Deck 12: Health-Care Interaction: Screening, Utilization, Adherence, and Relapse

Question 1

People who have a high level of anxiety about a given disease are more likely to screen than those who have only a moderate level of anxiety.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A danger of a false positive screening test is unwarranted medical procedures.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Intentional nonadherence occurs when people deliberately modify their treatment recommendations in some way.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

People who are bored with their job and socially isolated tend to notice symptoms less quickly than those who are not.

Question 5

Alcoholics Anonymous is based on the moral/ self-control theory of addiction.

Question 6

Doctors who earn more money tend to involve their patients more in making diagnostic and treatment decisions.

Question 7

Health care providers should give straightforward explanations about problems and its treatments to their patients.

Question 8

Alcoholics who undergo training in cue exposure techniques are less likely to suffer a relapse than those who do not.

Question 9

The majority of women benefit greatly from having a regular mammogram.

Question 10

Researchers have found that women's beliefs about their control over various health-related behaviors influence how likely they are to follow screening recommendations.

Question 11

Although some guidelines on early detection of prostate cancer recommend biopsy for those with a high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) score, this procedure has no impact on life expectancy.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about screening is FALSE?

A) Regular screening prevents health problems from developing.
B) Early detection of some types of cancer reduces cancer deaths as much as 30%.
C) Screening tests can help detect a treatable disease in its early stages
D) Screening behaviors such as having your teeth cleaned, and getting your blood pressure checked are secondary prevention strategies.

Question 13

Screening tests are currently available to test whether a person is at risk of acquiring all of the following diseases EXCEPT:

A) Autism
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Breast cancer

Question 14

Who should be MOST likely to engage in regular screening behavior?

A) Joe, who is very conscientious about his health
B) Julie, who is extremely concerned about developing breast cancer, because her mother died of this disease
C) Jamie, who isn't at all concerned with developing breast cancer, because she thinks that is a disease only of older women
D) Joseph, whose doctor doesn't mention screening at all

Question 15

Which of the following is a potential costs of screening?

A) Psychological harm from a positive result
B) Failure to reduce uncertainty
C) Possibility of an inaccurate result
D) All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the strategies used to increase screening?

A) Providing reminders to screen.
B) Asking people to form specific plans for screening.
C) Emphasizing the dangerous consequences of failing to screen.
D) Increasing the convenience of screening.

Question 17

Behavior that is designed to determine one's health status after experiencing symptoms is:

A) Health behavior
B) Symptom or illness behavior
C) Sick-role behavior
D) Wellness behavior

Question 18

The phenenomenon in which people's expectations about the symptoms they should experience causes such symptoms is:

A) Commonsense illness representation
B) Mass psychogenic illness
C) Sick-role behavior
D) Symptom behavior

Question 19

According to the self-regulatory model of illness behavior, which step follows the identification and cause of an illness?

A) Time line of the illness
B) Consequences of the illness
C) Treatment for the illness
D) Strategies for curing the illness

Question 20

The time between when people acknowledge they are sick and decide that help from a professional is required:

A) Appraisal delay
B) Illness delay
C) Scheduling delay
D) Treatment delay

Question 21

The biggest predictor of length of delay during the appraisal phase is:

A) Nature of the symptoms
B) Concern about the impact of the symptom
C) Reliance on a lay referral network
D) Belief that the disease can't be cured

Question 22

Which of the following statements about health care utilization is FALSE?

A) People in low socioeconomic classes are more likely to seek help from emergency rooms than private doctor's offices.
B) People who are very old seek health care less often than those who are younger.
C) Women seek health care more than men.
D) People with hypochondriasis seek health care even for minor symptoms.

Question 23

All of the following factors contribute to patient-practitioner communication problems EXCEPT:

A) Patients' tendency to disclose too much irrelevant information to doctors
B) Patients' tendency to minimize the pain they are experiencing
C) Practitioners' tendency to interrupt patients' descriptions of their symptoms
D) Patients' tendency to forget or misunderstand the information they are given

Question 24

Miles has an interactive relationship with his doctor, in which they both share information and make health care decisions together. This relationship is a good example of which type of model of the patient-practitioner relationship?

A) Activity-passivity
B) Guidance-cooperation
C) Mutual participation
D) Interactive

Question 25

All of the following factors are thought to contribute to burnout in medical professionals EXCEPT:

A) The emotional demands of interacting with patients.
B) The high cost of medical school
C) The relative lack of control over their environment
D) The consistent experience of failure

Question 26

Which of the following statements about the consequences of nonadherence is FALSE?

A) Nonadherence can lead to overdosing
B) Nonadherence can lead to the development of drug-resistant strains of viruses
C) Nonadherence can lead to poorer health care outcomes, including death
D) Nonadherence can lead to an inability to see significant symptoms.

Question 27

Intentional nonadherence can be caused by all of the following factors EXCEPT:

A) Aspects of the treatment, such as side effects
B) Individual differences, such as self-efficacy and perceived vulnerability
C) Social factors, such as social support
D) Lack of information from the physician regarding adherence instructions

Question 28

The most accurate method of measuring adherence is:

A) self-report
B) Pill or bottle counts
C) Therapeutic outcomes
D) Blood or urine tests

Question 29

All of the following strategies have been shown to increase adherence EXCEPT:

A) Providing easy-to-understand written materials
B) Providing severe punishments for lack of adherence
C) Providing reminders about adherence instructions
D) Providing incentives or rewards for successful adherence

Question 30

Which of the following people should be LEAST likely to adhere to medical recommendations?

A) Elaine, whose doctor strongly suggested that she comply with her treatment regimen
B) Jerry, whose girlfriend encourages him to take his medication each morning
C) George, who has a strong belief in his ability to successfully take his medication each day
D) Kramer, who is on a very limited income

Question 31

Which theory of addiction sees addictive behavior as caused by some type of moral weakness?

A) Self-control theory
B) Social learning theory
C) Disease model
D) Relapse model

Question 32

The emotional state most likely to trigger relapse is:

A) Negative emotions, such as boredom, anger, and frustration
B) Positive emotions, such as happiness, joy, and excitement
C) Social pressure situations
D) Interpersonal conflict situations

Question 33

Which of the following people should be MOST likely to relapse to their prior behavior?

A) Gordon, who experiences several major life events
B) Adam, who received training in cue exposure techniques
C) Jeff, who joined a yoga class to reduce his stress
D) Steve, whose wife also changed her behavior to support his new behavior

Question 34

All of the following strategies for preventing relapse should be effective EXCEPT:

A) Identifying high-risk situations that lead to cravings for a given substance
B) Spending time in tempting situations to develop self-control over a given substance
C) Receiving training in ways to handle high-risk situations in new ways
D) Setting clear, attainable goals and incentives for reaching these goals

Question 35

The abstinence violation effect refers to:

A) People's expectation that they will never give in to temptation, which can then lead a lapse in behavior to become a total relapse
B) The problem of immediate gratification, in which people focus on the short-term benefits of relapse as opposed to their long-term costs
C) People's inability to quit a given negative behavior "cold-turkey"
D) The breakdown of cognitive redefinition techniques which lead to a relapse

Question 36

In recent research by Hall, when the patient was _____________ the students perceived her as less seriously ill, less in need of lab tests and follow-up care, and more likely to require psychiatric evaluation than when the patient was _________.

A) an older adult, a younger adult
B) a female, male
C) a younger adult, an older adult
D) a male, female

Question 37

Research on doctor-patient communication shows that patients are most satisfied when their physician uses:

A) their preferred style (the patient's)
B) their preferred style (the doctor's)
C) a biopsychosocial style
D) a biomedical style

Question 38

Describe two benefits of screening and two costs of screening.

Question 39

Describe two reasons why patient-practitioner communication can be ineffective, and two strategies for improving such communication.

Question 40

Describe two factors leading to intentional nonadherence and two factors leading to unintentional nonadherence.

Question 41

Describe two distinct theories of addiction, and which one you think is the best model of addiction and why.

Question 42

Describe two triggers of relapse, and two strategies for preventing relapse.

Question 43

Apply Leventhal's Common Sense Model of Illness Self-Regulation to care seeking and illness behavior.

Question 44

Explain how gender and race impact the amount and type of care received.

Question 45

Explain the factors that influence how much information is given to patients.

Question 46

Describe the experience of burnout and explain how it affects both physicians and patients. What are the implications for adherence? Screening?