Deck 4: Stress

Question 1

Given residents of an old-age home a plant that they could take care on their own was associated with a lower death rate than giving the residents a plant that the staff took care of.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

According to the transactional model, the meaning a particular event has for a person is a more important predictor of the experience of stress than the actual event.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The sympathetic division demobilizes the body to conserve energy, which includes increasing digestion, and decreasing heart rate.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Prolonged periods of high blood pressure can lead to a buildup of fatty acids and glucose on blood vessel walls which force the heart to work even harder to pump blood through the narrowing arteries.

Question 5

Individuals who experience a variety of different types of stressors have more
5. Individuals who experience a variety of different types of stressors have more
B. T, and Natural killer cells than those who experience less stress.

Question 6

Sexual drive decreases in both men and women during times of stress.

Question 7

Nonprocrastinators experience less stress throughout a semester than do procrastinators.

Question 8

HIV-infected gay men who are "in the closet" show a more rapid spread of the infection as well as faster deaths than those who are "outwardly gay".

Question 9

Religious involvement is associated with lower levels of cancer, heart disease, stroke, and suicide.

Question 10

When other people prayed for a woman who was trying to get pregnant, the likelihood of conception increased for women of all ages.

Question 11

Sarah has increased amounts of stress this spring break because she can not decide whether she should go to Hawaii with her fun-loving family or head down to Daytona Beach with her college roommates. This type of conflict is called _________?

A) an approach-approach conflict
B) an avoidance-approach conflict
C) an approach-avoidance conflict
D) an avoidance-avoidance conflict

Question 12

A conflict involving wanting to eat an ice cream sundae, and wanting to lose weight is know as an ____________ conflict.

A) approach-approach
B) avoidance-approach
C) approach-avoidance
D) avoidance-avoidance

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a self-report measure of stress?

A) the Social Readjustment Rating Scale
B) the Hassles Scale
C) the Uplifts Scale
D) the Galvanic Skin Response Scale

Question 14

The ________ scale asks people how frequently they have felt stressed or upset in the past month?

A) the Social Readjustment Rating
B) the Hassles
C) the Uplifts
D) the Perceived Stress

Question 15

Which of the following biochemicals is associated with an increase in stress levels?

A) Norepinepherine
B) Cortisol
C) Corticosteroids
D) ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 16

According to Cannon, people are normally in a state of internal physiological equilibrium or balance called ________?

A) homeostasis
B) flux
C) alarm stage
D) resistance stage

Question 17

When facing a threatening situation, a person's cardiovascular system is _________ and their digestive system __________.

A) activated; speeds up
B) activated; slows down
C) deactivated; speeds up
D) deactivated; slows down

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of stress in rats?

A) enlarged adrenal glands
B) shrunken lymph nodes
C) decrease in epinephrine
D) bleeding ulcers in the stomach

Question 19

Which is the correct order of the stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome model?

A) Stressor; Alarm; Resistance; Exhaustion
B) Stressor; Resistance; Alarm; Exhaustion
C) Stressor; Exhaustion; Alarm; Resistance
D) Stressor; Resistance; Exhaustion; Alarm

Question 20

________ is associated with an increase in norepinepherine, whereas ________ is associated with an increase in epinephrine.

A) Happiness; sadness
B) Sadness; happiness
C) Anger; fear
D) Fear; anger

Question 21

Moderate levels of stress can actually cause people to experience small amounts of arousal providing extra energy that in turn can help them perform at their best. According to Hans Selye, this is known as ________.

A) eustress
B) ecstasy
C) sympathetic stress
D) parasympathetic stress

Question 22

Which of the following physiological reactions is NOT related to the sympathetic division of the nervous system?

A) increase in heart rate
B) constriction of the pupils
C) decrease in digestion
D) increase in respiration

Question 23

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) During times of stress the endocrine system inhibits the secretion of growth hormones.
B) Maintained levels of high stress can lead to damage in the hippocampus, an area of the brain involved in memory
C) When the sympathetic-adrenal medularry (SAM) system is activated, the hypothalamus triggers the adrenal glands to release epinephrine and norepinepherine.
D) During times of stress, the endocrine system activates the secretion of hormones associated with reproduction.

Question 24

________ engulf and digest foreign cells, such as bacteria.

A) Macrophages
B) Natural killer cells
C) T cells
D) B cells

Question 25

The field of __________ examines the complex connection between psychosocial factors, such as stress, and the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems.

A) psychobiology
B) neurobiology
C) psychoneuorimmunology
D) psychopharmacology

Question 26

Which of the following is a common behavior during stressful times?

A) increased exercise
B) decreased caffeine intake
C) increased reckless behavior
D) ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 27

Which of the following has NOT been found to be associated with high levels of stress?

A) Sleeplessness
B) Increased domestic violence
C) Increased likelihood to help out a stranger
D) Decreased sexual drive

Question 28

Which of the following is not an example of problem-focused coping?

A) Denial
B) Taking direct action
C) Planning
D) Seeking assistance from others

Question 29

________ - focused coping is most effective when there is _____ that can be done to change a negative situation.

A) Problem; little
B) Emotion; little
C) Emotion; something
D) Problem; nothing

Question 30

________ focuses specifically on helping people relax in the face of a particular stressful object or event (i.e., getting an injection/vaccination).

A) Systematic desensitization
B) Systematic sensitization
C) Progressive muscle relaxation
D) Regressive muscle relaxation

Question 31

Which of the following can have a negative impact on health?

A) Humor
B) Increased exercise
C) Relaxation
D) Religion

Question 32

In general, women prefer to _______ during times of stress, whereas men prefer _______ social interaction.

A) avoid social interactions; more
B) affiliate with others; more
C) affiliate with others; less
D) avoid social interactions; less

Question 33

Men show ______ increases in blood pressure during stressful times than do women.

A) greater
B) lower
C) equal
D) All of the above

Question 34

Based on recent research, which of the following patients would show an increased likelihood of getting pregnant?

A) a 25 year-old who was being prayed for
B) a 21 year-old who was not being prayed for
C) a 32 year-old who was being prayed for
D) a 32 year-old who was not being prayed for

Question 35

Researchers have found a positive association between the amount of time doctors and nurses spend delivering direct care to patients and the amount of stress that doctors and nurses experience. This means that:

A) the more direct care doctors and nurses provide, the more stress they experience
B)the less direct care doctors and nurses provide, the less stress they experience
C)the more direct care doctors and nurses provide, the less stress they experience
D) Both A and B

Question 36

There is a positive association between cortisol levels and commute length. This suggests:

A) long commutes cause higher cortisol levels
B) the longer your commute, the higher your cortisol level
C) the longer your commute, the lower your cortisol level
D) longer commutes are associated with higher mortality

Question 37

Describe two different ways of measuring stress, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.

Question 38

Describe the General Adaptation Syndrome, and two critiques of this model.

Question 39

Describe the impact of stress on three distinct systems of the body.

Question 40

Describe two common sources of stress, and two effective ways of coping with stress.

Question 41

Describe how religion may help people cope with stress, and thereby experience better health.

Question 42

Ryan and Derek are professional athletes who need to effectively cope with stress on a daily basis. Although bitter rivals on the playing field, at the end of the day they are actually good friends who enjoy swapping coping strategies. While Derek swears by emotion-focused coping, Ryan insists that problem-focused coping is "the" way to go. Explain what each player likely means by each form of coping (emotion and problem) and provide a concrete example of each strategy.

Question 43

Bert and Ernie are graduate students interested in studying stress. They agree that they should start their project by figuring out what they mean by stress (although Ernie thinks it's obvious). Knowing what you do about how researchers have conceptualized stress, explain three of the four possible ways Bert and Ernie could define stress and provide a concrete example of what they would measure for each.

Question 44

Make a case for the either of the following statements:
There are direct effects of exercise for stress management.
There are indirect effects of exercise for stress management.