Deck 31: Animal Development

Question 1

Conception is the same thing as:

A) fertilization.
B) cleavage.
C) development.
D) meiosis.

Answer 1

fertilization.

Question 2

What is the first organ system to begin to develop?

A) skeletal system
B) digestive system
C) nervous system
D) muscular system

Answer 2

digestive system

Question 3

You find a cell, and after a period of examination you notice that it mitotically divides and creates a blastopore at what ends up being the mouth. What type of developer is this new organism?

A) epistomes
B) deuterostome
C) protostome
D) echinoderm

Answer 3

protostome

Question 4

An individual is born missing parts of the epidermal layer as well as hair. The problem began during development with which of these germ layers?

A) endoderm
B) mesoderm
C) ectoderm
D) none of the above

Question 5

The primary structure that leads to the development of the animal gut is the:

A) secondary mesenchyme cells.
B) archenteron.
C) blastocoel.
D) primary mesenchyme cells.

Question 6

Which part of a human embryo contains embryonic stem cells?

A) a fertilized egg
B) blastocyst
C) morula
D) blastocoel

Question 7

The vegetative pole of an animal embryo:

A) contains more yolk.
B) forms the digestive system.
C) contains most of the stem cells.
D) lies closer to the cell nucleus.

Question 8

Which layer of an embryo will form the heart?

A) endoderm
B) mesoderm
C) ectoderm
D) none of the above

Question 9

Dr. von Frankenstein has removed the morphogens from a yak embryo. What might be the results?

A) No yak is born, because cells do not develop in the embryo.
B) No yak born, because excessive organogenesis takes place.
C) A yak is born with its head in the middle.
D) A normal yak is born.

Question 10

The lower the concentration of bicoid protein in part of an embryo,

A) the more probable that will be the posterior end of an organism.
B) the more probable that will contain the heart of the organism.
C) the more probable that will be the anterior end of an organism.
D) the lower the chances of embryo survival.

Question 11

A simple description of the function of morphogens is that they:

A) cause the formation of ectoderm.
B) turn genes off or on.
C) cause the eyes to form first, after which other organs follow.
D) inhibit development.

Question 12

If you removed the morphogens from an egg, which of the following would be true?

A) The resulting zygote would not go through induction and therefore would not develop.
B) The resulting zygote would go through induction but would not develop.
C) The resulting zygote would develop normally.
D) The resulting zygote would develop its head in the middle of its body.

Question 13

During cleavage, the number of cells in a developing frog embryo increases. The cytoplasm in these new cells:

A) is synthesized by the blastomere.
B) becomes the vegetal pole.
C) comes from the egg cytoplasm.
D) does not contain any yolk.
E) undergoes mitosis.

Question 14

In early embryonic development of the frog, the pieces of tissue that will form the backs of the eyes bulge from the growing brain. If one of these bits of tissue is removed and transplanted into the area that should become the frog's stomach, an eye develops there. This shows the importance of ________ in embryonic development.

A) differentiation
B) cleavage
C) organogenesis
D) induction

Question 15

Which animal is the most important in experiments on induction and embryo development?

A) chicken
B) mouse
C) frog
D) fruit fly

Question 16

Which morphogen is produced by ZPA cells?

A) sonic hedgehog
B) sonic chicken
C) morpho hedgehog
D) morpho chicken

Question 17

Which part of the human hand develops furthest from the ZPA?

A) palm
B) thumb
C) middle finger
D) little finger

Question 18

The separation of cells into distinct layers relies on:

A) apoptosis
B) cell adhesion molecules
C) organogenesis
D) bicoid protein

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of cell movement?

A) gastrulation
B) determination
C) production of bicoid
D) fertilization

Question 20

Parental DNA passed on through the sperm and egg holds the information for an embryo's proteins, which will determine its characteristics.

Question 21

Once the notochord begins to form, the bilateral symmetry of a frog embryo has been established.

Question 22

For development to occur, maternal hormones must direct the movement of embryonic cells.

Question 23

The morula contains a liquid-filled cavity.

Question 24

Parkinson's disease could possibly be treated using stem cells.

Question 25

Cells that move into the blastocoel are mesenchyme cells.

Question 26

Refer to the figure above and then answer the questions that follow.

-An egg with no bicoid will produce no anterior or posterior structures at all.

Question 27

Refer to the figure above and then answer the questions that follow.

-Morphogens are transcription factors that turn on other transcription factors.

Question 28

HOM homeobox genes are in vertebrates, whereas Hox are in flies.

Question 29

"Identical twins develop because at the two-cell stage, the cells are still totipotent.

Question 30

The capacity for cells to become many different kinds of cells generally decreases as development progresses.

Question 31

If a sperm had 24 chromosomes, and an egg had 24 chromosomes, the zygote would have ________ chromosomes.

Question 32

A zygote becomes a(n) ________.

Question 33

The neural tube in vertebrates eventually forms the ________.

Question 34

This process of cell division produces sperm and egg.

Question 35

This process produces a zygote.

Question 36

This process of cell division helps produce an embryo from a zygote.

Question 37

Which forms first in sea urchins, the mouth or the anus?

Question 38

What is the name of the cavity inside the blastula?

Question 39

When it is possible to predict the fate of a cell, we say that cell is ________.

Question 40

Match the organ with its germ layer.

-Lung

A) mesoderm
B) ectoderm
C) endoderm

Question 41

Match the organ with its germ layer.

-Muscle

A) mesoderm
B) ectoderm
C) endoderm

Question 42

Match the organ with its germ layer.

-Nails

A) mesoderm
B) ectoderm
C) endoderm

Question 43

Match the organ with its germ layer.

-Bone

A) mesoderm
B) ectoderm
C) endoderm

Question 44

Match the organ with its germ layer.

-Brain

A) mesoderm
B) ectoderm
C) endoderm

Question 45

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows.
-After somatic cell mitosis, the "daughter cells enlarge to the size of the parental cell. Does this happen during cleavage? Why or why not?

Question 46

Why is the bicoid gene so important to developmental biologists?

Question 47

If all that is required for a human zygote is to have 46 chromosomes, why can't two sperm fertilize each other?