Deck 10: Professional Practice in Multicultural Contexts

Question 1

Given the interactional nature of the counseling process, the American Psychological Association (2004) concluded that:

A) the present emphasis on multiculturalism hinders counselors from recognizing the many similarities that exist among ethnic groups.
B) all counselor-client relationships are, in fact, multicultural.
C) more focus should be on general counseling skill and less on implications of multiculturalism.
D) training in multiculturalism conflicts with creating sensitivity to individual differences.

Answer 1

all counselor-client relationships are, in fact, multicultural.

Question 2

Multiculturalism has been referred to as the ___________ force in counseling.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Answer 2

fourth

Question 3

In 1973, which of the following declared that the practice of counseling ethnically different clients without special training was unethical.

A) American Psychological Association's Vail Conference
B) The Community Mental Health Centers Act
C) The American Mental Health Counselors Association Code of Ethics (1976)
D) Brown v. State of Missouri (1977)

Answer 3

American Psychological Association's Vail Conference

Question 4

Which of the following statements reflect the current ethical standards of ACA and AMHCA?

A) Their professional members may not engage in any form of discriminatory behavior based on the client's age, skin color, culture, gender, or sexual orientation.
B) Counselors must understand the diverse cultural backgrounds of the clients with whom they work.
C) Mental health and community counselors must respect diversity and resist discriminatory practices.
D) all of the above.

Question 5

Regarding multicultural concerns, which of the following statements accurately reflects the accreditation standards of CACREP?

A) CACREP standards address the contents of courses only.
B) Graduate programs in counseling are granted academic freedom to self-govern the extent to which they conform to the standards of the ACA.
C) Academic programs are called upon to design recruitment and retention strategies for the employment of faculty that reflect societal diversity.
D) CACREP standards do not address the interaction of multicultural training and clinical experiences.

Question 6

The term ethnicity can always be considered as a synonym for term race.

Question 7

Which of the following terms refers to shared patterns of learned behavior that are transmitted across generations of a particular group?

A) race
B) ethnic group
C) culture
D) racial identity theory

Question 8

Which of the following concepts involves the use of power and position to treat others differentially on the basis of perceived racial differences between or among groups?

A) prejudice
B) racism
C) discrimination
D) stereotyping

Question 9

________________ takes place when the policies of an organization place one ethnic group in a position of power and advantage over another ethnic group.

A) Stereotyping
B) Institutional racism
C) Discrimination
D) Individual racism

Question 10

Mental health professionals resist assimilating to multicultural training, which can be expressed as:

A) Internal dialogue
B) Discrimination
C) Emotional experience
D) Both (a) and (c)

Question 11

Counselors who are culturally encapsulated:

A) tend to be more sensitive to the differences in worldview that may exist in therapeutic relationships.
B) hold sets of cultural assumptions that tend to be more inclusive of other perspectives than non-culturally encapsulated counselors.
C) rarely recognize the need to test the validity of their personal presuppositions.
D) have had significant life experiences in multicultural contexts.

Question 12

Most traditional theories of counseling tend to accept without question:

A) the autonomous, self-preoccupied individual as being the primary psychological entity in assessment and treatment.
B) Eastern assumptions regarding the nature of reality.
C) a communal view of mental health and pathology.
D) the implications of cultural pluralism.

Question 13

The major distinction most traditional counseling theories make between physical and psychological disorders is universally held.

Question 14

Which of the following categories of disorders is not included in the DSM-IV-TR?

A) mood disorders
B) personality disorders
C) culture-bound syndromes
D) gender identity disorders

Question 15

Negative bias or religious indifference can lead a counselor to:

A) Negatively impact clients' spirituality
B) To discount

Question 16

Feeling good about self tends to be a common goal of counseling that is universally accepted.

Question 17

Which of the following conditions can be systemic barriers to obtaining counseling services for underserved populations?

A) scheduling individual sessions with children
B) strict adherence to 50-minute sessions
C) unavailability of affordable or reliable transportation
D) all of the above

Question 18

Counselors who communicate genuineness, unconditional acceptance and empathic understanding to diverse clients:

A) can assume that such clients will experience strong trust for them.
B) set conditions within sessions that are conducive to the personal growth for all clients regardless of cultural background.
C) may be mistrusted by virtue of being a symbol of societal power to the minority client.
D) is at risk of committing fundamental attribution errors.

Question 19

Mental health professionals who display confirmation bias tend to:

A) project their thoughts and feelings on clients from diverse cultures.
B) seek out data during assessment phases of treatment that confirm their preexisting schemes.
C) underdiagnose persons of minority status.
D) possess accurate self-awareness,

Question 20

According to racial/cultural identity development theory, minority persons who moves toward and endorses the values and lifestyles of their minority group is in the _______ stage.

A) conformity
B) dissonance
C) resistance and immersion
D) introspection

Question 21

Differences in levels of cultural assimilation between generations within a family may result in:

A) increased family conflict.
B) culturally-sensitive counselors recognizing the presence of parental rigidity in the family system.
C) the onset of oppositional defiant disorder in the child.
D) increased harmony within the family system.

Question 22

There is always a strong positive relationship between the ethnographic description of a cultural group and the specific psychological make-up of an individual from that culture.

Question 23

Counseling is a culture-bound profession.

Question 24

According to Arredondo, there are three dimensions of personal identity. The __ dimension involves personal characteristics that are less visible such as religion and work experience.

A) A
B) B
C) C

Question 25

It is the client's responsibility to inform professional counselors on his/her cultural background to improve the counselor's awareness.

Question 26

Tony comes to counseling with multiple heritages. He is looking to find a group to which he can identify. According to the Multiple Heritage Identity Development model (MHID), Tony is in what stage?

A) Recognition
B) Awareness
C) Acceptance
D) Experimentation

Question 27

Identify and briefly describe the five stages of racial/cultural identity development theory. What do you see as its primary applications in the process of counseling?

Question 28

Discuss how specific policies and procedures common to the operation of mental health agencies may function as barriers that hinder service accessibility for particular ethnic, cultural or societal groups.

Question 29

What is meant by the concept multiple identities? Discuss what implications this concept may have for the practice of multicultural counseling.

Question 30

Discuss what it means to possess multicultural counselor competencies? Identify the two interaction dimensions and the four quadrants that result. In what ways does this model bring to light the manner in which power, privilege, and oppression might operate within counseling relationships?

Question 31

CACREP has identified social and cultural diversity as one of the common core areas. Discuss what CACREP expects from counselor education programs as students prepare to be professionals in mental health counseling.