Deck 18: Juvenile Offenders and Facilities

Question 1

Which of the following was not one of the assumptions made by the English common law concerning age and criminal responsibility?

A) Offenders aged 14 or older were assumed to be responsible for their acts and deserving of punishment.
B) Children under the age of 7 were presumed to be incapable of holding criminal intent.
C) Children aged 10 and older were not held responsible as long as they could prove they could not distinguish between right and wrong.
D) Children between the ages of 7 and 14 were not held responsible unless the state could prove they could distinguish between right and wrong.

Answer 1

Children aged 10 and older were not held responsible as long as they could prove they could not distinguish between right and wrong.

Question 2

The term that refers to the legal philosophy by which the state assumes the role of the parent of the child is

A) padre.
B) chancery.
C) parens patriae.
D) ward of the state.

Answer 2

parens patriae.

Question 3

At what age does crime appear to peak before beginning to decline with age?

A) 14
B) 17
C) 19
D) 24

Answer 3

17

Question 4

The crime that has highest percentage of arrests involving juvenile offenses is

A) larceny-theft.
B) arson.
C) burglary.
D) homicide.

Question 5

Children who have allegedly committed an offense that would be classified as a crime if an adult had committed the same offense are

A) dependents.
B) delinquents.
C) unruly juveniles.
D) neglected children.

Question 6

Which of the following is a status offense?

A) Shoplifting
B) Purse snatching
C) Curfew violation
D) Arson

Question 7

Juveniles who have been declared unmanageable by their parents and the court are

A) status offenders.
B) dependent children.
C) neglected juveniles.
D) incorrigible juveniles.

Question 8

In the case of In re Gault, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a child alleged to be a juvenile delinquent had which of the following rights?

A) The right to a trial by jury
B) The right to counsel
C) The right to prepare one's own case
D) The right to remain silent during police questioning

Question 9

Which of the following factors has not been found to contribute to disproportionate minority contact in the juvenile justice system?

A) Disproportionate numbers of neglected and dependent children among minority groups
B) Institutionalized racism
C) Differential command of language competencies
D) Biased risk assessment instruments

Question 10

Which of the following procedural rights currently is not granted to a juvenile in court proceedings?

A) The right to confront and cross-examine witnesses
B) The right to counsel
C) The right to be considered innocent until delinquency is proven beyond a reasonable doubt
D) The right to a trial by jury

Question 11

Which of the following punishments would not violate recent Supreme Court rulings regarding severe punishments for juveniles?

A) Capital punishment
B) A sentence of life imprisonment without parole for the crime of homicide
C) A mandatory sentence of life imprisonment without parole for the crime of homicide
D) A sentence of 50 years without parole for the crime of rape

Question 12

________ programs function to direct juveniles out of the juvenile justice system and into other approved programs, as a way of avoiding formal contact with the juvenile court.

A) Diversion
B) Decriminalization
C) Deinstitutionalization
D) Decarceration

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of decriminalization?

A) Removing a large number of juveniles from custody as possible by closing the facility
B) Reducing from the scope of law a type of behavior that is currently proscribed
C) Removing a juvenile from further involvement with the justice system in return for approved behaviors
D) Returning patients from mental hospitals into the community

Question 14

A statutory exception to the basic age criteria that puts the juvenile under the jurisdiction of the adult criminal court is known as

A) direct filing.
B) chancery.
C) juvenile waiver.
D) statutory exclusion.

Question 15

A prosecutor may use a ________ to refer a case to an adult criminal court rather than a juvenile court.

A) concurrent jurisdiction
B) diversion
C) statutory exclusion
D) direct filing

Question 16

________ refers to a situation in which a juvenile is under the jurisdiction of both the juvenile and criminal courts.

A) The dual court system
B) Concurrent jurisdiction
C) A statutory exclusion
D) Decriminalization

Question 17

Research into the effects of transferring juveniles to adult court has shown all but which of the following?

A) Transferred juveniles are more likely to recidivate than those who remain in the juvenile justice system.
B) Transferred juveniles are more likely to be arrested for more serious offenses than those who remain in the juvenile justice system.
C) Transferred juveniles are more likely to be incapacitated than those who remain in the juvenile justice system.
D) Transferred juveniles are more likely to recidivate at a higher rate than those who remain in the juvenile justice system.

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding the juvenile crime problem is false?

A) Juvenile crime increased significantly during the 1980s.
B) There has been a significant decline in the juvenile crime rate since the early part of the 21st century.
C) The juvenile courts have moved away from the get tough attitude towards violent juvenile crime.
D) The United States is suffering from an outbreak of crime reduction.

Question 19

Which of the following programs does not work with youthful offenders?

A) Structured social learning programs
B) Cognitive behavioral programs
C) Family based interventions
D) Nondirective interventions

Question 20

________ approaches to treating juvenile offenders included structured social learning programs teaching juveniles new skills and reinforcing behavior and attitudes.

A) Medicinal
B) Psychological
C) Behavioral
D) Clinical

Question 21

Which program designed to reduce juvenile delinquency may actually lead to increased rates of recidivism?

A) Drug prevention classes
B) Boot camps
C) Fostering self-regard
D) Home detention with electronic monitoring

Question 22

Which of the following is not considered to be a promising approach for dealing with youth gang problems?

A) Vertical prosecution
B) Hot spot patrol
C) Safe zones around schools
D) Drug education programs

Question 23

Which of the following statements regarding super-predators is true?

A) Super-predators have contributed to the recent increase in violent juvenile crime.
B) Treating juvenile super-predators as adults will reduce recidivism.
C) The youth super-predator has not appeared.
D) Youth account for a large proportion of overall crime.

Question 24

________ justice is designed to repair the harm to victims, the community and the offender caused by the offender's criminal act.

A) Traditional
B) Retributive
C) Restorative
D) Juvenile

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of restorative justice?

A) Teen court
B) Juvenile court
C) Chancery court
D) Decriminalization

Question 26

The most common type of juvenile facility is a

A) detention center.
B) reception center.
C) training school.
D) residential treatment center.

Question 27

A ________ is a residential placement option with a homelike setting where unrelated youth live for varying periods of time.

A) detention center
B) group home
C) residential treatment center
D) training school

Question 28

Where are youth who are being held pending a hearing in juvenile court likely to be placed?

A) Detention center
B) Group home
C) Training school
D) Boot camp

Question 29

What is the primary reason behind the effort to reduce the use of juvenile detention?

A) The cost to the state is extremely high.
B) Even a short stay in detention can have a harmful effect on youth.
C) Detaining a juvenile prior to a hearing in juvenile court is a violation of the juvenile's due process rights.
D) The conditions in most juvenile detention centers violates the 8^th Amendments protections against cruel and unusual punishment.

Question 30

The juvenile equivalent of the adult prison is the

A) juvenile detention center.
B) group home.
C) training school for youth.
D) community correctional facility.

Question 31

Which program was designed to reduce the number of youth held in Ohio institutions by providing grants for local community programming?

A) New Directions
B) RECLAIM
C) Second Chance
D) Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative

Question 32

According to research, recidivism rates were lowest for youth in which type of placement?

A) A RECLAIM program
B) A community corrections facility
C) A juvenile correctional facility
D) There was no difference in recidivism based on type of placement.

Question 33

English common law assumes children under the age of seven to be incapable of criminal intent.

Question 34

Involvement in crime tends to peak at around age 17 before declining.

Question 35

During the 21st century, the juvenile crime rate has steadily increased.

Question 36

A status offender is a juvenile who has committed an offense that would be a crime if an adult had committed it.

Question 37

An incorrigible juvenile has been declared unmanageable by their parents and the court.

Question 38

In the case of In re Gault, the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles have the right to counsel.

Question 39

In the case of Roper v. Simmons, the Supreme Court held that it is unconstitutional to sentence a juvenile to life imprisonment without parole.

Question 40

Diversion involves changing the classification of a behavior so that it is no longer a crime.

Question 41

Current social views suggest that status offenders should be placed in secure juvenile detention centers because of the age of the offender.

Question 42

A prosecutor may use a direct filing to refer a juvenile to an adult criminal court for trial.

Question 43

Military-style boot camps have been effective in reducing recidivism among juveniles.

Question 44

Research on programs for youth has found that the most effective approaches are behavior interventions.

Question 45

Vertical prosecution is considered an ineffective method for dealing with hard-core youth gang members.

Question 46

Youthful super-predators never emerged despite the predictions of criminologist and the media.

Question 47

Teen courts focus mainly on first-time juvenile offenders who have committed nonviolent crimes.

Question 48

Juvenile group homes tend to be less restrictive than juvenile detention centers.

Question 49

After arrest, youth who are not released generally will be held in a group home while awaiting a hearing or case disposition.

Question 50

Training schools for youth provide community-based vocational training for youth to help them learn job skills.

Question 51

Training schools tend to resemble adult prisons in many ways.

Question 52

The reduction in the number of incarcerated youth is partly due to a focus on keeping youth in the community instead of institutionalizing them.

Question 53

Institutions are the most successful method of handling juvenile offenders at the current time.

Question 54

Under the philosophy of parens ________, the state assumes the duty to protect juveniles and assumes the role of the parent.

Question 55

Children who are ________ are not receiving the proper care that should be given by parents and guardians.

Question 56

A juvenile who commits an act that is a crime only when committed by a juvenile is a(n) ________ offender.

Question 57

The Supreme Court held that it is unconstitutional to sentence a juvenile to life imprisonment without parole for any crime other than homicide in ________ v. Florida.

Question 58

The halting or suspension of a juvenile from further involvement with the justice system in return for approved behaviors is known as ________.

Question 59

Removing juveniles from custody and treating them in an open environment is known as ________.

Question 60

Direct filing is a decision by the ________ to refer a juvenile to adult criminal court.

Question 61

An aggressive juvenile offender believed to be engaged in frequent and dangerous behavior is referred to as a super-________.

Question 62

A group home is a staff-secured ________ placement option that does not place too many restrictions on how youth can interact with the community.

Question 63

Arrested juveniles who are waiting for a parent to pick them up will be held in a juvenile ________ center.

Question 64

A(n) ________ correctional facility is a form of residential treatment program found in Ohio.

Question 65

Training schools for youth are the equivalent of the adult ________.

Question 66

Court ________ is one reason for the recent decline in the number of youth incarcerated in juvenile facilities.

Question 67

________ are the most expensive and least successful method of handling juvenile offenders.

Question 68

Match the Supreme Court case with its ruling .

-Status offenders

A) Alleged delinquents are entitled to some basic constitutional rights in juvenile court
B) Juveniles cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole for nonhomicide offenses
C) Mandatory sentences of life without the possibility of parole are unconstitutional for juvenile offenders
D) Courts must provide essential due process when transferring juveniles to adult court
E) It is unconstitutional to impose capital punishment for a crime committed when the offender was under 18

Question 69

Match the Supreme Court case with its ruling .

-Incorrigible juveniles

A) Alleged delinquents are entitled to some basic constitutional rights in juvenile court
B) Juveniles cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole for nonhomicide offenses
C) Mandatory sentences of life without the possibility of parole are unconstitutional for juvenile offenders
D) Courts must provide essential due process when transferring juveniles to adult court
E) It is unconstitutional to impose capital punishment for a crime committed when the offender was under 19

Question 70

Match the Supreme Court case with its ruling .

-Neglected juveniles

A) Alleged delinquents are entitled to some basic constitutional rights in juvenile court
B) Juveniles cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole for nonhomicide offenses
C) Mandatory sentences of life without the possibility of parole are unconstitutional for juvenile offenders
D) Courts must provide essential due process when transferring juveniles to adult court
E) It is unconstitutional to impose capital punishment for a crime committed when the offender was under 20

Question 71

Match the Supreme Court case with its ruling .

-Dependent juveniles

A) Alleged delinquents are entitled to some basic constitutional rights in juvenile court
B) Juveniles cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole for nonhomicide offenses
C) Mandatory sentences of life without the possibility of parole are unconstitutional for juvenile offenders
D) Courts must provide essential due process when transferring juveniles to adult court
E) It is unconstitutional to impose capital punishment for a crime committed when the offender was under 21

Question 72

Match the Supreme Court case with its ruling .

-Delinquent juveniles

A) Alleged delinquents are entitled to some basic constitutional rights in juvenile court
B) Juveniles cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole for nonhomicide offenses
C) Mandatory sentences of life without the possibility of parole are unconstitutional for juvenile offenders
D) Courts must provide essential due process when transferring juveniles to adult court
E) It is unconstitutional to impose capital punishment for a crime committed when the offender was under 22

Question 73

Match the term with its meaning .

-Kent v. United States

A) Halting or suspending a juvenile from further involvement with the justice system
B) The move away from putting status offenders in secure institutional settings
C) The removal or reduction of the criminal classification or status of a formerly criminal act
D) Removing juveniles from custody and treating them in an open environment

Question 74

Match the term with its meaning .

-In re Gault

A) Halting or suspending a juvenile from further involvement with the justice system
B) The move away from putting status offenders in secure institutional settings
C) The removal or reduction of the criminal classification or status of a formerly criminal act
D) Removing juveniles from custody and treating them in an open environment

Question 75

Match the term with its meaning .

-McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

A) Halting or suspending a juvenile from further involvement with the justice system
B) The move away from putting status offenders in secure institutional settings
C) The removal or reduction of the criminal classification or status of a formerly criminal act
D) Removing juveniles from custody and treating them in an open environment

Question 76

Match the term with its meaning .

-Roper v. Simmons

A) Halting or suspending a juvenile from further involvement with the justice system
B) The move away from putting status offenders in secure institutional settings
C) The removal or reduction of the criminal classification or status of a formerly criminal act
D) Removing juveniles from custody and treating them in an open environment

Question 77

Match the term with its meaning .

-Graham v. Florida

A) Halting or suspending a juvenile from further involvement with the justice system
B) The move away from putting status offenders in secure institutional settings
C) The removal or reduction of the criminal classification or status of a formerly criminal act
D) Removing juveniles from custody and treating them in an open environment

Question 78

Match the term with its meaning .

-Miller v. Alabama

A) Halting or suspending a juvenile from further involvement with the justice system
B) The move away from putting status offenders in secure institutional settings
C) The removal or reduction of the criminal classification or status of a formerly criminal act
D) Removing juveniles from custody and treating them in an open environment

Question 79

Match the type of juvenile facility to its description .

-Diversion

A) A secure correctional facility that is the equivalent of the adult prison
B) An institution to house youth suspected of a juvenile offense while awaiting a hearing or case disposition
C) A residential institution found in Ohio that offers youth a wide range of programs and services
D) A facility for youth with significant psychological or behavioral problems who do not require commitment in a secure correctional facility
E) A staff-secured residential placement option in a homelike setting where a small number of unrelated youth live for varying time periods

Question 80

Match the type of juvenile facility to its description .

-Deinstitutionalization

A) A secure correctional facility that is the equivalent of the adult prison
B) An institution to house youth suspected of a juvenile offense while awaiting a hearing or case disposition
C) A residential institution found in Ohio that offers youth a wide range of programs and services
D) A facility for youth with significant psychological or behavioral problems who do not require commitment in a secure correctional facility
E) A staff-secured residential placement option in a homelike setting where a small number of unrelated youth live for varying time periods