Deck 27: The Nervous and Endocrine System

Question 1

The functional unit of the nervous system, which transmits messages, is the:

A) glial cell.
B) brain.
C) nerve.
D) neuron.

Answer 1

neuron.

Question 2

Adding 2 + 2 requires using which of the following types of neuron?

A) interneuron
B) sensory neuron
C) motor neuron
D) glial cell.

Answer 2

interneuron

Question 3

Deciding to walk across the room uses which of the following types of neuron?

A) interneuron
B) sensory neuron
C) motor neuron
D) glial cell.

Answer 3

interneuron

Question 4

Which of the following would most directly cause a response to something perceived by an animal in its surroundings?

A) interneurons
B) autonomic neurons
C) efferent neurons
D) parasympathetic neurons
E) afferent neurons

Question 5

Before an action potential begins, sodium ions have a greater concentration:

A) inside the neuron's cell membrane.
B) outside the neuron's cell membrane.
C) Neither of the above answers is correct. The sodium concentration is the same outside and inside the cell's membrane.

Question 6

When you step on a tack and jump back, which of the following is controlling the jump?

A) brain and spinal cord
B) spinal cord only
C) brain only
D) None of the above is involved in this response.

Question 7

Long-term depression is associated with:

A) the application of a continuous low-level stimulus.
B) the inability of neurons to fire an electrical impulse.
C) the inability to retain long-term memory.
D) increased sensitivity to an electrical stimulation.
E) increased reuptake of serotonin.

Question 8

Where do you find cerebrospinal fluid?

A) around the spinal cord
B) around the brain
C) around nerves
D) around the brain and spinal cord

Question 9

When you touch a hot object, a reflex controls your movements. The efferent signal in this reflex travels down the:

A) spinal cord.
B) motor neuron.
C) sensory neuron.
D) interneuron.

Question 10

A person has a stroke and is unable speak. The damage probably occurred in the:

A) pons.
B) cerebral cortex.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) cerebellum.

Question 11

What causes a cell to respond to a particular hormone?

A) receptor molecules
B) nerve cells
C) calcium ion levels
D) blood proteins
E) other hormones

Question 12

Which organ helps to move hormones throughout the body?

A) arteries
B) capillaries
C) heart
D) lungs
E) glands

Question 13

Which type of hormone acts more slowly on the body that the others?

A) peptide
B) steroid
C) amino-acid-based
D) carbohydrate

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with a tumor in the anterior pituitary. This tumor causes the affected gland to overproduce its normal hormones. Which of the following might be a symptom?

A) a problem with glucose homeostasis
B) a problem with the kidneys and urine production
C) a problem with cell growth and metabolism
D) a problem regulating light and dark cycles

Question 15

Secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland is controlled directly by the:

A) hypothalamus.
B) cerebellum.
C) thalamus.
D) cerebrum.

Question 16

The endocrine gland that releases the greatest variety of hormones is the:

A) hypothalamus
B) adrenal gland
C) anterior pituitary
D) posterior pituitary

Question 17

Why does lack of or slow production of insulin cause diabetes?

A) Insulin is required for glucose uptake.
B) Insulin is required for excretion of glucose.
C) Insulin is required for glucose breakdown.
D) Insulin is required for converting glucose to glycogen.
E) Insulin is required for synthesis of glucose.

Question 18

A young child does not respond to lipid-soluble hormones. What is her physiological problem?

A) She lacks cAMP in her cells.
B) She lacks the ability to absorb the hormones.
C) She does not have receptors on or in her cells.
D) She lacks specific G proteins.
E) potentially A, C, D

Question 19

Just before the start of a marathon, the levels of corticol in the runners' blood will probably:

A) be higher than normal.
B) be lower than normal.
C) maintain the regular level.

Question 20

A dendrite passes signals to the cell body, whereas an axon carries signals from the cell body.

Question 21

The receiving neuron comes after the synaptic cleft.

Question 22

Spinal cord injuries affect the spinal cord and brain directly.

Question 23

Athletes who excel at sports requiring repetitive movements, such as golf, have highly developed cerebrums.

Question 24

Before a smell can be detected, the odorant molecules must bind with receptors in the nasal passages.

Question 25

In general, the nervous system coordinates responses to an animal's outside environment, whereas the endocrine system coordinates responses within the animal's body.

Question 26

Hormones can be made from polypeptide molecules.

Question 27

Hormones are released as a result of changes in the composition of blood or tissue fluid.

Question 28

Hormones are used to maintain homeostasis.

Question 29

The posterior pituitary releases ADH (antidiuretic hormone).

Question 30

The anterior pituitary makes growth hormone.

Question 31

A woman who desires to become pregnant but is having trouble conceiving might look to the amount of TSH being secreted by the hypothalamus as a reason for her lack of fertility.

Question 32

Oxytocin is important in the production of breast milk and uterine contractions.

Question 33

Rearrange the following steps for the correct sequence of an action potential.
1) Potassium ions rush out of the neuron.
2) Sodium ions rush into the neuron.
3) Potassium gates open.

Question 34

The detection of hot and cold is called ________.

Question 35

Why is your sense of smell impaired when you have a head cold?

Question 36

What is the name for the "bumps on the tongue that detect taste?

Question 37

Substances that are secreted by cells in one part of the body and travel through the blood to affect cells in another part of the body are ________.

Question 38

What are the three main classes of hormones?

Question 39

Caffeine is a diuretic: it causes the body to lose water in the urine. Based on your knowledge of the endocrine system, what hormone is probably affected by the presence of caffeine? Why?

Question 40

In some cases of childbirth, labor must be "induced, or started, before its time. Which hormone is injected into the mother to stimulate contraction of the muscles in the uterus?

Question 41

Luteinizing hormone is made by the ________.

Question 42

Thyroid-stimulating hormone is made by the ________.

Question 43

Oxytocin is released by the ________.

Question 44

Label the parts of the human brain.

Question 45

Label the parts of the human ear.

Question 46

Label the parts of the human eye.

Question 47

Label the major hormone-secreting glands of the human body.

Question 48

Match the brain function in column 1 with the brain part in column 2.

-Keeping your hands steady

A) thalamus
B) midbrain
C) cerebellum
D) cerebrum
E) medulla

Question 49

Match the brain function in column 1 with the brain part in column 2.

-Balancing in your chair

A) thalamus
B) midbrain
C) cerebellum
D) cerebrum
E) medulla

Question 50

Match the brain function in column 1 with the brain part in column 2.

-Performing a math calculation

A) thalamus
B) midbrain
C) cerebellum
D) cerebrum
E) medulla

Question 51

Match the brain function in column 1 with the brain part in column 2.

-Relays sensory information to cerebrum

A) thalamus
B) midbrain
C) cerebellum
D) cerebrum
E) medulla

Question 52

Match the brain function in column 1 with the brain part in column 2.

-Regulates breathing

A) thalamus
B) midbrain
C) cerebellum
D) cerebrum
E) medulla

Question 53

Why would paralysis result from damage all the way across the spinal cord?