa Fe, NM; Richmond, VA.
C) Carson City NV; Boise ID; Atlanta, GA; Cheyenne, WY; Boston, MA.
D) Springfield, IL; Atlanta,GA; Providence, RI; Santa Fe, NM; Columbus OH.

Question 18

The top 38 cities in Wisconsin as determined by population are given below. Select a random sample of four cities from the list below using the two digit list of random numbers provided. Begin with the uppermost left random number and proceed down each column. When a column is complete, use the numbers at the top of the next right column and proceed down that column. Information was obtained from the web site http://www.citypopulation.de/USA-Wisconsin.html.

A) Manitowoc, Appleton, Greenfield, Fond du Lac.
B) Milwaukee, Eau Claire, New Berlin, West Bend.
C) Manitowoc, La Crosse, Franklin, Oshkosh.
D) Milwaukee, Madison, Green Bay, Kenosha.

Question 19

The United States can be divided into four geographical regions: Northeast, South, Midwest, and West. The Northeast region consists of 9 states; the South region consists of 16 states; the Midwest consists of 12 states; and the West consists of 13 states. If a survey is to be administered to the governors of 10 of the states and we want equal representation for the states in each of the four regions, how many states from the South should be selected? Round to the nearest whole state.

A) 5
B) 3
C) 4
D) 2

Question 20

A researcher wants to study the effects of advertising by female models upon high school boys in small Midwestern towns. The research methodology calls for selecting several small Midwestern towns that have high schools. What is the frame for this study?

A) high school students from the small Midwestern towns selected
B) all students attending high school from small Midwestern towns
C) high school boys from the small Midwestern towns selected
D) all high school boys from small Midwestern towns

Question 21

Which of the following is not true about factors?

A) Any combination of the values of the factors is called a treatment.
B) One way to control factors is to fix their level at one predetermined value throughout the experiment.
C) Factors whose effect on the response variable is not of interest can be set after the experiment.
D) Factors whose effect on the response variable interests us should be set at predetermined levels.

Question 22

A salesman boasts to a farmer that his new fertilizer will increase the yield of the farmer's crops by 15%. The farmer wishes to test the effects of the new fertilizer on her corn yield. She has four equal sized plots of land-one with sandy soil, one with rocky soil, one with clay-rich soil, and one with average soil. She divides each of the four plots into three equal sized portions and randomly labels them A, B and C. The four A portions are treated with her old fertilizer. The four B portions are treated with the new fertilizer. The four C portions receive no fertilizer. At harvest time, the corn yield is recorded for each section of land. What is the claim she is testing?

A) The A sections had at least a 15% increase in yield.
B) The new fertilizer yielded at least a 15% improvement.
C) The total yield increased at least 15%.
D) The average soil field had at least a 15% increase in yield.

Question 23

A salesman boasts to a farmer that his new fertilizer will increase the yield of the farmer's crops by 15%. The farmer wishes to test the effects of the new fertilizer on her corn yield. She has four equal sized plots of land-one with sandy soil, one with rocky soil, one with clay-rich soil, and one with average soil. She divides each of the four plots into three equal sized portions and randomly labels them A, B and C. The four A portions are treated with her old fertilizer. The four B portions are treated with the new fertilizer. The four C portions receive no fertilizer. At harvest time, the corn yield is recorded for each section of land. What is the claim she is testing?

A) The new fertilizer yielded at least a 15% improvement.
B) The total yield increased at least 15%.
C) The average soil field had at least a 15% increase in yield.
D) The A sections had at least a 15% increase in yield.

Question 24

Which of the following is not true about factors?

A) Factors whose effect on the response variable interests us should be set at predetermined levels.
B) Factors whose effect on the response variable is not of interest can be set after the experiment.
C) One way to control factors is to fix their level at one predetermined value throughout the experiment.
D) Any combination of the values of the factors is called a treatment.

Question 25

A drug company wanted to test a new indigestion medication. The researchers found 100 adults aged 25-35 and randomly assigned them to two groups. The first group received the new drug, while the second received a placebo. After one month of treatment, the percentage of each group whose indigestion symptoms decreased was recorded and compared. What is the response variable in this experiment?

A) the one month treatment time
B) the percentage who had decreased indigestion symptoms
C) the 100 adults aged 25-35
D) the type of drug (medication or placebo)

Question 26

A drug company wanted to test a new arthritis medication. The researchers found 800 adults aged 25-35 and randomly assigned them to two groups. The first group received the new drug, while the second received a placebo. After one month of treatment, the percentage of each group whose arthritis symptoms decreased was recorded and compared. What is the treatment in this experiment?

A) the 800 adults aged 25-35
B) the percentage who had decreased arthritis symptoms
C) the one month treatment time
D) the drug

Question 27

A drug company wanted to test a new depression medication. The researchers found 700 adults aged 25-35 and randomly assigned them to two groups. The first group received the new drug, while the second received a placebo. After one month of treatment, the percentage of each group whose depression symptoms decreased was recorded and compared. How many levels does the treatment in this experiment have?

A) 2 (medication or placebo)
B) 10 (age span of respondents)
C) 1 (months of treatment)
D) 700 (number of respondents)

Question 28

A drug company wanted to test a new depression medication. The researchers found 300 adults aged 25-35 and randomly assigned them to two groups. The first group received the new drug, while the second received a placebo. After one month of treatment, the percentage of each group whose depression symptoms decreased was recorded and compared. What type of experimental design is this?

A) matched-pairs design
B) single-blind design
C) completely randomized design
D) randomized block design

Question 29

A drug company wanted to test a new depression medication. The researchers found 700 adults aged 25-35 and randomly assigned them to two groups. The first group received the new drug, while the second received a placebo. After one month of treatment, the percentage of each group whose depression symptoms decreased was recorded and compared. Identify the experimental units.

A) the drug (medication or placebo)
B) the percentage who had decreased depression symptoms
C) the 700 adults aged 25-35
D) the one month treatment time

Question 30

A medical journal published the results of an experiment on insomnia. The experiment investigated the effects of a controversial new therapy for insomnia. Researchers measured the insomnia levels of 32 adult women who suffer moderate conditions of the disorder. After the therapy, the researchers again measured the women's insomnia levels. The differences between the the pre- and post-therapy insomnia levels were reported. What is the response variable in this experiment?

A) the therapy
B) the 32 adult women who suffer from insomnia
C) the disorder ( insomnia or no insomnia)
D) the differences between the the pre- and post-therapy insomnia levels

Question 31

A medical journal published the results of an experiment on depression. The experiment investigated the effects of a controversial new therapy for depression. Researchers measured the depression levels of 47 adult women who suffer moderate conditions of the disorder. After the therapy, the researchers again measured the women's depression levels. The differences between the the pre- and post-therapy depression levels were reported. What is the treatment in this experiment?

A) the differences between the the pre- and post-therapy depression levels
B) the 47 adult women who suffer from depression
C) the therapy
D) the disorder ( depression or no depression)

Question 32

A medical journal published the results of an experiment on depression. The experiment investigated the effects of a controversial new therapy for depression. Researchers measured the depression levels of 69 adult women who suffer moderate conditions of the disorder. After the therapy, the researchers again measured the women's depression levels. The differences between the the pre- and post-therapy depression levels were reported. How many levels does the treatment have in this experiment?

A) 138 (the adult women who suffer from depression measured pre- and post-therapy)
B) 2 (pre- and post-therapy)
C) 1 (therapy)
D) 69 (the adult women who suffer from depression)

Question 33

A medical journal published the results of an experiment on anxiety. The experiment investigated the effects of a controversial new therapy for anxiety. Researchers measured the anxiety levels of 91 adult women who suffer moderate conditions of the disorder. After the therapy, the researchers again measured the women's anxiety levels. The differences between the the pre- and post-therapy anxiety levels were reported. What type of experimental design is this?

A) completely randomized design
B) randomized block design
C) single-blind design
D) matched-pairs design

Question 34

A medical journal published the results of an experiment on insomnia. The experiment investigated the effects of a controversial new therapy for insomnia. Researchers measured the insomnia levels of 78 adult women who suffer moderate conditions of the disorder. After the therapy, the researchers again measured the women's insomnia levels. The differences between the the pre- and post-therapy insomnia levels were reported. Identify the experimental units.

A) the disorder ( insomnia or no insomnia)
B) the 78 adult women who suffer from insomnia
C) the differences between the pre- and post-therapy insomnia levels
D) the therapy time period (pre or post)