Deck 1: Foundations of Human Relations

Question 1

According to your chapter, __________is/are the single factor most responsible for success of failure in business and personal relationships.

A) love
B) satisfaction
C) effective interpersonal skills
D) variable coping skills

Answer 1

effective interpersonal skills

Question 2

In John Gottman's research on satisfaction and happiness in married couples' relationships, he can predict with a _____ percent accuracy whether a relationship will succeed or fail.

A) 10
B) 30
C) 50
D) 90

Answer 2

90

Question 3

According to Howard Markham, _________________ account(s) for more than 60% of the level of satisfaction and happiness in married couples' relationships.

A) communication skills
B) experience with relationships
C) time dating before marriage
D) the number of children

Answer 3

communication skills

Question 4

Jessica and Marshall, a married couple in their 30s, agreed to participate in a study conducted by John Gottman. After reviewing their taped interactions, he announced that based on _______________, they could look forward to a successful marriage.

A) how they looked at each other
B) their patterns of communication with one another
C) their similar values
D) their complementary viewpoints

Question 5

According to the 2003 employer survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, _____________ were considered even more important factors for hiring college graduates than were analytical skills, computer skills, or GPA.

A) professional preparations such as internships
B) previous experience in related fields
C) interpersonal skills such as communication, teamwork, and relating well to others
D) courses taken in major field of study

Question 6

You have $75 to spend and want to increase your chances of landing a terrific job upon completing college. According to the 2003 employer survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, the best way to apply that money to your job search is to

A) take a class on résumé writing.
B) buy a new suit.
C) take a class on interpersonal communication skills.
D) take a computer class to improve keyboarding.

Question 7

Which of the following components is NOT related to context of an interaction between two individuals?

A) Cultural background of the individuals
B) Personalities of the individuals
C) Situational factors involved in the interaction
D) Unrelated topics

Question 8

Your text suggests that human relations is more accurately thought of as an art. Which of the following best describes this statement?

A) Getting along with others is challenging because we have to consider the contexts of our interactions.
B) Getting along with others just takes skills; applying skills indiscriminately, regardless of the situation, will result in continued success.
C) Getting along with others is best described as love conquers all. If everyone loves me, they will understand me, even if I lack interpersonal skills.
D) Getting along with others is a waste of time because individuals will only look at credentials, such as GPA and computer skills.

Question 9

Because Anna is afraid to tell her mother that she received an F on her report card, she waits until the weekend when they will both have more time to talk about it. The fact that she chose to wait to talk to Mom shows a key understanding of the ________ factor associated with listening.

A) internal
B) external
C) listener
D) speaker

Question 10

In general, individuals from Western cultures are more likely to value ___________ in communication.

A) expectations
B) respect
C) cooperation
D) assertiveness

Question 11

In countries with Eastern culture (e.g., Japan), hinting to one's meaning rather than expressing information directly in a conversation allows the listener to

A) critique the message.
B) debate the issue.
C) "save face."
D) "get to the point."

Question 12

Sandra believes in speaking directly when working on a task with another student; Satoko believes in politely hinting her meaning to help the listener make a connection. This difference can best be described as a difference in

A) cultural norms.
B) power distance.
C) masculinity-femininity.
D) psychology.

Question 13

Psychology takes into account _________ such as personality and ________ such as social factors that influence how a person evaluates a situation.

A) internal influences; external influences
B) external influences; internal influences
C) unstable influences; stable influences
D) social influences; personal influences

Question 14

Jane wants to better understand why her friend Margaret chooses the boyfriends she does. One way for Jane to gain insight into Margaret's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors is through the study of

A) biology.
B) psychology.
C) ethics.
D) economics.

Question 15

Researchers relying on _____ base decisions on data that have been collected from many people using precise measurements.

A) intuition
B) personal experience
C) anecdotal evidence
D) empirical evidence

Question 16

Empirical evidence differs from anecdotal evidence in that empirical evidence

A) makes sense.
B) is grounded in combined experiences or observations of many individuals.
C) is based on one person's experience.
D) cannot be demonstrated in research.

Question 17

Marcie wants to be able to interact effectively with diverse others in a variety of situations. This is an example of the study of

A) verbal communication.
B) anecdotal evidence.
C) human relations.
D) human development.

Question 18

Jason thinks using pick-up lines in bars is the best way to meet women. He bases this information only on his friend Paul's experience with meeting his girlfriend, Brenna. This is an example of

A) empirical evidence.
B) anecdotal evidence.
C) personal experience.
D) cultural norms.

Question 19

Understanding human relations begins informally as early as

A) childhood.
B) adolescence.
C) college age.
D) young adulthood.

Question 20

Which of the following factors is NOT a characteristic of culture?

A) Nationality
B) Gender
C) Ethnicity
D) Genetics

Question 21

The multiple definitions of culture, as well as the multiple disciplines that study culture (i.e., anthropology, sociology, history, etc.), suggest that culture is

A) individualistic.
B) complex.
C) idiosyncratic.
D) simplistic.

Question 22

According to your text, although sexual modesty is a value, the idea that people should wear clothing to preserve modesty is a(n)

A) attitude.
B) perception.
C) belief.
D) expectation of the situation.

Question 23

Whenever Maya, an American, tries to talk to her British boyfriend, Daniel, about a problem, he refuses and says, "It will fix itself." The first step in understanding this cultural difference in communication style may be to understand the _________(s) that form the foundation of their culture.

A) attitude
B) perception
C) value
D) behavior

Question 24

Marcus likes taking his Great Dane, Brutus, to the dog park because the community value is keeping the park clean. He is often offended when other dog owners fail to clean up after their pets. Feeling offended by their inaction is a(n)

A) attitude.
B) perception.
C) belief.
D) expectation of the situation.

Question 25

Marcus likes taking his Great Dane, Brutus, to the dog park. Although the community value is leashing all dogs, Marcus interprets this value as only applicable to those owners with dangerous dogs. Therefore, Brutus walks leash-free. Another name for his interpretation of the value is a(n)

A) attitude.
B) perception.
C) value.
D) expectation of the situation.

Question 26

Amanda and Morgan were discussing premarital sex. Amanda believes that one should not have sex before marriage. Morgan believes that having sex before marriage is permissible under certain circumstances. Amanda replied suddenly, "Gee, Morgan. I thought you had values." What is Amanda really saying?

A) Morgan doesn't have any values.
B) On the topic of premarital sex, Morgan doesn't have any values.
C) Morgan's values about premarital sex are similar to Amanda's values.
D) Morgan's values about premarital sex are different from Amanda's values.

Question 27

The biggest challenge in identifying the value behind another person's behavior is to

A) figure out what positive outcome the person is aiming for.
B) investigate who taught them the behavior.
C) relating it to our own value system.
D) define it as a "good" or "bad" value.

Question 28

"Do these jeans make me look fat?" Wendy often tells friends the truth, even when it hurts their feelings. Maleka tells little white lies, reassuring her friends they look good, regardless of the actual outcome. What value conflict is most likely at work here?

A) Honesty vs. dishonesty
B) Harmony vs. disharmony
C) Honesty vs. harmony
D) Understanding vs. lack of understanding

Question 29

Gwen is looking forward to getting married in May, a date that is quickly approaching. Her mother reminds her, "Don't forget what your grandmother said: Something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue." This saying is an example of a(n)

A) survival challenge.
B) historical tradition.
C) population density.
D) independent algorithm.

Question 30

Most cross-cultural researchers believe that a specific culture's values are often related to the natural resources available in a certain geographic region. For example,

A) when there are few natural resources, people may work more competitively.
B) when there are many natural resources, people become less interdependent.
C) when there are many natural resources, people become less independent.
D) when there are few natural resources, people become more interdependent.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true concerning the influence of population density on social structure?

A) When people are crowded in a society, greater social structure is needed to maintain order.
B) When people are crowded in a society, less social structure increases harmony.
C) When people live in sparsely populated areas, greater social structure is needed to provide rules.
D) When people live in sparsely populated areas, greater social structure provides strict hierarchies necessary to increase interactions.

Question 32

_______ and _______ climates provide greater survival challenges and are, therefore, influential to the values and practices of culture.

A) Moderate; cool
B) Hot; temperate
C) Very hot; very cold
D) Stable; unstable

Question 33

Kala is from a country where education is a privilege, not a guarantee. If she had the opportunity to attend a university, all other things equal, she would probably choose

A) a school far from home.
B) a school in another country.
C) a school close to home.
D) not to attend college.

Question 34

All the men in Ryan's family went to colleges or universities upon completing high school, and his family expects the same from him. Which of the following best describes his future plans?

A) The best university regardless of the distance from his family
B) A university close to his family
C) A trade school so that younger family members may attend college
D) Employment immediately after high school

Question 35

Because humans are social as well as biological in nature, our chances of survival improve when we

A) work independently.
B) belong to a group.
C) plan ahead.
D) focus on ourselves.

Question 36

Rita is in her early 20s and rents a small apartment near town. Because she is Hispanic, many of her friends assume she lives with her immediate and extended family. This is an example of a(n)

A) value.
B) attitude.
C) stereotype.
D) comparison.

Question 37

Assuming that just because a national culture has a certain value that every person who lives in the culture shares that value is known as a

A) myth.
B) attitude.
C) cultural profile.
D) stereotype.

Question 38

Twenty-six-year-old Anna began teaching at a large university immediately upon completion of her Ph.D. One student said, "You can't be our physics professor. You're not a middle-aged white guy." His description of a professor can best be defined as a(n)

A) value.
B) attitude.
C) stereotype.
D) comparison.

Question 39

According to your text, your individual ___________ includes such things as nationality, gender, age, ethnicity, religion, hobbies, etc.

A) online dating profile
B) cultural script
C) cultural profile
D) résumé

Question 40

When we make decisions based on how they will affect us individually versus how they may affect others, we are using the ___________ value system.

A) individualism-collectivism
B) power distance
C) masculinity-femininity
D) population density

Question 41

Audrey has the opportunity to take a sales position out of state. This promotion will increase her visibility in the company, as well as her salary. Although her spouse is supportive, the career move will take her away from her family two nights a week. In weighing the advantages and disadvantages of this promotion, which value system will she probably use the most in making her decision?

A) Individualism-collectivism
B) Power distance
C) Masculinity-femininity
D) Population density

Question 42

Individuals from collectivistic cultures are more likely to live in _______ families, whereas individuals from individualistic cultures are more likely to live in ________ families.

A) nuclear; extended
B) extended; nuclear
C) stable; unstable.
D) stable; unstable

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of a country considered high in collectivism?

A) Italy
B) India
C) Japan
D) South Korea

Question 44

Cultures placing higher value on the individual are called __________cultures.

A) self-centered
B) individualistic
C) collectivistic
D) power limited

Question 45

Sandra turned down her dream job interview at a Fortune 500 accounting firm to be at her niece's baptism. Choosing family over one's personal success is more reflective of someone in the _________ culture.

A) individualistic
B) high power distance
C) masculine
D) collectivistic

Question 46

According to a study of more than 50 countries, ____ and _____ countries are the most collectivistic.

A) Scandinavian; Finnish
B) Eastern European; African
C) North American; Western European
D) South American, Asian

Question 47

In collectivist countries, the relationship between the individual and his or her group is

A) independent.
B) collectivistic.
C) autonomous.
D) interdependent.

Question 48

In individualistic countries, the relationship between the individual and his or her group is

A) independent.
B) collectivistic.
C) collaborative.
D) interdependent.

Question 49

The value of independence in individualistic cultures also influences elderly adults by

A) increasing the likelihood that an adult child would take care of his or her elderly parents.
B) increasing the likelihood that elderly individuals will move into convalescent homes, rather have adult children take care of them.
C) decreasing the likelihood that adults will reach older adulthood.
D) increasing the likelihood that adult children will quit full-time employment to care for elderly parents.

Question 50

Darren had his first lemonade stand at six; his first dog washing job at 10 and his first lawn service company at 12. More than likely Darren lives in a(n) _____________ culture.

A) individualistic
B) collectivistic
C) feminine
D) low power distance

Question 51

One advantage to living in an individualistic culture is the focus on

A) sharing.
B) interdependence.
C) personal choice.
D) family.

Question 52

When compared to individualistic cultures, collectivistic cultures enjoy ________ loyalty in family and social groups.

A) greater
B) marginally less
C) the same
D) significantly

Question 53

Of the three dimensions most often studied with respect to culture, _________ has been the most widely used in cross-cultural research.

A) high power distance-low power distance
B) masculinity-femininity
C) idealism-realism
D) individualism-collectivism.

Question 54

__________ examines how a culture addresses the basic issue of human inequality.

A) Collectivism
B) Realism
C) Power distance
D) Economics

Question 55

Fraternities often have a strict power hierarchy including pledges, members, officers, and the president. An organization such as this where inequality is valued could also be known as a ____________ power distance culture.

A) high
B) low
C) moderate
D) necessary

Question 56

Individuals who come from a country which deemphasizes hierarchies and tries to reduce the distance between those hierarchies are from a ________ power distance culture.

A) high
B) low
C) moderate
D) necessary

Question 57

In high power distance cultures power is seen as __________, whereas in low power distance cultures, power is seen as

A) evil; justified.
B) deserving; evil.
C) deserving; arbitrary.
D) arbitrary; evil.

Question 58

In low power distance cultures, there is more ______________, meaning that a person born in a lower class has greater opportunity to achieve higher status than a similar person in a high power distance culture.

A) social mobility
B) social discussion
C) social stagnation
D) inequality

Question 59

To explain the high power distance in France, as compared to other European countries, one can examine its

A) climate.
B) economy.
C) enduring history of aristocracy.
D) decrease in technological advances.

Question 60

Iman grew up in a high power distance culture. Which of the following statements is uncharacteristic of individuals from that type of culture?

A) He respects his teacher and never questions their authority in public.
B) He perceives his teacher as a facilitator and enjoys debating him on issues related to his country.
C) He only speaks to his teacher when spoken to.
D) He rarely thinks critically about the information covered in his class.

Question 61

Craig enjoys his job and perceives himself to be a valuable employee because his boss often consults him concerning work issues and new policies. Which of the following cultures is most supportive of this kind of work environment?

A) High power distance
B) High uncertainty avoidance
C) Low uncertainty avoidance
D) Low power distance

Question 62

Some cultures perceive ambiguity as an ongoing threat to be resisted whereas others perceive ambiguity as normal and nonthreatening. This concept is known as

A) certainty avoidance.
B) uncertainty avoidance.
C) stress avoidance.
D) uncertainty acceptance.

Question 63

Individuals from low uncertainty avoidance cultures

A) are motivated to stay busy.
B) feel free to express emotions.
C) are comfortable with uncertainty.
D) need clarity and structure.

Question 64

Individuals from high uncertainty avoidance cultures

A) have lower stress.
B) suppress their emotions.
C) are comfortable with uncertainty.
D) need clarity and structure.

Question 65

One way anxiety is reduced in high UA cultures is through

A) anxiety avoidance.
B) open expression of emotions.
C) staying relaxed, which helps channel anxious energy.
D) avoiding stability as much as possible.

Question 66

Individuals from high uncertainty cultures appear

A) more reactive to unexpected events.
B) less cautious in approaching new situations.
C) less resistant to change and new ideas.
D) more curious in response to ambiguity.

Question 67

Carol and James are working on a group project for their Human Relations class. Carol would like a set schedule for when different parts of the project will be completed. James argues that not only would a schedule impair his creativity, she should just trust he will get his portion done on time. Carol's and James' viewpoints best represent _________ and __________ cultures.

A) feminine; masculine
B) high uncertainty avoidance; low uncertainty avoidance
C) individualistic; collectivistic
D) complex; simplistic

Question 68

The _____________ dimension deals with the degree of differentiation between the roles of men and women in a culture.

A) individualism-collectivism
B) low power distance-high power distance
C) masculinity-femininity
D) low uncertainty avoidance-high uncertainty avoidance

Question 69

The concepts of sex and gender are usually differentiated in that sex

A) refers to the social differences between men and women, and gender encompasses the biological differences between masculinity and femininity.
B) refers to the different behaviors across men and women, whereas gender refers only to the different perceptions associated with masculinity and femininity.
C) encompasses educational differences between men and women, and gender defines their occupation.
D) refers to the biological differences between men and women, and gender is associated with the social differences between masculinity and femininity.

Question 70

Kanji is from Japan, a ________________ culture which expects a high degree of separation between men's roles and women's roles.

A) feminine
B) low power distance
C) low uncertainty avoidance
D) masculine

Question 71

According to Bateson (1994), _____________ creates competition for land and resources, which fosters a more competitive, masculine society.

A) hunting and gathering
B) agriculture
C) fishing
D) industry

Question 72

According to Bateson (1994), _____________ must cooperate, which fosters a more feminine society.

A) hunting and gathering
B) agriculture
C) fishing
D) industry

Question 73

One way feminine cultures differ from masculine cultures is feminine cultures

A) place a greater emphasis on wealth.
B) have higher job stress.
C) place more emphasis on job status.
D) place more emphasis on quality of life.

Question 74

Annette meets Carson at a night club, and the first thing she asks is, "What do you do for a living?" Clearly, Annette comes from a ___________ culture.

A) low power distance
B) collectivistic
C) masculine
D) feminine

Question 75

One of the benefits of Sven's job at the software company in Denmark is its family leave policy. He was allowed several weeks off with pay when his first child was born. These kinds of policies are most likely to occur in a ___________ culture.

A) low power distance
B) collectivistic
C) masculine
D) feminine

Question 76

Although not all countries celebrate the same holidays, according to the text, __________________ is celebrated in almost all cultures.

A) Independence Day
B) New Year's Day
C) Christmas
D) Hanukkah

Question 77

People from ________________ who want to travel walk around their block with a suitcase right after midnight on New Year's Eve.

A) Poland
B) Africa
C) Chile
D) Spain

Question 78

In which location does the New Year's tradition involve eating black-eyed peas, which are considered a symbol for kindness and blessings?

A) Denmark
B) Africa
C) Scotland
D) China

Question 79

Chris is confident and optimistic. He is proud of his open-minded nature and wants to use that quality to create art pieces that really express his personality and values. Based on the text, which generation is Chris most likely a part of?

A) Generation Y
B) Greatest Generation
C) Generation X
D) Baby Boomer

Question 80

Which generation was growing up as the divorce rate began to skyrocket?

A) Baby Boomer
B) The Greatest Generation
C) Generation X
D) Generation Y