Deck 1: What Is Human Sexuality

Question 1

Considering the value systems used to make sexual decisions, a person using situational ethics differs from one using ethical relativism in what main way?

A) There is no difference between situational ethics and ethical relativism.
B) People who adhere to ethical relativism would argue that genuine love cannot be the basis on which to make moral decisions.
C) A person using situational ethics would argue that some moral decisions can be better than others.
D) Situational ethics focuses on the situations in which decisions are made, while ethical relativism focuses on differences between cultures.

Answer 1

A person using situational ethics would argue that some moral decisions can be better than others.

Question 2

After hearing the statement, "watching violence in movies leads people to be violent in their relationships," a critical thinker about human sexuality will __________.

A) be cautious in accepting this conclusion, evaluate the evidence, and look for alternative explanations.
B) accept this statement as true if it is stated by someone with authority in society.
C) only accept this statement if a Web search on the topic produces a large number of sites stating the same conclusion.
D) All of the above are correct.

Answer 2

be cautious in accepting this conclusion, evaluate the evidence, and look for alternative explanations.

Question 3

Surfing the Web, you come across a website for Dr. Anderson's Breast Cream. The website claims that daily use of her breast enhancement cream can increase breast size in as little as two weeks. In small print at the bottom, her website lists three links to different studies that investigated the effectiveness of her cream. Which detail would likely lead a critical thinker to be very skeptical about this website?

A) The maker of the product is a medical doctor.
B) There are three studies listed as references for the effectiveness of the cream in increasing breast size.
C) The website offers a quick fix for breast enhancement.
D) The information is on the Internet.

Answer 3

The website offers a quick fix for breast enhancement.

Question 4

According to the authors of your text, the available evidence about prehistoric sexuality is best summarized by which of the following?

A) Prehistoric males dominated females in all aspects of their culture, as shown by male symbols of power in ancient art.
B) There was a division of labor between men and women, and early art symbolized female (and later, male) contributions to fertility.
C) Although ancient men and women frequently engaged in sexual behavior, they did not understand its link to childbearing.
D) Ancient people experienced frequent deaths, short-term pairings of men and women, and rarely had children that survived.

Question 5

Sexual relations between a person and an animal is known as __________.

A) bestiality.
B) sadism.
C) fellatio.
D) fornication.

Question 6

__________ is a sexual activity involving oral contact with the penis.

A) bestiality.
B) sadism.
C) fellatio.
D) fornication.

Question 7

Jane and Joe have sexual intercourse. They are not married. This is known as __________.

A) bestiality.
B) cunnilingus.
C) fellatio.
D) fornication.

Question 8

A sexual activity involving oral contact with the female genitals is known as __________.

A) bestiality.
B) sadism.
C) fellatio.
D) cunnilingus.

Question 9

Which is true about the early Christians?

A) They demanded virginity of brides.
B) Prostitution was widely accepted.
C) Men were taught to love their wives with passion.
D) Divorce was legal as long as the husband had cause.

Question 10

In Islam, men under most circumstances may take up to __________ wives.

A) Four
B) Six
C) Eight
D) Ten

Question 11

__________ sexual practices were codified in a sex manual, the Kama Sutra, which illustrates sex positions.

A) Roman
B) Hindu
C) Islamic
D) Ancient Hebrew

Question 12

In ancient China, the man was expected to extend intercourse as long as possible to __________.

A) absorb more of his wife's natural essence, or yin.
B) absorb more of his wife's natural essence, or yang.
C) increase the amount of yin his wife absorbed.
D) increase the amount of yang his wife absorbed.

Question 13

Which woman's name has become virtually synonymous with sexual repression?

A) Anne
B) Mary
C) Victoria
D) Elizabeth

Question 14

During the Victorian era, __________.

A) prostitution flourished.
B) prostitution was non-existent.
C) same-sex behavior was widely accepted.
D) Victorian women did not experience pleasure or orgasm.

Question 15

Who published Studies in the Psychology of Sex between 1897 and 1910?

A) Clelia Duel Mosher
B) John Calvin
C) Richard von Krafft- Ebing
D) Havelock Ellis

Question 16

Which German psychiatrist described case histories of people with sexual deviations the book, Psychopathia Sexualis (1886)?

A) Clelia Duel Mosher
B) Richard von Krafft-Ebing
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Havelock Ellis

Question 17

Who conducted the first large-scale studies of sexual behavior in the 1930s and 1940s?

A) Richard von Krafft-Ebing
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Havelock Ellis
D) Alfred Kinsey

Question 18

The __________ perspective focuses on the roles of hormones, the nervous system, the sex organs, and genetics in human sexuality.

A) psychological
B) sociological
C) biological
D) evolutionary

Question 19

Each pair of chromosomes consists of __________ or so genes.

A) 23
B) 46
C) 520
D) 1,000

Question 20

The English naturalist, __________ showed that current species of animals and plants evolved from other life forms through natural selection, or "survival of the fittest."

A) Richard von Krafft-Ebing
B) Charles Darwin
C) Havelock Ellis
D) Alfred Kinsey

Question 21

The __________ perspective would support the notion that men are naturally more promiscuous than women because they are the genetic heirs of ancestors who reproductive success was related to the number of women they could impregnate.

A) psychological
B) sociological
C) biological
D) evolutionary

Question 22

The __________ perspective would support the notion that sexual behavior among "higher" mammals, such as primates, is less directly controlled by instinct than it is among the "lower" species , such as birds, fish, or lower mammals.

A) psychological
B) sociological
C) cross-species
D) evolutionary

Question 23

__________ perspectives, like the historical perspective, provide insight into the ways in which cultural institutions and beliefs affect sexual behavior and people's sense of morality.

A) Psychological
B) Sociological
C) Cross-species
D) Evolutionary

Question 24

Which is a subfactor of the physical reasons an individual may have sex?

A) Social status
B) Love and commitment
C) Self-esteem boost
D) Stress reduction

Question 25

Which is a subfactor of the emotional reasons an individual may have sex?

A) Mate guarding
B) Revenge
C) Love and commitment
D) Experience seeking

Question 26

Duty/pressure is a subfactor to the __________ reason an individual may have sex.

A) physical
B) goal attainment
C) emotional
D) insecurity

Question 27

"I wanted to brag to my friends about my conquest" is an example of the __________ subfactor of why an individual may have sex.

A) Social status
B) Utilitarian
C) Self-esteem boost
D) Experience seeking

Question 28

The __________ focuses on influences involving perception, learning, motivation, emotion, personality, etc.

A) Psychological
B) Sociological
C) Cross-species
D) Evolutionary

Question 29

Viennese physician that believed that we are all born with biologically based sex drives that must be channeled through socially approved outlets if family and social life are to carry on without conflict.

A) B.F. Skinner
B) John Watson
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Aristole

Question 30

Originator of the concept of erogenous zones- the idea that many parts o the body, not just the genitals, are responsive to sexual stimulation.

A) B.F. Skinner
B) John Watson
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Aristotle

Question 31

During which state of psychosexual development does Freud believe that it is normal for children to develop erotic feelings toward the parent of the other sex?

A) phallic stage
B) oral stage
C) latency stage
D) genital stage

Question 32

__________ is a cognitively oriented learning theory in which observational learning and values play key roles in determining behavior.

A) Oedipus complex
B) Queer theory
C) Heteronormativity
D) Feminist theory

Question 33

A theory that challenges acceptance of males as the norm, traditional gender roles, and male oppression of females.

A) Oedipus complex
B) Social-cognitive theory
C) Psychosexual development
D) Feminist theory

Question 34

Marcelo wonders if people masturbate because they do not have partners available to have sex with. He predicts that people having frequent sex will masturbate less, and that people who have less sex will masturbate more due to their "deprivation." He creates a survey to ask people how frequently they currently have sex and how frequently they masturbate. He finds the opposite of his prediction! Marcelo's experience is an example of __________.

A) why scientific methods can confuse our beliefs with inconsistent findings.
B) how scientific methods are inferior to intuition because people clearly masturbate when they do not have sexual partners available.
C) using scientific methods to test a hypothesis and gain information about sexuality.
D) an incomplete use of the scientific method.

Question 35

Age is a __________ variable that is commonly used to explain sexual behavior.

A) biological
B) psychological
C) sociological
D) ethnical

Question 36

Anxieties are __________ variables that are commonly used to explain sexual behavior.

A) biological
B) psychological
C) sociological
D) ethnical

Question 37

If we wished to study the sexual behavior of Asian Americans, the population would consist of __________ or the findings could not be generalized to all Asian Americans.

A) all Asian Americans
B) all Asian American under the age of 18
C) all Asian American between the age of 18 and 65
D) all Asian Americans over the age of 65

Question 38

During the __________, the focus is on understanding one or several individuals as fully as possible by unraveling the interplay of various factors in their backgrounds.

A) case-study method
B) naturalistic observation
C) ethnographic observation
D) laboratory observation

Question 39

During the __________, researchers may interview or administer questionnaires to thousands of people from particular groups to learn about their sexual behavior and attitudes.

A) case-study method
B) survey method
C) ethnographic observation
D) laboratory observation

Question 40

A slanting of research data that is caused by the characteristics of individuals who volunteer to participate, such as a willingness to discuss intimate behavior is known as __________.

A) volunteer bias
B) case study
C) random sampling
D) stratified random sample

Question 41

Keeping records and the names of research participants or therapy clients private is an example of __________.

A) random sampling.
B) validity.
C) reliability.
D) confidentiality.

Question 42

The consistency or accuracy of a measure is known as __________.

A) random sampling.
B) validity.
C) reliability.
D) confidentiality.

Question 43

Which is a major finding from the Kaiser Family Foundation (2003) National Survey of Adolescents and Young Adults?

A) About half of the adolescents reported being pressured into sex
B) One adolescent in three has engaged in oral sex, often to avoid intercourse.
C) Two out of three adolescents reported that adolescents tend to drink or use drugs before sex.
D) Twenty percent of the sample agreed with the statement that "Waiting to have sex is a nice idea but nobody really does."

Question 44

During __________, scientists directly observe the behavior of animals and human beings where it happens. For example, a biologist might observe the behavior of animals in the wild or a sociologist might observe the street life of prostitutes.

A) laboratory observation
B) participant observation
C) ethnographic observation
D) natural observation

Question 45

__________provides data concerning sexual behaviors and customs that occur among various ethnic groups.

A) Laboratory observation
B) Participant observation
C) Ethnographic observation
D) Natural observation

Question 46

In __________, investigators learn about people's behavior by directly interacting with them. This observation method has been used in studies of male-male sexual behavior and mate-swapping.

A) participant observation
B) laboratory observation
C) ethnographic observation
D) natural observation

Question 47

In Human Sexual Response (1966), William Masters and Virginia Johnson were among the first to report direct __________ of individuals and couples that engaged in sex acts.

A) Participant observations
B) Laboratory observations
C) Ethnographic observations
D) Natural observations

Question 48

The __________ describes the relationship between variables in numerical terms, and as a positive or negative.

A) survey method
B) experimental method
C) correlational method
D) variable method

Question 49

The __________ is a group of study participants who do receive a treatment.

A) control group
B) experimental group
C) placebo
D) correlation coefficient

Question 50

Which of the following ethical issues requires that people freely agree to participate after being given enough information about the procedures?

A) Exposing participants to harm
B) Confidentiality
C) Informed consent
D) Use of deception

Question 51

Gender roles are a complex cluster of ways in which males and females are expected to behave within a given culture.

Question 52

Our awareness of ourselves as females or males is part of our sexuality.

Question 53

Value systems include legalism, situational ethics, ethical relativism, hedonism, asceticism, utilitarianism, and rationalism.

Question 54

The main reasons religious followers accept the moral codes of their religions is out of fear of punishment.

Question 55

A core belief of legalism is that ethical behavior is derived from an external source, such as religion.

Question 56

A woman who has been taught that abortion is the taking of a human life may find herself with limited resources and decide in favor of an abortion is an example of situational ethics.

Question 57

A core belief of hedonism is that moral conduct brings about the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Question 58

Cohabitation is tolerated in some cultures, but considered in immoral in others. This is an example of relativism.

Question 59

Hedonists might argue that like hunger or thirst, sexual desires do not involve moral considerations.

Question 60

Asceticism holds the core belief that sexual decisions should be based on intellect and reason, not blind obedience.

Question 61

A core belief in utilitarianism is that moral conduct brings about the greatest good for the greatest number.

Question 62

A hedonist might decide that the personal consequence of continuing in an unhappy marriage outweigh the effects on the family or the community at large.

Question 63

The core of critical thinking is skepticism.

Question 64

The first step in critical thinking is to "judge a book by its cover."

Question 65

Based on primitive statues and cave drawings, one may surmise that Stone Age people may have been unaware of the male's contribution to reproduction.

Question 66

Phallic worship is worship of a woman's ability to bear children and perpetuate the species.

Question 67

The first human taboo may have been the prohibition against intercourse and reproduction among close blood relatives.

Question 68

The ancient Hebrews believed that a wife was the property of her husband and could be divorced on a whim.

Question 69

Greeks views people as bisexual.

Question 70

Pederasty is a sexual love of girls.

Question 71

In ancient Greece, sex between men and prepubescent boys was widely encouraged.

Question 72

In ancient Greece, a courtesan was also referred to as a "secondary wife."

Question 73

Prostitution was illegal and socially unacceptable in ancient Greece.

Question 74

In ancient Rome, women were less likely than their Greek counterparts to share their husbands' social lives.

Question 75

Fellatio is a sexual activity that involves oral contact with the penis.

Question 76

Sadism is the practice of achieving sexual gratification through hurting or humiliating others.

Question 77

Cunnilingus is a sexual activity involving oral contact with the female genitals.

Question 78

St. Augustine believed that men and women could only attain a state of grace through celibacy.

Question 79

Martin Luther believed that priests should not be permitted to marry or have children.

Question 80

Islam was founded by the Prophet Muhammad.