Deck 1: The Scope of and Need for Early Childhood Education

Question 1

DAP stands for ______.

A) directly able procedure
B) developmentally able practice
C) developmentally appropriate practice
D) developmentally appropriate procedure

Answer 1

developmentally appropriate practice

Question 2

DAP was developed collaboratively by the ______ with input from many professionals.

A) Children's Defense Fund
B) Early Child Care Research Network
C) Early Childhood Professional Preparation Programs
D) National Association for the Education of Young Children

Answer 2

National Association for the Education of Young Children

Question 3

NAEYC's decisions about what is good for children are influenced by ______.

A) legislation passed by the U.S. Congress
B) an understanding of the social contexts in which children are raised
C) the biases of school administrators
D) surveys sponsored by local educational groups

Answer 3

an understanding of the social contexts in which children are raised

Question 4

NAEYC ______ are criteria that should be met by early childhood education academic preparation programs and the individuals who graduate from these programs.

A) ethics
B) standards
C) laws
D) regulations

Question 5

Which of the following is necessary to make decisions that are good for children?

A) a desire to help children conform to the dominant culture
B) adherence to a universal set of values and norms
C) the ability to challenge children to reach beyond their current state
D) an understanding of each individual child in a group

Question 6

Which of the following is an accurate statement about DAP?

A) It involves matching teaching practices with knowledge about young children's development.
B) It promotes home-based settings for child care.
C) It emphasizes the importance of the extended family over the nuclear family in child development.
D) It focuses on providing a safe environment for latch-key children.

Question 7

Which example most likely shows the influence of the NAEYC?

A) A child care program holds itself accountable to an established set of standards.
B) A child graduates from a child care program with few social skills.
C) Many teachers at a child care program disagree with DAP.
D) A home-school teacher bases her curriculum on how her parents raised her.

Question 8

Which example most likely shows the influence of DAP?

A) The head of a child care program rarely reads current child education periodicals.
B) A child care program hires an assistant who is just learning about child education.
C) A child care program matches its curriculum with the latest research about child development.
D) Parents feel that an emphasis on child advocacy is unnecessary.

Question 9

Which example shows the influence of NAEYC on DAP?

A) DAP covers infant and toddler development more than preschooler development.
B) DAP is committed to giving a strong voice to children.
C) DAP covers preschoolers' development more than that of primary children.
D) DAP is committed to giving a strong voice to teacher rights.

Question 10

In recent years, the media has focused mainly on which of the following aspects of education for young children?

A) the shift from center-based settings to home-based settings
B) changes in families that have reduced the need for employer-supported programs
C) the movement from a separated curriculum to an integrated curriculum
D) changes in families that have increased the need for child care outside the home

Question 11

The increase in dual-income families is a key factor in the ______.

A) growth in structural quality measurements of child care
B) rising need for child care outside the home
C) decline in structural quality measurements of child care
D) increased need to include diverse populations

Question 12

Which of the following has contributed to the increased need for child care outside the home?

A) an increase in single-parent families
B) the reduced mobility of families
C) an increase in the impact of the extended family
D) a decrease in the cost of living

Question 13

Which example most accurately reflects a current trend in employment?

A) In 1970, 20 out of 60 employees at Trask, Inc were women; in 2018, 8 out of 65 employees were women.
B) In 1970, 15 out of 50 employees at Jamison, Inc were women; in 2018, 14 out of 50 employees were women.
C) In 1970, 5 out of 100 employees at DGK, Inc were women; in 2018, 50 out of 120 employees were women.
D) In 1970, 25 out of 200 employees at GoGetter, Inc were women; in 2018, 29 out of 210 employees were women.

Question 14

Over the past decade, which of the following trends has happened?

A) Single mothers have become less common.
B) A decreasing number of children are living with two parents.
C) An increasing number of children have been born outside of marriage.
D) Divorced fathers with joint custody of their children have become less common.

Question 15

Which example reflects current nationwide trends concerning families?

A) In a city, the number of single-parent families caused by divorce has increased.
B) In a rural county, the number of children living with two parents has decreased by 15 percent.
C) In an urban county, there are more single-parent families headed by a father than a mother.
D) In a small town, the number of single mothers has increased 20 percent in 10 years.

Question 16

Over the past decade, ______ percent of single women who have one or more children were never married.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 75

Question 17

Which of the following are key characteristics of most single-parent families?

A) headed by father; parent works; more likely to be wealthy than two-parent families
B) headed by mother; parent works; more likely to be poor than two-parent families
C) headed by mother; parent unemployed; more likely to be poor than two-parent families
D) headed by father; parent unemployed; more likely to be poor than two-parent families

Question 18

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between current families and families during World War II?

A) In current families, more mothers stay at home than in the past.
B) More current families have two parents working than in the past.
C) Current families are less likely to divorce than in the past.
D) Fewer current families consist of single mothers and children than in the past.

Question 19

Which of the following would be a member of a child's extended family?

A) mother
B) father
C) sibling
D) grandparent

Question 20

Which of the following contributed to the declining influence of the extended family?

A) the decrease in divorce rates
B) the decreased mobility of the nuclear family
C) the increase in divorce rates
D) the increased mobility of the nuclear family

Question 21

Which example demonstrates an important reason why the influence of the extended family has decreased?

A) The Kowalskis stayed in the same house while the parents changed jobs four times in five years.
B) The Tanaka family lived in their house for 25 years.
C) The Rodriguez family moved to a new house 10 miles from their old house.
D) The Jones family moved to three different cities in five years because of job relocation.

Question 22

Which of the following is a common way that good early childhood programs make a difference?

A) increased debt for single-parent families
B) decreased academic performance for children
C) decreased chance of delinquency by the children
D) increased attachment to the extended family for children

Question 23

According to Dr. T. Berry Brazelton, which segment of society is subject to more deprivations than any other segment?

A) children
B) teenagers
C) middle-aged people
D) elderly people

Question 24

The purpose of enrichment in early childhood education is especially evident in programs for ______.

A) infants and toddlers
B) part-time preschools
C) part-time kindergarten
D) full-time kindergarten

Question 25

What is the underlying principle concerning enrichment in early childhood education?

A) Children benefit from being exposed to accelerated curriculum.
B) Children benefit from experiences they may not receive at home.
C) Children need to have a nurturing environment if it is not provided at home.
D) Children need to be given didactic activities with high teacher control.

Question 26

According to experts, which is the least enriching activity for children in early childhood education?

A) learning concepts from specially trained teachers
B) playing with children the same age
C) taking part in group activities
D) performing accelerated, academic activities

Question 27

Which example is likely to be the most enriching for children in early childhood education?

A) Four-year-old Mark plays with other children who are four years old.
B) Four-year-old Meryl memorizes the capitals of the states.
C) Five-year-old Juan learns his multiplication tables.
D) Three-year-old Lucy memorizes her ABCs.

Question 28

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning early childhood education?

A) Most programs focus on one purpose, such as compensation.
B) Many programs combine purposes, such as enrichment and compensation.
C) Most programs emphasize compensation more than safety.
D) Many programs ignore providing enrichment.

Question 29

______ programs try to make up for a lack in children's backgrounds.

A) Compensation
B) Enrichment
C) Safe-place
D) Socialization

Question 30

Which of the following would benefit the most from a compensation program?

A) The Fairchild family worries about leaving their child with a babysitter because of the high-crime rate.
B) Four-year-old Norma often plays alone because of a lack of playmates in her neighborhood.
C) The Johnson family cannot afford to give their children dental care.
D) Four-year-old Arnold wishes he could take part in group activities when his parents are at work.

Question 31

Four-year-old Marietta wishes she had more friends who are her age. Judging from this information, Marietta would benefit the most from a program that provides ______.

A) a nurturing environment
B) a safe place
C) compensation
D) enrichment

Question 32

Which of the following people would be the most typical provider of a family child care home?

A) John has no children.
B) Sofia has no children.
C) Alonso is the father of two children, ages four and five.
D) Ha-yoon is the mother of three children, ages three to six.

Question 33

According to studies, which of the following would most likely have the lowest quality of child care?

A) an unlicensed family child care home
B) a licensed family child care home
C) a center-based program
D) relatives taking care of children

Question 34

Which example best represents recent trends in child care in the United States?

A) The Seedling Child Care Home expands services to include primary children.
B) The Oak Tree Child Care Center eliminates its services for infants and toddlers.
C) The Acorn Child Care Home eliminates after-school programs for kindergarten children.
D) The Sunshine Child Care Center opens a new branch for infants and toddlers.

Question 35

Who is an example of a latch-key child?

A) After school, Donna's mother drives her to a child care center, and then the mother goes to work.
B) After school, Kaito returns to an empty home and waits two hours before his parents arrive.
C) After school, Bandile returns to his home, where his grandmother makes him a snack.
D) After school, Darya takes a school bus to a family child care home in her neighborhood.

Question 36

A church sponsors the Little Heaven Child Care Center. Considering this, the center is most likely ______.

A) not-for-profit
B) for-profit
C) publicly supported
D) employer-supported

Question 37

How do employer-supported child care programs help the employer?

A) They encourage investors to give donations to businesses.
B) They provide businesses with significant tax breaks.
C) They tend to improve the work performances of employees whose children are being cared for.
D) They increase the turnover of employees whose children are being cared for.

Question 38

Four-year-old Stacey attends a high-quality child care program that has a high percentage of professional educators. Considering this, Stacy most likely attends which of the following?

A) a not-for-profit program
B) a military-supported program
C) a university-affiliated program
D) an employer-supported program

Question 39

Which of the following is a main goal of Head Start?

A) to make significant profits
B) to teach foreign-born children American culture
C) to provide superior child care to the wealthy
D) to break the cycle of poverty

Question 40

Which of the following is most likely an example of a state-funded child care program?

A) Lily is part of a research study at her program.
B) Aiden attends a program located where his mother works.
C) Because Emma is at risk for academic failure, she is allowed to enter a program.
D) Because of Connor shows high aptitude, he is allowed to enter a program.

Question 41

Which of the following statements most accurately describes quality in child care?

A) It is a complex interaction of various elements.
B) It is based on the effectiveness of teaching cognitive and language skills.
C) It is based mainly on the effectiveness of teaching cognitive skills.
D) It depends on the type of theory used as the basis for analysis.

Question 42

______ quality includes characteristics such as adult-to-child ratio, group size, and teachers' education.

A) Integrated
B) Conceptual
C) Process
D) Structural

Question 43

Which example shows adult-child ratio?

A) Jeremy is in a class with 40 students and two teachers.
B) Lara has 10 classmates on her team.
C) Ernesto has a teacher who graduated from Harvard.
D) Raquel has three teachers for her class.

Question 44

According to NAEYC, which age group should have the lowest adult-child ratio?

A) infants
B) toddlers
C) three-year-olds
D) four- and five-year-olds

Question 45

Which group would most likely have children who are highly cooperative, innovative, and verbal?

A) a group of 40 children
B) a group of 25 children
C) a group of 15 children
D) a group of 7 children

Question 46

Jasmine has extensive training in dealing with autistic children. Considering this, Jasmine is likely to be ______ towards children than teachers without much training.

A) less engaging
B) less interactive
C) more positive
D) more punitive

Question 47

Which of the following is a process quality element?

A) child-adult ratio
B) group size
C) staff qualifications
D) intentional teaching

Question 48

Which example best shows a process quality element?

A) Mathias teaches three-year-olds more effectively with an adult student ratio of 1 to 5.
B) Katlin is in charge of a group of 10 four-year-olds.
C) Onni has a degree in special education from Northwestern University.
D) Birta is extremely responsive to the needs of her students.

Question 49

Which of the following is an accurate statement about CLASS?

A) It examines aspects of teaching tied to structural quality.
B) It measures the quality of interaction between teacher and students.
C) It determines the best adult-student ratio for various age groups.
D) It is one of several observational teacher-assessment tools that links teacher behavior and student gains.

Question 50

Which example shows social and emotional support?

A) Realizing that a child is shy, Valentina provides encouragement for her.
B) Ximena establishes a rule that students may not talk when she is providing instructions.
C) Diego makes sure all his students have the materials needed to complete their activities.
D) After a child provides an answer, Santiago often paraphrases it using an expanded vocabulary.

Question 51

Which of the following will most likely happen in the future?

A) More and more families will have only one parent working.
B) The rate of child poverty will continue to drop.
C) Jobs in early childhood education will continue to increase.
D) The need for elementary teachers will decline.

Question 52

Considering current trends, why will the need for bilingual teachers most likely increase?

A) The number of children from families whose first language is not English will increase.
B) The number of teaching jobs overseas will increase.
C) The number of student exchange programs with Latin American countries will increase.
D) The number of families with parents of mixed backgrounds with increase.

Question 53

Considering current trends, which example will most likely happen in employer-supported early child care?

A) At Geldin, Ltd., the number of vouchers for early child care decreases.
B) At GTR, Inc, the child care program is eliminated.
C) At Kavin Industries, the child care program expands.
D) At Rosco, Inc. the number of teacher of early childhood education remains constant.

Question 54

Which is currently under the greatest pressure to demonstrate that it is making a difference in children's development?

A) college-affiliated child care
B) employer-supported child care
C) for-profit child care
D) federally funded child care

Question 55

According to Helburn, which is the only system with the ability to provide funding for a cohesive system of child care through which all American children are covered?

A) universities
B) the federal government
C) church associations
D) businesses

Question 56

Which is the most pressing need for publicly funded programs for young children?

A) making employment opportunities in child care available to families
B) placing more programs in urban instead of rural areas
C) getting political and financial support for full-day care for children
D) expanding services to children under the age of three

Question 57

Which example shows the biggest problem with publicly funded child care programs?

A) Because Tina works full-time, she is having difficulty finding child care for her daughter that covers the entire work day.
B) Because Larry works in a rural town, he is having difficulty finding nearby child care for his son.
C) Because Trisha has a two-year-old son, she is having difficulty finding a child care center that will take him.
D) Because Charles needs extra income, he wants a part-time job at his son's child care center but is not allowed to apply.

Question 58

Which example most closely represents one of the predicted trends for the future of early childhood education?

A) Chen attends a program that has no lessons for English-language learners.
B) Maurice attends a program that teaches subjects like math and English separately.
C) Mateo attends a program that takes into account his Mexican culture.
D) Stephen attends a program that emphasizes mostly cognitive skills.

Question 59

Which of the following shows a predicted difference between present-day child care programs and child care programs in the future?

A) Future programs will have fewer children living in poverty than current programs do.
B) In future programs, children from foreign countries will be urged to give up their home cultures more than they are now.
C) Future programs will have less staff turnover than current programs do.
D) Children with disabilities will be integrated more into future programs than in current programs.

Question 60

Which example represents a predicted future direction for child care programs?

A) Bob is in a class that focuses on a learning curriculum that teaches every subject separately.
B) Barbara is in a class that has a teacher with few academic qualifications.
C) Sean is in a class that teaches about the various religious backgrounds of the students.
D) Margaret is in a class where very few group activities take place.

Question 61

A core concept of the field of early childhood education is the importance of matching practice with what we know about the development of young children.

Question 62

The major basis for DAP is its compelling and lasting commitment to a strong voice for teachers.

Question 63

Fundamental changes in the economy and family life have had a profound effect on early childhood education.

Question 64

In recent years, the number of teenage parents has decreased, thereby reducing the need for child care outside the home.

Question 65

In recent decades, an increasing number of women are entering the workforce.

Question 66

Center-based care is most widely used for infants and toddlers.

Question 67

Although early intervention programs are costly, they have many long-term economic benefits.

Question 68

In recent years, the number of children living in poverty has increased significantly partly because of the widening gap between the wealthy and the poor.

Question 69

The primary goal of child care programs is to provide safe and nurturing care in a developmentally appropriate setting for children.

Question 70

Employer-supported programs are known for focusing on compensation.

Question 71

Less than half of young children are cared for in center-based programs.

Question 72

Center-based programs have had the greatest increase among the types of early childhood programs offered in the United States.

Question 73

Integrated curriculum acknowledges the importance of all aspects of human development rather than focusing primarily on the cognitive.

Question 74

Because the main focus of Head Start is to provide disadvantaged children with a good education, it pays little attention to the health care needs of the children in its programs.

Question 75

Process quality includes characteristics that could be viewed as more indirect.

Question 76

Structural quality by itself is sufficient for ensuring a program has high quality.

Question 77

Research showing the importance of process quality elements in early childhood education brought about the development of CLASS.

Question 78

Two-parent families will most likely continue to have both parents in the workforce and continue to need care for their young children.

Question 79

The rate of turnover for early childhood professionals will probably decrease in the next ten years.

Question 80

Because of increased public attention, there is a greater willingness to address with more depth the lack of a cohesive and consolidated social policy within which to consider child and family matters.