Deck 5: The Impact of Stress on Health Conditions

Question 1

According to the American Heart Association, ____% of cardiovascular disease deaths are from coronary heart disease, ____% from stroke, ____% from heart failure, ____% from high blood pressure, and other causes constitute the remainder.

A) 7, 7, 17, 51
B) 7, 51, 7, 15
C) 51, 7, 17, 7
D) 51, 17, 7, 7

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A hardened and partially occluded artery is no longer able to expand to allow sufficient blood to flow to the heart muscle when blood pressure increases. ____ refers to this "hardening" of the arteries. ____ is a form of ____.

A) Chronic inflammation, Chronic inflammation, arteriosclerosis
B) Atherosclerosis, Arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis
C) Arteriosclerosis, Arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis
D) Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis

Answer 2

D

Question 3

____ is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of and sometimes damage to the joints and surrounding tissues.

A) Rheumatoid arthritis
B) Inflammatory joint disease
C) Systemic autoimmune disorder
D) Systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Evidence suggests that tension-type headache onset, a skeletal muscle condition, is related to ____ stressors and migraine headache, a neurovascular condition, to ____ stressors.

A) abaxial, axial
B) distal, proximal
C) proximal, distal
D) rostal, caudal

Question 5

Some health conditions are considered ____ because they are health conditions with no detectable organic cause.

A) functional syndromes
B) emotional syndromes
C) imagined syndromes
D) facade syndromes

Question 6

The skeletal muscles are often measured in psychophysiological research with a(n)____.

A) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
B) encephalograph (ENG)
C) electromyograph (EMG)
D) Electrocardiograph (ECG)

Question 7

At present, most coping strategies recommended for those with hay fever and skin allergies involve ____.

A) intravenous treatments
B) intermittent exposure
C) avoidance
D) building immunity

Question 8

According to the American Cancer Society, ____ cancer is more prevalent than any other type of cancer, accounting for almost 50% of the cancers diagnosed in the United States.

A) ovarian
B) colon
C) skin
D) breast

Question 9

Elevated levels of ____ are associated with a 3-fold risk of a recurrent myocardial infarction (MI)or death due to a coronary event.

A) anti-inflammatory cytokines
B) proinflammatory cytokines
C) LDL particles
D) tumor necrosis factor alpha

Question 10

____ is characterized by a hypersensitivity of the skin to particular foods or environmental allergens that results in the skin becoming inflamed, feeling itchy, and perhaps scaling or flaking.

A) Allergic rhinitis
B) Atopic dermatitis
C) Non-atopic dermatitis
D) Topical dermatitis

Question 11

____ grow and turn into very large fatty foam cells, which stimulate smooth muscle cells from the middle layer of the arterial wall to migrate to and congregate at the site, causing atherosclerotic plaque to form inside the vascular wall.

A) Cholesterol-laden macrophages
B) Cholesterol-laden endothelial cells
C) Cholesterol-lacking macrophages
D) Cholesterol-lacking endothelial cells

Question 12

Stress may play ____ in the development of some health conditions, and in other conditions it appears to play ____ yet contributes to the exacerbation of symptoms.

A) the only role, one role of many
B) a major part, a more significant part
C) no causal role, a causal role
D) a causal role, no causal role

Question 13

____ is also a serious inflammatory bowel disease that is characterized by GI symptoms and ulcers of the colon.

A) Irritable bowel syndrome
B) Inflammatory bowel disease
C) Crohn's disease
D) Ulcerative colitis

Question 14

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)is a functional disorder, that is, a disorder ____.

A) that serves a certain function
B) that can be fatal
C) with a known organic cause
D) of no known organic cause

Question 15

Some estimates suggest that primary care physicians can medically explain only ____% of the symptoms that patients report.

A) 3
B) 10
C) 16
D) 25

Question 16

Which of the following is thought to be most linked to stress?

A) Crohn's disease (CD)
B) peptic ulcers
C) irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
D) coronary heart disease (CHD)

Question 17

Stress is commonly believed to be associated with ____.

A) low levels of circulating cholesterol
B) high levels of circulating cholesterol
C) low levels of stagnant cholesterol
D) high levels of stagnant cholesterol

Question 18

Hispanic Americans are ____ likely to have coronary heart disease than non-Hispanic white Americans and are ____ likely to die from it.

A) more, more
B) less, less
C) more, less
D) less, more

Question 19

Stress in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA)stimulates ____.

A) production of Interleukin-1B (IL-1B)
B) lower levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
C) anti-inflammatory mechanisms
D) proinflammatory mechanisms

Question 20

Chronic distress emotions as well as ____ are demonstrated risk factors for coronary heart disease.

A) tooth-flossing
B) depression
C) coronary artery disease
D) leukocytosis

Question 21

Why is taking a daily baby aspirin recommended for heart health?

Question 22

What is ischemia? In what context does it develop? What can it lead to?

Question 23

Briefly describe bruxism, temporo-mandibular pain and dysfunction syndrome (TMPDS).

Question 24

What are endothelial cells?

Question 25

Describe coronary heart disease and coronary atherosclerosis.

Question 26

What is a tension-type headache (TTH)?

Question 27

What are some primary prevention strategies for allergy and allergic asthma?

Question 28

What are some lifestyle changes that can help prevent coronary heart disease (CHD)?

Question 29

What are some coping strategies that would be helpful in dealing with rheumatoid arthritis?

Question 30

Describe systemic autoimmune disorders.

Question 31

What is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)and how does it differ from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Question 32

Describe migraine headaches.

Question 33

What are the three types of muscles in the human body?

Question 34

Is there a link between psychosocial factors and atopic disorders?

Question 35

What psychological stressors are related to coronary vascular disease?

Question 36

What is allergic rhinitis (AR)and what are some of its symptoms?

Question 37

Does stress play a role in the development of lupus or its prognosis?

Question 38

How does irritation or injury of endothelial cells lead to lowered LDL levels?

Question 39

Why is it important to keep LDL levels within normal limits?

Question 40

What are atopic disorders?

Question 41

What, if any, is the relationship between stress and cancer?

Question 42

How do exercise and stress management strategies compare to medical care alone in their effectiveness at reducing emotional distress and cardiovascular risk markers?

Question 43

What role does stress play in atopic dermatitis?

Question 44

What is the relationship between essential hypertension and stress?

Question 45

Are there any effective preventive therapies for tension-type headaches (TTH's)? What about treatments?

Question 46

What are some of the physiological effects of anger, hostility and anxiety?

Question 47

Describe the nine recommendations for reducing the risk of myocardial infarction (MI).

Question 48

What is sudden cardiac death (SCD)? Who is at risk of SCD? What are some of the primary categories of stress-related SCD?

Question 49

Are stress management strategies likely to be effective in reducing cholesterol levels?

Question 50

What is the relationship between stress and blood pressure?