Deck 3: Theoretical Foundations for Clinical Mental Health Counselors

Question 1

People, in general, develop ideas regarding the way other people's traits and behavioral tendencies fit together. Bruner and Tagiuri (1954) referred to these as:

A) stereotypes
B) implicit personality theories
C) worldviews
D) self-schema

Answer 1

implicit personality theories

Question 2

Cognitive structures, derived from past experience, that organize and guide the processing of ongoing, self-related information are known as:

A) self-schema
B) worldviews
C) unconscious processes
D) psychic determinants

Answer 2

self-schema

Question 3

The operation of self-schema lies within the person's range of conscious experience.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which of the following ways is the processing of information influenced by the operation of self-schema?

A) heightens sensitivity to self-relevant stimuli
B) enhances recall of information that is self-congruent
C) processing of information that is incongruent with one's self-schema is resisted
D) all of the above
E) (a) and (b) only

Question 5

"The sum total of one's beliefs about the nature of the world and how one relates to it" defines:

A) the ecological self
B) worldview
C) self-schema
D) social interest

Question 6

In the selection and application of counseling theories, extroverts tend to gravitate toward those theories that:

A) are action oriented
B) require cognitive reframing
C) encourage thoughtful introspection
D) do not require clinical judgment

Question 7

Which of the following is highly recommended when it comes to the relationship between theory selection and personal characteristics of the counselor?

A) Successful therapists tend to select theories that run counter to their natural tendencies.
B) Successful counselors adopt theories and methods that are congruent with his or her own personality.
C) Because so many variables operate at any given time, it is best to not consider how one's personality traits interact with the selection and application of theory.
D) Only extroverts should enter into the counseling professions since the intensity of interpersonal contact is so great.

Question 8

Which of the following theorists have developed the Transtheoretical Model of behavioral change?

A) Miller
B) Prochaska and DiClementi
C) Bem and Bem
D) Bronfenbrenner

Question 9

Which stage of change is the client unaware of their need to make behavioral changes?

A) precontemplation
B) contemplation
C) action
D) maintenance

Question 10

Which of the following is a highly recommended approach when working with clients in the preparation stage of behavioral change?

A) development of an action or treatment plan
B) conducting a benefits/cost analysis of their current behavior
C) pushing the client toward goal attainment
D) developing relapse prevention skills

Question 11

In which stage is the client aware of the problem and considering making changes while also struggling with the ambivalence of giving up familiar patterns of behavior?

A) action
B) maintenance
C) precontemplation
D) contemplation

Question 12

Which of the following theoretical perspectives was developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner?

A) reciprocal determinism
B) ecological perspective
C) psychosocial perspective
D) the medical model

Question 13

Which of the following levels of the ecological system involves the "linkages and processes taking place between two or more settings containing the developing person?"

A) microsystem
B) mesosystem
C) macrosystem
D) megasystem

Question 14

Which of the following levels of the ecological system includes one's culture, language, and economic system?

A) microsystem
B) mesosystem
C) macrosystem
D) exosystem

Question 15

As a teenager, Marie's father spent a night in jail for a petty crime that he did not commit. When 15-year-old Marie is brought home by the cops for shoplifting, her father yells at them and tells them he is going to get a lawyer. Which of the following levels of the ecological system is affecting Marie right now?

A) microsystem
B) mesosystem
C) exosystem
D) macrosystem

Question 16

According to mental health and community counselors, mental health is much more than the mere absence of mental illness.

Question 17

Which of the following dimensions are represented in the comprehensive mental health counseling model?

A) mental health
B) mental illness
C) ecological context
D) all of the above
E) (a) and (b) only

Question 18

A university holds a Mental Health day and screens students for emotional/mental disorders. Students who are detected as having an emotional/mental disorder are offered counseling resources. This is an example of

A) primary prevention
B) secondary prevention1
C) tertiary prevention
D) relapse prevention

Question 19

Which model of prevention reduces the long-term impact on people recovering from a disorder?

A) primary prevention
B) secondary prevention
C) tertiary prevention
D) relapse prevention

Question 20

Identify and describe the four basic roles played by a good counseling theory.

Question 21

Briefly describe the foundational components of the clinical mental health counseling paradigm. What do you see as its primary strengths?

Question 22

Discuss your understanding of the interactions between the dimensions of wellness and pathology within one's unique ecological context in the mental health counseling paradigm. Identify specific ways in which your understanding of these interactions might influence your professional practice?