Deck 1: Human Development

Question 1

Recent research would suggest that if Jake is 55 years old, his health in comparison to older members of the baby boomer generation may be

A) poorer than older baby boomers.
B) about the same as older baby boomers.
C) much better than older baby boomers.
D) None of these.

Answer 1

poorer than older baby boomers.

Question 2

Which of the following is an important factor for marital success?

A) partners' sense of commitment and obligation to their spouse
B) opinions of wedding guests about the success of the marriage
C) amount of sex a couple has
D) the income of the couple

Answer 2

partners' sense of commitment and obligation to their spouse

Question 3

It is normal for girls to show breast budding and pubic hair as early as age

A) 6
B) 7.
C) 8.
D) 9.

Answer 3

6

Question 4

Compared to children of divorced parents who have distant relationships with their nonresident fathers, those who are close to their fathers, and whose fathers use an authoritative parenting style, show which of the following?

A) better academic performance
B) more behavior problems
C) fathers who avoid involvement in school activities
D) more fear about the future

Question 5

Bill is a 9-year-old boy who stutters. What can we say about Bill?

A) his stuttering is likely a neurological condition
B) parental behavior will not affect Bill's stuttering
C) Bill's stuttering can be cured
D) he is among 20% of school-age children who stutter^(p.295-

Question 6

Injuries in childhood

A) are likely to be frequent but minor.
B) are extremely rare, because the immune system is fully developed.
C) involve the respiratory system.
D) should always receive medical attention.

Question 7

All of the following do NOT demonstrate a shift in the infant's brain development EXCEPT when

A) infants experience changes in emotions.
B) infants can begin to regulate their own emotions.
C) infants can experience and interpret emotions.
D) infants develop self-awareness.^(p.181-

Question 8

The development of self-awareness begins to emerge at about

A) 9 months.
B) 18 months.
C) 24 months.
D) 30 months.

Question 9

A noted gerontologist is giving a lecture titled "How to Age Successfully." Which of the following suggestions is the audience LEAST likely to hear?

A) Find a job with decent pay.
B) Don't get too involved in child care.
C) Get plenty of physical exercise.
D) Do some volunteer work in your community.

Question 10

When the last child leaves home, which of the following parents would be MOST likely to find the transition difficult?

A) Mrs. A. , who is returning to her business career
B) Mr. B. , who has been more involved with his family than with his profession
C) Mr. and Mrs. C. , whose children were troublesome as adolescents
D) Mr. and Mrs. D. , who frequently clashed over childrearing issues during their children's adolescence

Question 11

Diabetes has increased in recent years, making it the ______ leading cause of death in middle age.

A) third
B) fourth
C) fifth
D) sixth

Question 12

About what percentage of people 18 to 59 reported in a recent study that they engaged in sexual intercourse two or more times a week?

A) 20
B) 33
C) 50
D) 75

Question 13

Research studies have shown that when students work more than _______ hours a week at a job, it seems to have a negative effect on their academic achievement.

A) 10 to 15
B) 15 to 20
C) 8 to 10
D) 5 to 8

Question 14

Children's ability to understand that people who see or hear different versions of the same event may come away with different beliefs does not develop until they are

A) 3 years of age.
B) 4 years of age.
C) 5 years of age.
D) well past childhood.

Question 15

The proponent of learning theory who maintained that language development is based on experience is

A) Ivan Pavlov.
B) B. F. Skinner.
C) Noam Chomsky.
D) John Watson.

Question 16

When children are learning to be storytellers themselves while parents become active listeners, they are engaging in a __________ style of reading.

A) describer
B) dialogic
C) comprehender
D) linquistic

Question 17

Instead of looking for broad stages, developmental scientists seek to discover what specific kinds of behavior show and what are involved in each.

A) abrupt changes; behaviors
B) continuity; processes
C) discontinuity; stages
D) None of these.

Question 18

Average life expectancy, in years, for babies born in the United States in 2005 is about

A) 74.8
B) 75.8.
C) 77.8.
D) 78.8.

Question 19

According to the textbook, about ______ of men in their 40s and ______ in their 70s experience erectile dysfunction at least sometime.

A) 59%; 87%
B) 21%; 41%
C) 39%; 67%
D) 11%; 27%

Question 20

Recent evidence suggests that the risk of a fatal heart attack is reduced in people who

A) never drink alcohol.
B) have 3 to 4 drinks daily.
C) drink lightly to moderately.
D) drink heavily.

Question 21

Tanya has recently developed the ability to draw shapes such as circles and squares. About what age is _Tanya?

A) 12 months
B) 2 years
C) 3 years
D) 5 years

Question 22

Of the following, the child MOST likely to have a high rate of childhood illness is

A) an only child.
B) a "difficult" child.
C) a child from a low-income family.
D) a child with both parents working.

Question 23

When her mother came into the room, Constance was laughing out loud at the dog's antics. This behavior usually begins at about an infant's __________ month.

A) second
B) third
C) sixth
D) fifth

Question 24

According to one source, about __________ percent of men and __________ percent of women who were ever married had extramarital sex.

A) 41; 19
B) 33; 33
C) 8; 6
D) 4; 2

Question 25

Statistically speaking, the use of illicit drugs peaks at ages

A) 15 to 17.
B) 22 to 24.
C) 20 to 22.
D) 18 to 20.

Question 26

Margaret Mead believed that adolescence is

A) invariably a time of storm and stress.
B) invariably a serene, gradual transition.
C) more stressful in cultures that make the transition gradually.
D) less stressful in societies that change very little.

Question 27

According to the text, adolescents show all of the following attitudes toward their brothers and sisters _EXCEPT

A) intimacy.
B) affection.
C) admiration.
D) hostility.

Question 28

Competitive sports and games often begin for children following

A) pressure from others.
B) criticism of children's skills.
C) learning the rules.
D) rough-and-tumble play.

Question 29

Which of the following emotions that has been measured in infants has been found to be consistent and enduring?

A) excitement
B) fear
C) boredom
D) temperament

Question 30

Terrence is getting fairly competent in his ability to "read" the expression of his mother for a clue as to how to act in an ambiguous situation. Terrence's ability is referred to as

A) social facilitation.
B) separation anxiety.
C) situational compliance.
D) social referencing.

Question 31

The principles of social learning theory were developed by

A) B. F. Skinner.
B) Carl Rogers.
C) John B. Watson.
D) Albert Bandura

Question 32

Physical punishment and social violence are not associated with child abuse.

Question 33

People in America live longer and healthier lives now than ever before in our history. Because of this there has been a growing concern with how to provide support services for this group and their families as they reach the end of their lives. Define thanatology and describe how the use of both hospice care and palliative care have helped in dealing with the elderly and with terminally ill patients.

Question 34

Our understanding of death changes both cognitively and emotionally as we age. Describe the view of death of a child in the conventional stage. Explain why adolescents do not think much about death. Discuss what it means to come to a realization and acceptance of the inevitability of death.

Question 35

Explain the concepts of euthanasia and assisted suicide. Discuss the implications for both families and medical personnel in attempting to honor the wishes of individuals at the end of their lives.

Question 36

Discuss the end of life options and diversity concerns presented in your text.

Question 37

List and briefly discuss the ethical arguments for and against assisted suicide.
ch19 Key

Question 38

Describe the disengagement and activity theories of aging. Describe the recent improvements that have been made to activity theory.

Question 39

List both the positive and the negative effects of employing older adults in the workplace. Describe how older adults see retirement as an ongoing process, and how working full-time, part-time, or as a volunteer affects them personally, economically, and socially.

Question 40

Maria's sisters have died, as have most of her closest friends. At age 78, Maria has left her house, her neighborhood, and her church activities and moved to another state in order to live close to her oldest son and his family. Describe some of the effects this move might have on Maria's personal relationships. List some of the risks that will be involved if Maria does not have the ability or the opportunity to make new friends.

Question 41

How do gay and lesbian older adults fare in the United States?
ch18 Key

Question 42

List and describe at least three factors that have contributed to the increased life expectancy for today's Americans.
Answer will vary.

Question 43

Carmine's grandfather has come to live with him because he is starting to have trouble with the cognitive functions involved in activities such as paying bills, buying groceries, and preparing meals. Although he loves his grandfather, Carmine was unprepared for life with a man in his 70s. List five things that Carmine may do with his grandfather to slow down the deterioration of his cognitive functioning.
Answer will vary.

Question 44

Define both dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Describe how each of these illnesses affects the brain at the cellular level, and give examples of how the deterioration can be slowed down with both behavioral and drug therapies.
Answer will vary.

Question 45

Discuss results of the Baltes' studies on wisdom. Answer will vary.

Question 46

List and describe the changes in short-term memory among older adults. Answer will vary.

Question 47

Discuss the findings of the Seattle Longitudinal study described in the text. What are the implications of this study for working with the elderly?
Answer will vary.

Question 48

Describe the visual and hearing changes among the elderly. Answer will vary.

Question 49

Describe the changes in the older adult's brain outlined in the text. What do you think are the implications of these changes for extending the working years of people over 65?
Answer will vary.

Question 50

Research does not support the notion of a "midlife crisis." Yet, both Danny and Virginia, who are in their late 40s, have been having a difficult time emotionally both at work and at home for several months now. Explain why they might be feeling this way, and describe the important role that social relationships might play in their development at this stage of life.
Answer will vary.

Question 51

Define both Kahn and Antonucci's social convoy theory and Carstensen's socioemotional selectivity theory, and give examples of how both can improve their relationships with others but can also place demands on people that may be stressful.
Answer will vary.

Question 52

Explain the concept of the "sandwich generation." What are the benefits and the challenges that this group of middle-aged people face that previous generations did not?
Answer will vary.

Question 53

Tina and Gary's children have moved out of the house and they now have time and money to devote to themselves. They are aware that most middle-aged people are healthy and have no functional limitations so they are planning to live their lives to the fullest. What are the health issues that Tina and Gary should be aware of at their age? List some of the steps they can take at this time in their lives to ensure a longer and healthier future.
Answer will vary.

Question 54

Define occupational burnout and explain how it is identified. Describe how burnout can affect the personal lives of workers. List some of the things that workers can do to prevent burnout so that their personal lives and productivity are not affected.
Answer will vary.

Question 55

Paula and her roommate, Krystal, spend a great deal of time talking about finding "just the right" men. While they both dated have extensively, they have finished college without finding the perfect partner and now need to reflect on those areas that may need to be changed in order to find the relationship they want. Define intimacy and explain the steps that you would suggest Paula and Krystal take in order to experience more emotional and physical intimacy in their lives. Discuss the possibilities
of the Internet in their search and explain why it may or may not be a good idea for these young women.
Answer will vary.

Question 56

Your son, Damian, wants to move in with his girlfriend so that they can see if they are compatible enough to commit to a permanent relationship. Without being critical of his choice, explain to Damian what you have learned from the research on cohabitation about the idea of "checking out the situation before making things permanent." Offer Damian some specific methods he and his girlfriend can use to get some assurance that each is "the one" without moving in together.
Answer will vary.

Question 57

Describe the shift in home life from past generations, when many mothers stayed in the home, to the present situation where more women are working outside the home, either part or full time. What are the factors that can cause the most conflict in the homes of dual-earner families?
Answer will vary.

Question 58

Define and describe the adult stage of "postformal thought." Discuss Sinnott's criteria of "postformal" thought and apply it to interventions with adolescents who are at risk.
Answer will vary.

Question 59

Kohlberg has discussed the concept of moral reasoning in his research. Using Kohlberg as your reference, list the effects of gender and cultural context as they relate to the development of a young adult's moral development.
Answer will vary.

Question 60

Describe Gilligan's theory of moral development and how she explains the differences between male and female moral development. What conclusions can you make about Kohlberg's and Gilligan's views?
Answer will vary.

Question 61

Before going away to college, Moira lived in a small town where everyone knew everyone else. Parents and children had all shared many of the same schoolteachers over the years and had also attended Sunday school with many of the same teachers, who were also friends of their parents.
Explain the effects of this type of limited environment on the cognitive development of young adults. According to Perry, Moira will need to move from rigidity to flexibility and then to freely chosen commitments. Describe how this might be accomplished living on a college campus.
Answer will vary.

Question 62

Discuss and identity development of adolescents. What are the critical issues for this age group as they struggle with identity formation?
Answer will vary.

Question 63

Describe the issues that ethnic and cultural factors raise as adolescents try to develop a personal identity.
Answer will vary.

Question 64

Interactions with parents, siblings, and peers are often renegotiated during the adolescent years. An adolescent's need for more freedom, for more control of his/her own destiny, and his/her search to find others that are having the same experiences changes the way they spend their discretionary time. Explain the kind of parenting style that works best as adolescents try to find more autonomy in their lives.
Answer will vary.

Question 65

Describe the roles that siblings and peers play during the adolescent developmental period. Answer will vary.

Question 66

Define sexual orientation and explain the interaction of biological and environmental factors that contribute to sexual orientation.
Answer will vary.

Question 67

Describe the risky sexual behavior engaged in by adolescents. Be sure to address the issues of sexually transmitted diseases and teenage pregnancy.
Answer will vary.

Question 68

The Godwins have four children who are rapidly heading into the adolescent phase of their development. From chats with close friends, and the information they have gathered from the media, the Godwins anticipate nothing but havoc for the next several years. What information would you give them about what lies ahead for them? Include the physical changes that occur in both males and females during this period. Describe what parents can do in this period that will have a positive effect on their children's development.
Answer will vary.

Question 69

When adolescents reach puberty they also experience changes in the way that they think. Describe Piaget's formal operations stage of cognitive development. Describe Elkind's views on adolescent cognitive development, including the immature thought patterns that can result from an adolescent's inexperience with formal thinking.
Answer will vary.

Question 70

During the adolescent period of development, serious emphasis is placed on the kind of education that students receive, and the kind of educational and vocational advice they are given in order to prepare them for the world of work. Explain the effects of personal thinking patterns, such as self-efficacy and academic motivation, on educational growth. List at least three environmental factors that provide either advantages or disadvantages for academic performance.
Answer will vary.

Question 71

Describe what puts adolescents "at risk" of not obtaining a good education, and suggest steps schools, parents, and communities can do to address the needs of at-risk students.
Answer will vary.

Question 72

List the advantages and the disadvantages to both the parent and the child in homes where either both parents or the custodial parent in single-parent households work(s) outside the home. Describe how this family atmosphere affects children's schoolwork and school discipline.
Answer will vary.

Question 73

There are several emotional and behavioral disorders that are identified in school-age children. List three disorders and explain the symptoms of each disorder. Describe one kind of treatment technique or therapy that may be used with each of the disorders you list.
Answer will vary.

Question 74

Karen's father disappeared several years ago and her mother has had a difficult time battling both depression and an alcohol problem for several years. Karen not only takes care of herself, but she manages to take good care of her younger sister and brother. Karen has been identified as a "resilient child." Please define the term resilient child and describe the qualities these children have. Describe how Karen may use these qualities while caring for her younger siblings.
Answer will vary.

Question 75

Describe the major issues that children in middle childhood face in the development of strong, healthy bodies. Describe the effects that the "American lifestyle" has had on physical development at this stage and suggest ways that parents/teachers/caregivers can counteract some of the effects.
Answer will vary.

Question 76

Maria and Raul and their parents have just moved to the United States from Mexico. Their parents are looking for a school system that will address their special needs as English language learners and provide necessary accommodations for them. List five challenges that a child who does
not speak English faces in the classroom. Explain how both English-immersion and bilingual education programs work and describe both the advantages and the disadvantages of each. What recommendations would you make to Maria and Raul's parents?
Answer will vary.

Question 77

Identify the differences between the terms self-concept and self-esteem. Give three examples to illustrate how caregivers can facilitate children's development of each of these areas. Include in your answer the ideal self versus the real self and the concept of representational mapping in early childhood.
Answer will vary.

Question 78

Sara likes dressing like her brother and plays more often with his toys instead of her own "gender-specific" toys. Describe how children develop gender roles and give two reasons why Sara may behave as she does.
Answer will vary.

Question 79

Identify each of the four major perspectives on gender identity and describe the various viewpoints. Explain how the more recent theories-cognitive-developmental theory and gender-schema theory-add to the information we already have about gender development.
Answer will vary.

Question 80

List each of Baumrind's parenting styles. Describe each of these parenting styles and the child-development outcomes to which each has been linked, and explain how each style provides a different outcome.
Answer will vary.