Deck 7: The Clients of Adult Correctional Agencies

Question 1

Today's prison population being larger and more diverse than it was in the past is due to what?

A) the incarceration of many property and drug offenders who previously were not sentenced to prison
B) the larger proportion of offenders being white
C) the prison population becoming "middle crime age" (age twenty-five to thirty-five) and physically and emotionally unhealthy
D) the decreasing percentage of elderly offenders

Answer 1

the incarceration of many property and drug offenders who previously were not sentenced to prison

Question 2

Which of the following is one of the four largest jurisdictions that combined hold more than one-third of all female prisoners?

A) Louisiana
B) Georgia
C) New York
D) Texas

Answer 2

Texas

Question 3

Crime is closely linked to which of the following?

A) economic success
B) lack of education
C) race
D) poverty and drug use

Answer 3

poverty and drug use

Question 4

At the end of 2016, the largest percent of the state and federal prison population were ________.

A) Hispanic
B) white
C) black
D) Asian

Question 5

Which one of the following is a phenomena that contributes to the aging of the prison population?

A) Exposure to the highly stressful environment in prison causes inmates to age prematurely.
B) Sentencing guidelines provide more judicial discretion who choose to keep older offenders in prison longer.
C) The overall U.S. population is getting younger.
D) Inmates are serving longer sentences in prison and therefore stay in prison until they are older.

Question 6

Which offenses contributed to the most significant increase in the number of prison inmates?

A) drug and public-order offenses
B) child molestation and stalking
C) white-collar crimes
D) murder and rape

Question 7

Which of the following is one of the three "believed to be" causes of disparity identified by the Sentencing Project?

A) implicit bias
B) structural advantages
C) overclassification
D) racism

Question 8

What does Wilbanks state in The Myth of a Racist Criminal Justice System?

A) Perception of the criminal justice system as racist is a myth.
B) There are no incidents of individual racism.
C) Prejudice and racism are systematic.
D) Most studies show sufficient evidence of racism.

Question 9

The highest number of people in the custody of state correctional authorities from 1980-2015 was due to which type of offense?

A) property
B) drug
C) violent
D) public order

Question 10

In 2015, males represented about what percentage of the violent crime arrests in the United States?

A) 32 percent
B) 80 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 15 percent

Question 11

Inmates in prison who do NOT have any specific designation as a special type of offender are known as ________.

A) high security
B) low security
C) administrative segregation
D) general population

Question 12

Which of the following is a prison security level?

A) state
B) community
C) federal
D) local

Question 13

Which of the following decreases as prison security level increases?

A) physical barriers to deter escapes
B) staff member-to-inmate ratio
C) restrictions on inmate movement
D) emphasis on inmate programs

Question 14

As a result of sentencing guidelines and mandatory prison sentences, ________.

A) men are receiving shorter sentences than women for similar offenses
B) women are receiving shorter sentences than men for similar offenses
C) nearly two-thirds of women, compared to 5 percent of men, convicted of federal felonies are granted probation
D) men and women charged with similar offenses are receiving similar sentences

Question 15

What did Greenfeld and Snell's publication on women offenders between 1986 and 1997 indicate?

A) The number of males under correctional supervision increased at a greater rate than that of the number of women under supervision.
B) The number of males under correctional supervision increased at the same rate as did the number of females under supervision.
C) The number of women under correctional supervision decreased compared to the number of males under supervision.
D) The number of women under correctional supervision increased at a greater rate than that of the number of males under supervision.

Question 16

According to a 2014 study, approximately what percentage of women released in 2005 were returned to prison within three years of release?

A) 10 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 95 percent

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE of female inmates?

A) Objective classification systems developed for male offenders often tend to "underclassify" female offenders.
B) Women offenders have an easier time finding and maintaining employment than male offenders.
C) Female inmates are more concerned about race than male inmates.
D) Female offenders suffer from mental illness at a higher rate than their male counterparts.

Question 18

Which of the following is a factor inherent in correctional settings that hampers the provision of health services?

A) lack of caring correctional staff
B) abundant financial resources
C) difficulties in staff recruitment
D) limited rights of inmates to medical care

Question 19

In which case did the Eighth Circuit Court suggest five criteria to be used to examine whether differences in prison programs discriminate against female inmates?

A) Rhodes v. Chapman
B) Morrissey v. Brewer
C) Pargo v. Elliott
D) Terry v. Ohio

Question 20

In which of the following cases did the federal court rule that disparity of programs for female inmates could not be justified?

A) Barefield v. Leach
B) Butler v. Reno
C) Pargo v. Elliott
D) Barefield v. Butler

Question 21

The makeup of the prison population is increasingly minority, as white offenders comprise a continually smaller proportion of the prison population.

Question 22

The percentage of elderly and juvenile offenders sentenced to adult prisons is increasing.

Question 23

Corrections is more a manufacturing operation than about people managing correctional clients.

Question 24

The number of females under all types of correctional supervision has grown at a more rapid rate than the number of males under supervision.

Question 25

The disproportionate numbers of minorities under correctional supervision have more to do with racism within the criminal justice system than with social factors influencing crime, race, and social class.

Question 26

A majority of the prison population is comprised of minorities.

Question 27

Sentence length has been increasing due to many "tough on crime" statutes that have been passed since 1980.

Question 28

Prisons currently house few elderly offenders, most of whom are in relatively good health.

Question 29

Violence is equally likely in male prisons and female prisons.

Question 30

Prison systems are predominantly planned and administered around the management of male inmates.

Question 31

The average length of women's prison sentences is equal to those of men.

Question 32

Almost 80 percent of the women in state prisons have "severe, long-standing substance abuse problems."

Question 33

Objective classification systems developed for male offenders often "'overclassify" female offenders.

Question 34

Female offenders suffer from mental illness at a lower rate than their male counterparts.

Question 35

To improve the parental relationship between women inmates and their children, many prisons have established parenting programs that often include training classes to improve parenting skills.

Question 36

Racial ________ exists when minorities comprise a greater percentage of those under correctional supervision than their makeup in the U.S. population.

Question 37

________ offenders are people convicted of crimes regarding the possession or sale of drugs.

Question 38

In terms of recidivism, rates for ________ offenders are high, yet are thought to be less than recidivism rates for comparable male offenders.

Question 39

The inmates in a prison who do not have any specific designation as a special type of offender represent the ________ population.

Question 40

The most recent report on length of prison sentence shows that women serve considerably ________ time than men in prison.

Question 41

Prison programs that help inmates improve their parenting skills, even while in prison, are called ________ programs.

Question 42

Programs that help offenders reduce their likelihood of further abuse of alcohol or drugs are called substance ________ programs.

Question 43

According to the 1974 federal court decision in ________ v. Leach, a disparity of programs for female inmates could not be justified just because the smaller number of female inmates made it more costly to provide program parity.

Question 44

The 1995 case of ________ v. Elliott determined that differences in programs between men's and women's prisons do not necessarily violate the Constitution's equal protection clause.

Question 45

In ________ v. Reno, female federal inmates claimed gender discrimination due to denial of access to facilities, programs, and services available to similarly situated male federal inmates.

Question 46

________ and counselors work directly with inmates, with the primary responsibility of classifying offenders and creating and monitoring plans for program and work participation.

Question 47

Girl Scouts Beyond ________ have their chapter based in a prison so inmates with children can participate as Scout parents.

Question 48

________ is the placement of offenders in prisons more secure than needed for their level of risk.

Question 49

The use of ________ as a criminal sanction has skyrocketed from 1980 to 2009.

Question 50

Over the past few years, the most significant reduction in the prison population has been for those sentenced for committing ________ offenses.

Question 51

Match the female inmate programs with the appropriate category.

-Substance abuse and mental health counseling

A) Psychological programs
B) Parenting programs
C) Work programs
D) Other programs

Question 52

Match the female inmate programs with the appropriate category.

-Training and prison industry

A) Psychological programs
B) Parenting programs
C) Work programs
D) Other programs

Question 53

Match the female inmate programs with the appropriate category.

-Child visitation and parent education

A) Psychological programs
B) Parenting programs
C) Work programs
D) Other programs

Question 54

Match the female inmate programs with the appropriate category.

-Health and life skills programs

A) Psychological programs
B) Parenting programs
C) Work programs
D) Other programs

Question 55

What factors are associated with criminal behavior?

Question 56

Explain the concept of "age-blind" in regard to sentencing.

Question 57

Explain the benefit of Girl Scouts Beyond Bars to the participants.

Question 58

Why are violent offenders more likely to be male?