Deck 6: Diversion and Intermediate Sanctions

Question 1

Which of the following best paraphrases the meaning of intermediate sanctions?

A) A minimization of the number of offenders in the correctional system
B) A range of correctional programs between incarceration and probation
C) Interventions that reduce crime and improve community attitude toward corrections
D) Programs that increase the amount of time offenders spend in prison prior to release on parole

Answer 1

A range of correctional programs between incarceration and probation

Question 2

The goal of diversion is to

A) divert the attention of the community away from corrections.
B) deter potential offenders from future criminal behavior.
C) decrease the number of crimes committed in a given community.
D) minimize the number of offenders in the justice system.

Answer 2

minimize the number of offenders in the justice system.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a basic model of diversion?

A) Community-based diversion programs
B) Police-based diversion programs
C) Prison-based diversion programs
D) Court-based diversion programs

Answer 3

Prison-based diversion programs

Question 4

Diversion programs are most effective when they are

A) administered by the police prior to the offender's entry into the court system.
B) integrated into a community-based correctional system with many levels of supervision and custody.
C) used with large groups of offenders at the same time.
D) implemented after the trial phase of the criminal justice system process.

Question 5

Which of the following situations did not contribute to the rapid increase in the number of imprisoned offenders after the 1970s?

A) The War on Drugs
B) The "baby-boom"
C) Political inaction
D) Conservative beliefs regarding how to deal with crime

Question 6

Which of the following is not a reason why intermediate sanctions are attractive?

A) They are easier to manage than traditional probation.
B) They are cheaper and more cost-effective.
C) They provide more opportunities for rehabilitation than incarceration.
D) They lead to a decrease in the population of correctional facilities.

Question 7

Which of the following list of sentencing options is correctly ranked by level of punishment from low to high, as identified by James Byrne?

A) Probation, restitution, community service, house arrest, residential community corrections, split sentencing
B) Restitution, community service, probation, house arrest, residential community corrections, split sentencing
C) Probation, community service, residential community corrections, house arrest, split sentencing, restitution
D) Restitution, residential community corrections, community service, split sentencing, house arrest

Question 8

Restitution does not

A) force offenders to accept personal responsibility for their crimes.
B) help to offset the victim's financial losses due to the crime.
C) help encourage reconciliation of the offender and victim.
D) assist victims in obtaining revenge on their offenders.

Question 9

An intensive supervision probation program is ________ than traditional probation.

A) less humane
B) more successful
C) less costly
D) more rigorous

Question 10

Which of the following statements about drug courts is not true?

A) They are a form of diversion.
B) Each court differs in its approach.
C) They mainly serve juveniles.
D) They appear to be successful in reducing recidivism.

Question 11

Which of the following elements is common to most if not all mental health courts?

A) Participation in a mental health court is voluntary.
B) Participation does not require that the offender's mental illness be the cause of their involvement in the criminal justice system.
C) The key objective of a mental health court is to ensure offenders with mental illnesses are placed in secure confinement to reduce the risk to society.
D) The corrections department oversees the treatment and supervision process and facilitates collaboration among mental health court team members.

Question 12

Home detention is an example of

A) parole.
B) punishment.
C) rehabilitation.
D) diversion.

Question 13

Community service work

A) provides offenders with valuable vocational training.
B) allows offenders to help repair the harm caused by their crimes.
C) pays offenders for their service so they can make restitution to victims.
D) tend to have very low completion rates.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the GPS tracking of sex offenders is false?

A) It is an effective way to prevent sexual assaults.
B) Not all states have enacted GPS tracking laws.
C) Offenders may reoffend regardless of the tracking systems.
D) Serious sex offenders can evade the police by failing to register.

Question 15

Goals of electronic monitoring include all of the following except

A) providing a cost-effective way of supervising offenders in the community.
B) promoting public safety.
C) expanding the use of technology in the criminal justice system.
D) administering sanctions appropriate to the seriousness of the crime.

Question 16

Halfway houses were originally designed as residences for

A) alcoholics.
B) homeless men.
C) juvenile delinquents.
D) unmarried pregnant women.

Question 17

The "what works" movement shows that well-designed community corrections programs can reduce

A) risk.
B) recidivism.
C) rigidity.
D) reactivity.

Question 18

Why does placing low-risk offenders in more structured programs increase their failure rates?

A) Their prosocial networks are reinforced.
B) Their exposure to criminogenic elements is reduced.
C) They are placed in programs with higher-risk offenders.
D) The programs target noncriminogenic factors.

Question 19

The need principle of the "what works" movement emphasizes the importance of targeting

A) the highest risk individuals.
B) needs such as self-esteem and discipline.
C) the most chronic offenders.
D) criminogenic factors.

Question 20

The treatment or "how" principle of the "what works"
Movement encourages the creation of ________ programs.

A) punitive
B) behavioral
C) employment
D) therapeutic

Question 21

In a study of nonresidential community correctional programs, which of the following characteristics was found to be associated with higher levels of effectiveness?

A) Having a lower proportion of high-risk offenders
B) Having similar levels of supervision for high- and low-risk offenders
C) Including a shock probation component in the program
D) Ensuring longer amounts of time in treatment for high-risk offenders

Question 22

To be effective, halfway houses must provide

A) punitive consequences for poor behavior.
B) specific client-needed services.
C) a high level of control.
D) intensive treatment and counseling.

Question 23

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a day reporting center?

A) They administer drug tests regularly to clients.
B) Clients who attend these centers have to pay program fees.
C) The focus is on daytime incapacitation of clients.
D) Clients must fulfill community service orders.

Question 24

Which of the following generally is not provided by a day reporting center?

A) Counseling
B) Drug testing
C) Surveillance
D) Residential care

Question 25

Efforts to reduce recidivism among offenders released from confinement need to

A) emphasize offender-based approaches.
B) give equal attention and equal resources to all offenders.
C) support evidence-based programs.
D) invest in effective prison-based practices and policies.

Question 26

Which type of community correctional facility tends to have the highest rate of rearrest?

A) Substance abuse treatment facilities
B) Boot camps
C) Treatment centers
D) Intermediate sanction facilities

Question 27

In general, research into boot camps suggest that they

A) successfully decrease recidivism among minority youth.
B) target crime-producing needs of participants.
C) segregate offenders by risk level.
D) result in higher levels of recidivism than traditional probation.

Question 28

Diversion programs come into effect after arrest but prior to court processing.

Question 29

Police practice diversion through the use of discretion.

Question 30

Community-based diversion programs that are alternatives to incarceration eliminate the stigma of a criminal record.

Question 31

Civil commitment programs are used for individuals who can be treated more efficiently in a hospital situation.

Question 32

Diversion programs focus on providing a reasonable alternative to incarceration.

Question 33

One of the main characteristics of intermediate sanctions is tighter control over nonincarcerated offenders.

Question 34

Offenders deemed too dangerous for traditional probation are not eligible for intermediate sanctions.

Question 35

Intermediate sanctions are less expensive than incarceration.

Question 36

Restitution forces offenders to accept personal responsibility for their crimes.

Question 37

Intensive supervision probation appears to have been successful in reducing prison overcrowding problems.

Question 38

Drug court programs include a treatment component as part of their overall approach.

Question 39

Unlike other specialty courts, participation in mental health courts is not voluntary.

Question 40

A community work order is a type of restitution.

Question 41

A concern about home detention is that it may result in an increase in the level of control placed on petty offenders.

Question 42

Electronic monitoring was originally used with the mentally ill.

Question 43

GPS tracking of sex offenders is an effective way of preventing sexual assaults.

Question 44

Nonresidential community corrections programs with a greater proportion of higher-risk offenders are more successful that those with more low-risk offenders.

Question 45

Day reporting centers are primarily residential.

Question 46

Day reporting centers will only accept offenders on probation.

Question 47

Boot camp participants tend to have much lower rearrest rates than participants in other community corrections programs.

Question 48

The effort to minimize the number of offenders who enter the criminal justice system through police, court, or community programs is known as ________.

Question 49

Correctional options designed to fill the gap between probation and prison are known as ________ sanctions.

Question 50

An intermediate sanction that offsets victim losses and forces the offender to accept personal responsibility for the crime is known as ________.

Question 51

A judge increasing the sanctions and conditions imposed on an offender is known as ________ sentencing.

Question 52

Recidivism rates for drug court participants tend to be ________ than for nonparticipants.

Question 53

Community work orders require offenders to provide ________ to the community.

Question 54

Home detention has been criticized for resulting in ________ by bringing petty offenders under correctional control instead of diverting them from the system.

Question 55

The latest trend in electronic monitoring is the use of ________ tracking.

Question 56

Community residential treatment centers are otherwise known as ________ houses.

Question 57

The "what works"
move is also known as ________ practice.

Question 58

Research into what works in corrections has found that placing ________-risk offenders in more structured programs can increase their failure rates.

Question 59

Offenders assigned to day reporting centers tend to live at home because these centers are ________.

Question 60

Research into the effectiveness of boot camps found that rearrest rates for participants were ________ than for offenders in other types of community facilities.

Question 61

Match the intermediate sanction to its definition .

-Day reporting center

A) Residential facility providing rehabilitation programming
B) Community supervision using a technological link
C) Requiring the offender to repair the harm to the community through service
D) Requiring the offender to compensate the victim
E) Nonresidential facility providing treatment to offenders

Question 62

Match the intermediate sanction to its definition .

-Restitution

A) Residential facility providing rehabilitation programming
B) Community supervision using a technological link
C) Requiring the offender to repair the harm to the community through service
D) Requiring the offender to compensate the victim
E) Nonresidential facility providing treatment to offenders

Question 63

Match the intermediate sanction to its definition .

-Community work order

A) Residential facility providing rehabilitation programming
B) Community supervision using a technological link
C) Requiring the offender to repair the harm to the community through service
D) Requiring the offender to compensate the victim
E) Nonresidential facility providing treatment to offenders

Question 64

Match the intermediate sanction to its definition .

-Halfway house

A) Residential facility providing rehabilitation programming
B) Community supervision using a technological link
C) Requiring the offender to repair the harm to the community through service
D) Requiring the offender to compensate the victim
E) Nonresidential facility providing treatment to offenders

Question 65

Match the intermediate sanction to its definition .

-Electronic monitoring

A) Residential facility providing rehabilitation programming
B) Community supervision using a technological link
C) Requiring the offender to repair the harm to the community through service
D) Requiring the offender to compensate the victim
E) Nonresidential facility providing treatment to offenders

Question 66

What is diversion and what is its purpose?

Question 67

Explain the factors that led to the current problem of prison overcrowding and how intermediate sanctions may help deal with this issue.

Question 68

What is the purpose of a restitution program?

Question 69

Explain how drug courts differ from regular courts.

Question 70

Describe some of the many uses for halfway houses and explain the advantages and disadvantages of them.

Question 71

What are boot camps and how does the procedures used in boot camps result in increased recidivism?

Question 72

Why is there such a need for intermediate sanctions? Explain the pros and cons of this concept.

Question 73

Various types of problem-solving courts have been found to be successful in reducing recidivism among participants. How can these problem-solving courts have a bigger impact on the entire judicial system?