Deck 7: Friendship

Question 1

Compared with romantic relationships, friendships involve:

A) a greater desire for exclusivity.
B) more stringent standards of conduct.
C) fewer obligations.
D) a lesser amount of fun.

Answer 1

fewer obligations.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of how people with insecure attachment styles provide and receive social support?

A) Insecurely attached people overestimate the helpfulness of favors they receive from others compared with securely attached people.
B) People with an anxious style of attachment provide less help than securely attached people.
C) People with an avoidant style of attachment are more controlling when they provide help compared with securely attached people.
D) People who have insecure attachment styles judge the social support they receive to be less considerate compared with securely attached people.

Answer 2

People who have insecure attachment styles judge the social support they receive to be less considerate compared with securely attached people.

Question 3

In the context of research findings on friendship, which of the following statements is true?

A) People who adhere to the rules of friendship have more intimate and satisfying relationships than those who don't.
B) In general, men expect more loyalty and similarity in friendships than women do.
C) People generally expect their friends to be dissimilar to them in attitude and interests.
D) People who value their friendships show less commitment in romantic relationships than those who don't.

Answer 3

People who adhere to the rules of friendship have more intimate and satisfying relationships than those who don't.

Question 4

According to Buhrmester and Furman, in which of the following phases do children develop a need for intimacy?

A) Toddlerhood
B) The early elementary years
C) Adolescence
D) Preadolescence

Question 5

According to Buhrmester and Furman, full-blown friendships characterized by extensive self-disclosure first emerge during ________.

A) preadolescence
B) the early elementary years
C) young adulthood
D) adolescence

Question 6

Which of the following statements is supported by research on peer popularity in elementary school?

A) Peer popularity is not predictable in elementary school, so it is not a good measure of subsequent behavior.
B) Peer popularity in elementary school predicts peer popularity toward the end of high school.
C) Rejection by peers in elementary school is a risk factor for later difficulties.
D) None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

In the context of research by Buhrmester and Furman on changes in interpersonal needs as children age, which of the following is likely to occur in preadolescence?

A) Children start to understand their friends' points of view but largely see their friendships as serving self-interests.
B) Children recognize that individual friendships cannot fulfill all emotional and psychological needs and hence spend more time by themselves.
C) Children develop skills such as empathy, which form the foundation of close adult relationships.
D) Children are willing to play with any other children that are available in the search for a best friend.

Question 8

Which of the following statements best describes how attachment patterns change during the teen years?

A) Parents remain key figures for all four attachment components, but others can also serve these needs.
B) The set of attachment components gets restructured, with sex being added as a new attachment function.
C) Children begin to shift their secure base from their parents to their peers.
D) Peers begin to gradually replace parents as sources of primary attachment.

Question 9

According to attachment theorists, which of the following components of attachment involves using a partner as a foundation to explore novel environments?

A) Safe haven
B) Secure base
C) Separation protest
D) Proximity seeking

Question 10

In a study of friendship in freshmen class, it was found that college students were ________ with their social networks in the fall after they arrived at college and ________ with their social networks by the end of the spring semester.

A) satisfied; satisfied
B) dissatisfied; satisfied
C) dissatisfied; dissatisfied
D) satisfied; dissatisfied

Question 11

According to a study conducted by Werking, which of the following statements is true of friendships in midlife?

A) The amount of time spent with friends decreases when one gains a romantic partner, but it increases after marriage.
B) People tend to see much less of friends who could be construed by a spouse to be a potential romantic rival.
C) Couples tend to have less marital problems when none of their personal friendships involve their spouses.
D) When romantic couples have a lot of friends in common, it increases the total number of friends they have.

Question 12

According to Fung and Carstensen, when people age, they become oriented more toward the present than toward the future, and they emphasize emotional fulfillment to a greater extent. Which of the following theories best supports this statement?

A) Activity theory
B) Socioemotional selectivity theory
C) Continuity theory
D) Age stratification theory

Question 13

According to Marshall, McGuire, and Leaper, women's friendships are characterized by ________, while men's friendships revolve around ________.

A) competition; self-disclosure
B) self-disclosure; emotional sharing
C) emotional sharing; shared activities
D) competition; emotional sharing

Question 14

Mike frequently abuses his pet dog but seldom feels remorseful about his actions. He often exceeds the legally permitted speed limit when he is racing on his expensive bike and can be extremely insensitive to others' feelings in his arguments and criticism. According to this description, Mike is most likely to be diagnosed with:

A) narcissism.
B) borderline personality disorder.
C) Machiavellianism.
D) psychopathy.

Question 15

In the context of personality traits, the "Dark Triad" comprises:

A) narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy.
B) narcissism, sadistic personality disorder, and psychopathy.
C) bipolar disorder, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism.
D) sadistic personality disorder, bipolar disorder, and narcissism.

Question 16

In which of the following situations does loneliness occur?

A) When there is a difference between the actual level and the desired level of social contact
B) When there is a difference between the level of social contact that the person biologically needs and what he or she achieves
C) When there is a difference between the level of social contact and one's attachment style
D) All of the answers are correct.