Deck 6: Police Strategies and Operations

Question 1

Research studies have found that increasing the number of patrol cars and getting to the scene of the incident quicker will contribute to a reduction in the levels of crime.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Community policing represents a completely new approach to policing.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Community policing is a "one size fits all" model that can be applied to all communities.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The CAPRA model is a problem-solving approach used by the RCMP.

Question 5

Foot patrols have been found to be effective in reducing calls for service and the fear of crime.

Question 6

Operation Identification, citizen patrols, and Neighbourhood Watch are examples of primary crime prevention programs.

Question 7

The use of CCTVs in Canada is prohibited by provisions in the Criminal Code.

Question 8

Research studies indicate that CCTVs (closed circuit televisions) are effective in reducing crimes against the person in areas where they are deployed.

Question 9

Crime rates are the best way to measure the effectiveness of the police.

Question 10

In contrast to the United States, in Canada there have been few evaluations of the effectiveness of specific policing initiatives and activities.

Question 11

Community policing emerged in the early 2000s as a response to the inadequate professional model of policing.

Question 12

Research findings indicate that approximately almost half of all Canadian households participate in crime prevention programs.

Question 13

The professional model of policing focuses heavily on the three Ps (prevention, problem solving, and partnerships).

Question 14

The presence of a regional police force in British Columbia could have aided in earlier apprehension of Robert Pickton.

Question 15

Research shows that Canadian police officers are often lacking in empathy when interacting with persons with mental illness (PwMI)

Question 16

Community policing is an organizational strategy, a philosophy, and a management style.

Question 17

The missing women's inquiry of British Columbia found that the RCMP and Vancouver Police Department did everything in their power to properly investigate the reports of women missing from the Downtown Eastside.

Question 18

Research studies on DARE have shown strong support for the program among educators, parents, youth, and the police, impacting the students' attitudes and beliefs about drugs and drug use behaviour.

Question 19

There are problems with interpretation when measuring police effectiveness using either the clearance rate or the crime rate, or both in combination.

Question 20

The high number of missing and murdered women in Canada is viewed by many as one of the country's top human rights issues.

Question 21

What do the three Rs in traditional policing stand for?

A) random patrol, rapid response, and reactive investigation
B) random patrol, reconnaissance, and recovery
C) rapid response, rescue, and relief
D) random patrol, reactive call delivery, and response investigation

Question 22

Matthew is conducting a study on police effectiveness in a specified jurisdiction by examining several different indicators of police effectiveness. He notices that crime rates dropped considerably shortly after a community-based crime prevention program was established in one neighbourhood. Examining this drop in more detail, he notices that crime rates went up in a nearby neighbourhood during the same time period. Which type of finding is this?

A) crime attrition
B) crime displacement
C) the dark figure of crime
D) the crime funnel

Question 23

What do the three Ps in community policing stand for?

A) prevention, protection, and participation
B) parity, problem solving, and participation
C) prevention, problem solving, and partnership
D) prohibition, prevention, and placation

Question 24

When and where did community policing get its start?

A) It originated in France in the early 1900s.
B) It originated in France in the early 1800s.
C) It originated in England in the early 1900s.
D) It originated in England in the early 1800s.

Question 25

Which statement best describes the community policing model?

A) There is a focus on community building and problem solving.
B) There is a hierarchical management structure.
C) There is a one-way flow of information from senior officers to patrol officers.
D) Patrol officers have little discretion and are unable to problem solve.

Question 26

Nina is conducting a study on police effectiveness in a specified jurisdiction by examining several different indicators of police effectiveness. She notices that this jurisdiction has very high rates of suspect identification. What is Nina examining here?

A) UCR rates
B) clearance rates
C) the dark figure of crime
D) crime displacement

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of community policing?

A) community consultation
B) interagency cooperation
C) centralization
D) accountability to the community

Question 28

Josh believes that regular vehicular police patrols are effective at preventing crime and increasing feelings of safety among community members, regardless of whether officers are actually responding to calls for assistance. What is the term for this belief?

A) the broad blue line
B) proactive investigation
C) reactive investigation
D) the watch system

Question 29

What is the term for studies that identify forces in the community that influence the demands made on the police?

A) environmental scans
B) best practices
C) community surveys
D) community consultation

Question 30

When the analysis of information gathered on criminal activities is applied to attempts to reduce and prevent crime, what is it called?

A) best practices
B) intelligence-led policing
C) team policing
D) criminal intelligence policing

Question 31

Which concept describes the view that crime is only a visible symptom of an invisible and much larger problem?

A) the criminogenic principle
B) problem-oriented policing
C) the iceberg rule
D) SARA

Question 32

What do research studies suggest about the use of foot patrols?

A) They increase calls for service.
B) They improve youth attitudes toward the police.
C) They affect the community's level of satisfaction with the police.
D) They reduce the levels of crime in neighbourhoods.

Question 33

Which police patrol operations are proactive and designed to target and apprehend criminal offenders, particularly those deemed to be at a high risk to reoffend?

A) reactive policing
B) community service approaches
C) crime prevention programs
D) crime attack strategies

Question 34

What are Operation Identification, Neighbourhood Watch, and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) examples of?

A) primary crime prevention programs
B) crime attack strategies and programs
C) secondary crime prevention programs
D) tertiary crime prevention programs

Question 35

What is indicated by research studies on the use of closed-circuit television (CCTV)?

A) CCTV installation has been met with strong public opposition.
B) CCTV use is most effective when targeted at specific locations.
C) CCTV use is effective in reducing crimes of violence.
D) CCTV must be used in conjunction with foot patrols to be effective

Question 36

Marie works for a police agency that uses crime data to inform their daily practices. This information is used to dispatch officers to areas with high likelihood of current criminal activity. What is this strategy called?

A) Operation Identification
B) Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
C) Compstat
D) a community scan

Question 37

According to research studies, what percentage of households participates in crime prevention programs?

A) 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 55 percent

Question 38

A municipal police organization conducts research annually to collect data about demographics, crime trends, and calls for service within their jurisdiction. The organization uses this data to determine future service demands and areas in need of focus. What is this practice called?

A) an environmental scan
B) a jurisdictional scan
C) Crime Prevention Through Social Development
D) Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

Question 39

Alvin works for police services and is responsible for building computer-generated images of specific areas displaying potential crime hot spots. What is Alvin building?

A) activity maps
B) crime maps
C) community scans
D) environmental scans

Question 40

Jake believes that increasing the amount of lighting outside his university dormitory will lead to a reduction in physical and sexual assaults on campus. Which strategy is Jake proposing?

A) a broken windows approach
B) intelligence-led prevention
C) Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
D) Crime Prevention Through Social Development

Question 41

Marco puts his name and an ID number on all of his electronic devices, hoping that doing so will aid in their recovery if they are stolen. Which of the following crime prevention strategies is Marco following?

A) community mobilization
B) Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
C) Citizen Identification
D) Operation Identification

Question 42

Rita is part of a local organization that regularly patrols the community on foot, on bikes, and in cars with the hope of preventing crime. Her organization is supervised by the police. Which type of organization is this?

A) citizen patrol
B) Neighbourhood Watch
C) community mobilization
D) Operation Identification

Question 43

Anthony is the founder of a program that focuses on early intervention with young offenders in hopes of preventing future criminal activity. Which kind of program is this?

A) Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
B) Crime Prevention Through Social Development
C) community mobilization
D) quality-of-life programming

Question 44

Pete's building has recently been the target of vandalism. He is concerned that if it is not cleaned up quickly it will lead to further vandalism and possibly even more serious criminal activity. Which of the following strategies is linked to Pete's concerns?

A) Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
B) Crime Prevention Through Social Development
C) a broken windows approach
D) intelligence-led prevention

Question 45

Allie believes that current forms of policing are too reactive and don't address the root causes of crime. She is concerned that this strategy is not proactive enough and will never get at the true source of crime and disorder. Which form of policing best matches Allie's views?

A) confident policing
B) zero tolerance policing
C) quality-of-life policing
D) problem-oriented policing

Question 46

Compare the professional model of policing with community policing.

Question 47

Define the term "crime maps." What type of policing regularly uses these maps? What are they used to identify?

Question 48

Identify the three core elements of community policing and provide one example of a policing strategy for each core element.

Question 49

What form of policing does Griffiths identify as being "the next generation of intelligence-led policing?" Define this term. How does this differ from the current version of intelligence-led policing?

Question 50

Describe the following strategies and note their importance in community policing: a) intelligence-led policing, and b) zero-tolerance policing.

Question 51

What are environmental scans? How do they relate to community policing?

Question 52

Define the term "Compstat." How does this term relate to community policing? What does research indicate about its effectiveness?

Question 53

What are the problems in using clearance rates as the only indicator of police effectiveness?

Question 54

Other than clearance rates and crime rates, what are some of the other measures of police performance that have been developed in recent years?

Question 55

Define the term "crime attack strategies" and briefly discuss their place in community policing.

Question 56

Identify and discuss the three examples of community-based policing operational strategies provided by the textbook. How do you feel about the effectiveness of each of these strategies? Use examples to support your stance.

Question 57

Among the challenges confronting police services in the early 21st century are the globalization of crime and the increasing sophistication of criminal activity. At the same time, police services have been moving toward a community policing model of service delivery that places a heavy emphasis on the local community. Consider the implications of these two trends for attempts to develop effective police services.

Question 58

Discuss of the pros and cons of zero-tolerance policing (pp. 131-132).

Question 59

Identify and consider the high-profile crime prevention strategies that exist within your community. Have you or your family ever been involved in a crime prevention program such as Neighbourhood Watch? If so, what was your/their experience? If not, would you be amenable to participating? What limits would you set on your/their involvement with the police?

Question 60

Discuss some of the key challenges in developing and sustaining police-community partnerships. Provide some suggestions as to how these challenges can be addressed.

Question 61

Consider the "broken windows" approach to crime response and prevention. What does research show about the effectiveness of such strategies? Why is this approach controversial?

Question 62

Consider the concept of quality of life policing. What types of behaviours does this approach focus on? Do you think that this approach is effective in reducing overall crime? Why or why not? Explain.

Question 63

Review At Issue 6.1 on page 136 of the textbook. How do you feel about Canadian police agencies using drones for various purposes? What are some arguments for this practice? Against? Use examples to support your assertions.

Question 64

Discuss the pros and cons of problem-oriented policing (POP) (p. 132). How might problem-oriented policing work under different circumstances? Discuss whether you think POP would be more effective in one task environment than in another.

Question 65

Discuss the effectiveness of police strategies, identifying how effectiveness is evaluated (pp. 136-138). Critique the traditional methods used to evaluate police performance; in particular, why clearance rates should not be used to evaluate effectiveness. Identify and discuss the new measures of police performance that have been developed in recent years. Identify potential challenges associated with using these new measures of police performance.