Deck 16: Animal Immune Systems and Animal Locomotion

Question 1

T cells develop within the

A) thyroid gland.
B) thymus gland.
C) T gland.
D) temporal gland.

Answer 1

thymus gland.

Question 2

Antibodies can combat bacterial infections by binding to the foreign bacteria and causing

A) implosion.
B) agglutination.
C) activation.
D) alteration.

Answer 2

agglutination.

Question 3

Agglutination of microbes enhances

A) precipitation.
B) cell lysis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) neutralization.

Answer 3

phagocytosis.

Question 4

An important role of oxygen radicals like superoxide in the immune system is

A) in pathogen killing by phagocytes.
B) in signalling the presence of foreign bodies.
C) increasing oxygen levels.
D) in the development of antibodies.

Question 5

After reading the paragraph below, answer the question(s) that follow(s).
To protect U.S. soldiers serving overseas, each soldier receives vaccinations against several diseases, including smallpox, before deployment. Following intelligence about an imminent smallpox threat, the U.S. Army wants to ensure that soldiers stationed in Iraq are fully protected from exposure to the disease, so all the soldiers in the threat zone are given a second vaccination against smallpox.

-As a result of the immunization against smallpox, the soldiers will also receive some protection against which of the following diseases?

A) none
B) mumps
C) measles
D) herpes

Question 6

Severing a single motor neuron serving muscle tissue would affect

A) a single muscle cell.
B) multiple muscle cells.
C) nothing, as other neurons could compensate.
D) contraction only temporarily, as the neuron will grow back.

Question 7

In low intensity endurance exercise, muscles are highly reliant on ________ for their ATP.

A) glycogen
B) mitochondria
C) the nucleus
D) lysosomes

Question 8

What are satellite cells?

A) particularly large myofibres
B) small myofibres that are able to grow in response to exercise
C) a muscle resident stem cell that can become a myofibre
D) a type of blood cell that infiltrates muscle after exercise

Question 9

After reading the paragraph below, answer the question(s) that follow(s).
Botulinum toxintype A is aneurotoxinproduced by certain bacteria species. It is used under the trade name 'Botox' in cosmetics as a means to combat wrinkles. As Emma is aging, she is increasingly unhappy with the appearance of wrinkles on her face, and is seeing a cosmetic physician for regular injections of Botox. The mode of action of Botox is to block the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.

-The effect of blocking acetylcholine release would be to

A) cause continual muscular contraction.
B) cause continual muscular relaxation.
C) prevent acetylcholine reuptake.
D) reduce blood flow to the area.

Question 10

After reading the paragraph below, answer the question(s) that follow(s).
Botulinum toxintype A is aneurotoxinproduced by certain bacteria species. It is used under the trade name 'Botox' in cosmetics as a means to combat wrinkles. As Emma is aging, she is increasingly unhappy with the appearance of wrinkles on her face, and is seeing a cosmetic physician for regular injections of Botox. The mode of action of Botox is to block the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.

-Normally, Botox is injected at specific sites in the face. Were it to be injected into the biceps muscle of the arm, the expected effect would be

A) tetanus of the biceps.
B) paralysis of the biceps.
C) reduced blood flow to the biceps.
D) increased blood flow to the biceps.