Deck 2: The Children

Question 1

According to the research of Arnold Gesell, children ______.

A) spend development in a continual state of disequilibrium
B) spend development in a continual state of balance
C) develop in unpredictable stages
D) go through predictable stages of development

Answer 1

go through predictable stages of development

Question 2

The foundation of developmentally appropriate practice is based on ______.

A) a large survey of child caregivers
B) the work of Arnold Gesell
C) a large survey of parents
D) the work of Deborah Leong and Elena Bedrova

Answer 2

the work of Arnold Gesell

Question 3

Judging from the actions of the children below, which child is most likely a newborn?

A) Arman, who reflexively throws his hands up when startled
B) Katelyn, who picks up small objects with her thumb and forefinger
C) Louise, who smiles when she wants attention from a caregiver
D) Jordan, who kicks a toy to make it play music

Answer 3

Arman, who reflexively throws his hands up when startled

Question 4

Lloyd is a normal, healthy six-month-old. Which of the following skills has he probably just mastered?

A) holding objects with the thumb and forefinger
B) saying four or five words
C) walking
D) rolling over

Question 5

Infants are most likely to signal recognition of ______.

A) peers
B) parents
C) shapes
D) colors

Question 6

During the second year, a child's vocabulary can grow to ______ words.

A) 10
B) 50
C) 300
D) 4,000

Question 7

Toddlers are ______.

A) incapable of displaying empathy
B) obsessed with their physical safety
C) likely to engage in interactive play
D) likely to imitate people while playing

Question 8

The two skills that most clearly differentiate babyhood from childhood are ______.

A) potty training and cooperative play
B) language and motor control
C) reading and writing
D) walking and crawling

Question 9

Suppose that you are going to observe a room full of two-year-olds. Which behavior are you most likely to see?

A) two children working together to build a puzzle
B) a group of children taking turns sharing a pair of binoculars
C) a child repeatedly trying to stack two boxes on top of one another
D) a child waiting until the caregiver is done talking to grab a toy

Question 10

In which age group do the skills and appearance of children first demonstrate that they should no longer be considered babies?

A) two-year olds
B) three-year-olds
C) four-year-olds
D) six-to-eight-year-olds

Question 11

The social interactions of four-year-olds ______.

A) focus on physical action with limited language use
B) consist mainly of solitary and parallel play
C) are greatly increased due to improved language skills
D) are marked by increased reluctance to cooperate with peers

Question 12

Compared to younger children, five-year-olds are ______.

A) better at judging their own ability
B) more likely to do activities for the enjoyment of doing them
C) less likely to collaborate in their play
D) less inclined to take responsibilities seriously

Question 13

You are observing a classroom of five-year-olds. What are you most likely to see?

A) children using simple sentences with poor articulation
B) children trying to perform physical feats beyond their capabilities
C) group play sessions that can be quite imaginative
D) an absence of sharing or turn-taking during play

Question 14

Maria is a teacher in a classroom of five-year-olds. In her classroom, Maria should avoid ______.

A) putting responsibility on the children
B) assigning group projects
C) placing limitations or rules on the children
D) limiting group play to short time periods

Question 15

Before- and after-school programs were created mainly for ______.

A) children at low intellectual levels
B) children at high intellectual levels
C) young elementary students from the working class
D) preschool students from wealthy families

Question 16

The close friendships of six-to eight-year-olds are most likely to be with ______.

A) adult caregivers
B) same-sex peers
C) opposite-sex peers
D) younger children

Question 17

Young children are most likely to mirror their ______.

A) primary environment
B) secondary environment
C) teachers
D) peers

Question 18

The primary environment of children refers to their ______.

A) home and family
B) school and teachers
C) school and peers
D) town and neighbors

Question 19

Teachers must make an effort to ______.

A) promote what children experience at home
B) avoid speaking negatively about what children experience at home
C) call out the negative things children experience at home
D) avoid discussing or acknowledging what children experience at home

Question 20

Most child development experts agree that play ______.

A) delays development of social skills
B) is a major way in which children learn
C) should be free of rules from adults
D) is unnecessary once a child begins school

Question 21

Many researchers say that as a result of societal changes, ______.

A) schools should provide more opportunities for play
B) most play should be done through virtual reality
C) play is not as beneficial for children as once thought
D) children now spend too much time engaged in play

Question 22

Experts believe that play ______.

A) greatly affects a young child's readiness for school
B) has no effect on a young child's readiness for school
C) can eliminate a young child's need to attend school
D) lowers the age at which a young child must start to attend school

Question 23

In 1932, Mildred Parten carried out a landmark study of children's ______.

A) different abilities
B) language
C) play
D) intelligence testing

Question 24

Adair walks around the classroom and watches some other kids bouncing a ball. Then he goes and looks at the playhouse, but he does not climb on it. After that, he looks at the pretend kitchen without touching any of the plastic food or utensils. Adair is engaged in ______.

A) associative play
B) unoccupied behavior
C) parallel play
D) cooperative play

Question 25

Yael is a two-year-old who stands right behind a group of children playing with race cars. She smiles and seems interested, but she does not join them. What type of play is Yael engaging in?

A) solitary
B) associative
C) parallel
D) onlooker

Question 26

Ben and Gus see a cluster of bushes on the playground. They decide they will build a fort out of it. They decide together that Ben will find something to make a door to close a gap, and Gus will make a bridge over an imaginary river. When they are done, they will take turns guarding the door and driving across the bridge. What type of play are they engaging in?

A) cooperative
B) associative
C) parallel
D) onlooker

Question 27

If you were assigned the task of determining whether or not a group of children was engaged in associative play, what would you look for?

A) focus on a common goal and communicate about activity
B) lack of direct interaction as each use similar materials
C) sharing of materials but no engagement in a common activity
D) use of similar toys but lack of interaction with each other

Question 28

As you watch a group of children beginning to play, Alejandro begins walking with a limp and talking in a deep voice to mimic the character he is representing. Which element of play does this represent?

A) roles
B) props
C) scenario
D) plan

Question 29

In a classroom, Kareem gathers some empty paper towel tubes and makes them into a fence, and then he uses a trash can to build a car. Which element of play does this represent?

A) roles
B) props
C) scenario
D) plan

Question 30

Which type of play should be avoided by young children?

A) self-selected
B) open-ended
C) highly competitive
D) organized games

Question 31

Which of the following students is using the most advanced stage of language in their play?

A) Alan, who uses language to describe actions
B) Jasmine, who speaks few words
C) Ursula, who describes roles and actions
D) Jackson, who delineates scenarios, roles, and actions

Question 32

How can brain development during infancy be described?

A) very fast
B) very slow
C) moderate
D) stagnant

Question 33

Which of the following statements about brain development is true?

A) All parts of the brain are used for all types of activities.
B) The most complex parts of the brain are only used in infancy.
C) Different parts of the brain are used at different stages of development.
D) Primitive parts of the brain are not activated until puberty.

Question 34

What do we call children's evaluation of their worth in positive or negative terms?

A) self-esteem
B) self-concept
C) personal control
D) temperament

Question 35

Perceived competence is ______.

A) the feeling of having the power to make things happen or to stop things from happening
B) children's evaluation of their worth in positive or negative terms
C) perceptions and feelings children have about themselves gathered largely from the responses of the important people in their world
D) the child's belief in his or her ability to succeed in a given task

Question 36

Shania is a young child who feels she can determine whether or not she has a good day and what will happen to her each day. Shania is displaying ______.

A) self-concept
B) developmental delay
C) personal control
D) perceived competence

Question 37

A student will have heightened self-concept if the values at the home and school are ______.

A) contradictory
B) the same
C) different
D) relaxed

Question 38

A problem in development, usually organic, resulting in below-normal performance is known as ______.

A) fragile X syndrome
B) a developmental delay
C) an inclusion
D) a deficit

Question 39

Which law was passed to guarantee a "free and appropriate public education" for all children with disabilities between the ages of 3 and 21?

A) Education for All Handicapped Children Act
B) Americans with Disabilities Act
C) Public Law 99-457
D) Public Law 101-336

Question 40

What term means that children accomplish tasks in one or more developmental areas at a considerably later age than their peers?

A) attention deficit disorder
B) autism spectrum disorder
C) developmental delay
D) learning disability

Question 41

Which of the following laws was passed first?

A) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
B) Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments
C) Americans with Disabilities Act
D) Education for All Handicapped Children Act

Question 42

Programs that are as close as possible to settings designed for children without disabilities, while remaining appropriate for their unique needs, are referred to as ______.

A) high-ability settings
B) Head Start programs
C) the least restrictive environment
D) developmentally at-risk programs

Question 43

The integration of children with special challenges into regular programs is known as ______.

A) personal control
B) inclusion
C) perceived competence
D) individualized family service

Question 44

Cerebral palsy is primarily classified as a(n) ______ challenge.

A) learning
B) physical
C) verbal
D) auditory

Question 45

Which student would be most helped by a teacher placing materials at a low height and spacing desks in wide rows?

A) Tommy, a hearing-impaired student
B) Max, a student with cerebral palsy
C) Megan, a student with vison impairment
D) Flint, an intellectually gifted student

Question 46

Which student would be most helped by a teacher using tactile learning aids, placing objects that make distinct sounds in different parts of the room, and storing materials in the same place in a clutter-free manner?

A) Tommy, a hearing-impaired student
B) Max, a student with cerebral palsy
C) Megan, a student with vison impairment
D) Flint, an intellectually gifted student

Question 47

Which student would be most helped by a teacher using lots of visual aids, turning off a loud fan, and labeling items around the classroom?

A) Tommy, a hearing-impaired student
B) Max, a student with cerebral palsy
C) Megan, a student with vison impairment
D) Flint, an intellectually gifted student

Question 48

Orion is a student who trails behind his classmates in language use and cognitive ability. He is not very tall, and he has a noticeably round head and slanted eyes. Orion most likely has ______.

A) Down syndrome
B) fragile X syndrome
C) attention deficit disorder
D) autism spectrum disorder

Question 49

Sophia has a small head, is hyperactive and easily distracted, and has poor impulse control. Her condition was most likely caused by ______.

A) lack of close attachment in infancy
B) a severe ear infection
C) her mother's alcohol consumption
D) a lack of oxygen to the brain

Question 50

In children with hearing impairments, using a combination of methods such as sign language, speech reading, and hearing aids is known as ______.

A) a total communication approach
B) an individualized education plan
C) the least restrictive environment
D) an individualized family service plan

Question 51

A socioemotional disorder of unknown origin in which the child's social, language, and other behaviors are inappropriate and often bizarre is known as ______.

A) fragile X syndrome
B) autism spectrum disorder
C) fetal alcohol syndrome
D) Down syndrome

Question 52

Children whose IQs fall between 35-40 and 50-55 are considered to have ______ intellectual delays.

A) mild
B) moderate
C) severe
D) profound

Question 53

Gifted children are those who ______.

A) have developmental and language delays, poor impulse control, difficulty in grasping abstract concepts, hyperactivity, distractibility, and sensory/perceptual problems
B) have very short attention spans, undue restlessness, poor impulse control, inability to concentrate, and great distractibility
C) exhibit a variety of inappropriate behaviors that indicate an inability to read and respond to everyday social cues
D) perform significantly above average in intellectual and creative areas

Question 54

Which of the following statements about students' families is true?

A) Families of normal children rarely wonder if their child is abnormal.
B) Families of normal children often wonder if their child is abnormal.
C) Families of children with abnormalities rarely wonder if their child is abnormal.
D) Families of most children do not wonder if their child is abnormal.

Question 55

If a family comes to an early childhood teacher with concerns about their child's development, the teacher should ______.

A) dismiss their concerns and assure them that developmental issues are rare
B) refer them to an expert or reassure them, based on their experiences
C) explain to them that they cannot legally get involved
D) immediately refer them to a social worker

Question 56

Families of children with special issues ______.

A) face lower financial burdens
B) face a variety of extra stresses
C) rarely want to admit their children into early education programs
D) are seldom allowed to enroll their children in early childhood programs

Question 57

In general, families of children with special issues ______.

A) deal with the situation best if they are left alone
B) follow one of three possible approaches to deal with the situation
C) deal with things differently depending upon their circumstances
D) all follow the same pattern of dealing with the issues

Question 58

Astute teachers realize that families who have children with special challenges ______.

A) should be treated like every other family
B) must make major adjustments
C) do not want or need their advice
D) are incapable of making sound decisions

Question 59

The legal ability of the family to influence the education of special needs students has ______.

A) always been part of the educational system
B) yet to be granted
C) only come about in recent times
D) been granted and denied in a repeated cycle

Question 60

Development of an Individualized Education Plan for preschoolers and an Individualized Family Service Plan for children under the age of three both ______.

A) are created by a panel of outside experts
B) involve the teacher and the parents
C) leave the teacher out of the process
D) apply only to private educational facilities

Question 61

Infants are less than one year old.

Question 62

One-year-olds are called toddlers.

Question 63

All early childhood programs place two-year-olds in preschool groups.

Question 64

Two-year-olds usually engage in activities with a goal in mind.

Question 65

Five-year-olds tend to avoid responsibility.

Question 66

In parallel play, children use similar materials or toys in similar ways but do not interact with each other.

Question 67

In associative play, a child stands nearby watching others at play, without joining in.

Question 68

Adults rarely confuse rough-and-tumble play with fighting.

Question 69

Perceived competence refers to children's evaluation of their worth in positive or negative terms.

Question 70

An easygoing temperament involves having a moderate activity level, predictable schedule of sleeping and eating, and a positive attitude toward and curiosity in new experiences.

Question 71

A developmental delay involves development that is in some way different from that of most children.

Question 72

Public Law 94-142 (Education for All Handicapped Children Act) was passed in 2005.

Question 73

Programs that are as close as possible to settings designed for children without disabilities, while remaining appropriate for the unique needs of children with disabilities, constitute the least restrictive environment.

Question 74

Mild intellectual delays involve an IQ in the range between 70-75 and 100.

Question 75

Fragile X syndrome is more common in girls than in boys.

Question 76

Families often compare the development of different children.

Question 77

Each family reacts differently to having a special needs child.

Question 78

Individualized Family Service Plans apply to children under three.

Question 79

Individualized Education Plans are developed exclusively by parents.

Question 80

Teachers should help families focus more on the disability and differences between their child and other children.