Deck 30: Digestion, Nutrition and Elimination

Question 1

Some people are "lactose intolerant" they cannot digest lactose. Lactose is found in milk. What happens to the lactose in the digestive system of one of these people?

A) The lactose is absorbed in the small intestine.
B) Different enzymes digest the lactose.
C) The acid in the stomach breaks down the lactose.
D) The lactose in unchanged.

Answer 1

The lactose in unchanged.

Question 2

Where is digested food first carried in the bloodstream?

A) the liver
B) the brain
C) the muscles
D) the heart

Answer 2

the liver

Question 3

Which organic molecule is harder than the others for the body to digest and absorb into the blood?

A) carbohydrate
B) lipid
C) protein
D) they are all very easy to digest

Answer 3

lipid

Question 4

Blue cheese and tofu are both foods in which fungus is deliberately added to partially digest the food. What does this do to the size of the organic molecules in the food?

A) It makes them smaller.
B) It does not change the size of the molecules.
C) It joins them into larger molecules.
D) It is impossible to predict.

Question 5

How many muscles are needed to push the food from the pharynx into the esophagus?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 6

An "upset stomach can be "settled by drinking an antacid such as Mylanta. How do you suppose this works?

A) It neutralizes the hydrochloric acid.
B) It neutralizes the mucus.
C) It kills the cells of the submucosa.
D) It neutralizes the pepsin.

Question 7

Roughly how long is the small intestine?

A) 6 ft
B) 14 ft
C) 20 ft
D) 30 ft

Question 8

How would a disease that damages the pancreas affect the digestive system?

A) The food in the small intestine would be more basic (alkaline).
B) Food would be digested more quickly.
C) The food in the small intestine would be more acidic.
D) The stomach would be unable to function.

Question 9

Gallstones are the result of too much concentration of:

A) the food in the small intestine.
B) digestive enzymes.
C) chemical buffers.
D) bile.

Question 10

Which part of the digestive system acts like a trash compactor?

A) the small intestine.
B) the large intestine.
C) the stomach.
D) the mouth.

Question 11

Roughly how long does it take for food to go completely through the digestive system, from mouth to anus?

A) 8-10 hours
B) 24 hours
C) 2-3 days
D) a week

Question 12

During colonoscopy, a doctor uses a camera to examine the interior surface of the colon. What is the doctor looking for?

A) undigested food
B) bacteria
C) colon cancer/polyps
D) ulcers

Question 13

The building blocks of which of the following enter lacteals because they are too large to enter blood capillaries?

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) glucose
D) proteins

Question 14

Your roommate has been taking the antibiotic tetracycline for 2 years to control her acne. Routine blood work reveals that she has a vitamin deficiency. Which of the following is an adequate explanation for her vitamin deficiency?

A) Antibiotics can bind to vitamins in the intestinal tract and prevent their absorption.
B) Antibiotics kill the normal flora (resident bacteria) of the intestinal tract, which is responsible for synthesizing certain vitamins.
C) Taking antibiotics for extended periods of time slows down metabolism.
D) None of the above is an adequate explanation.

Question 15

The disease goiter is caused by a deficiency of:

A) iron.
B) potassium.
C) iodine.
D) protein.

Question 16

As blood passes through the kidneys, which of the following occurs?

A) Its pH is adjusted.
B) Its volume is increased.
C) Its toxicity is increased.
D) The number of red blood cells is increased.

Question 17

The urinary system of humans removes excess amounts of all the following materials from the blood except:

A) blood proteins.
B) toxins.
C) hydrogen ions.
D) salts.
E) water.

Question 18

Patients suffering from kidney failure undergo dialysis, in which the blood is filtered through dialysis tubing. What property must this dialysis tubing have?

A) It is impermeable to chemicals.
B) It is completely permeable to chemicals of all molecular sizes.
C) It is permeable to small molecules, but impermeable to large proteins.
D) It is permeable only to water.

Question 19

Caffeine, found in many soft drinks and coffee, blocks the receptors for ADH on the nephron. What is its effect?

A) It causes less reabsorption of water, and thus the kidneys lose water.
B) It causes less reabsorption of water, and thus the kidneys conserve water.
C) It causes more reabsorption of water, and thus the kidneys lose water.
D) It causes more reabsorption of water, and thus the kidneys conserve water.

Question 20

Which of the following is not normally a part of the filtrate in a nephron?

A) water
B) white blood cells
C) glucose
D) sodium

Question 21

Urine moves out of the kidney and to the bladder through the:

A) urethra by gravity.
B) urethra by peristalsis.
C) ureters by peristalsis.
D) ureters by gravity.

Question 22

Pepsin is an important enzyme in the small intestine.

Question 23

A Calorie is actually 1,000 calories.

Question 24

Enzymes are composed of lipids.

Question 25

A combination of rice and beans provides all the essential amino acids needed in the diet.

Question 26

The plasma membrane is largely composed of lipids.

Question 27

Bread, potatoes, and meat should be the main part of your daily diet.

Question 28

Maintaining the blood volume is an important part of homeostasis.

Question 29

Under normal conditions, human urine is sterile because filtration processes exclude viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens.

Question 30

Some bacterial infections can cause peristalsis in the large intestine to move the chyme through too quickly. One result of this might be ________.

Question 31

Which organ stores bile?

Question 32

Which organic molecule common in foods has the most caloric content?

Question 33

The body has no reservoir of which major nutrient?

Question 34

The outer seed coat of a wheat grain is the ________.

Question 35

What is the common name for adipocytes?

Question 36

If the renal arteries are damaged, which part of the body would be most affected?

Question 37

Which part of the brain produces the hormone ADH?

Question 38

Which tube in the urinary system is much shorter in females than in males?

Question 39

Label the parts of the digestive system.

Question 40

Label the accessory glands of the digestive system.

Question 41

Match the step of the digestive system with the proper example.

-Chewing

A) absorption
B) secretion
C) mechanical processing
D) ingestion
E) digestion

Question 42

Match the step of the digestive system with the proper example.

-Salivation

A) absorption
B) secretion
C) mechanical processing
D) ingestion
E) digestion

Question 43

Match the step of the digestive system with the proper example.

-Stuffing six hard-boiled eggs into your mouth

A) absorption
B) secretion
C) mechanical processing
D) ingestion
E) digestion

Question 44

Match the step of the digestive system with the proper example.

-Pepsin working on proteins

A) absorption
B) secretion
C) mechanical processing
D) ingestion
E) digestion

Question 45

Match the step of the digestive system with the proper example.

-Glucose moving through the mucosa and into the blood vessels of the submucosa

A) absorption
B) secretion
C) mechanical processing
D) ingestion
E) digestion

Question 46

Why might a doctor instruct a patient to eat a low-fat diet after having the gallbladder removed?

Question 47

Filling the stomach can stimulate the defecation reflex. Why might this be beneficial to the digestive tract?

Question 48

Explain the role of vitamins in the body.

Question 49

Explain the main parts of the nephron and their functions.