Deck 24: An Introduction to Flowering Plants

Question 1

The photosynthesis equation is carbon dioxide + water ? glucose + oxygen gas. Which of these chemicals represents surplus biomass, which animals can use for food?

A) carbon dioxide
B) water
C) oxygen
D) glucose
E) light and chloroplasts

Answer 1

glucose

Question 2

The most important food plant to human society is:

A) rice .
B) corn.
C) soybeans.
D) potatoes.
E) wheat.

Answer 2

rice .

Question 3

Which of these chemicals represents an important raw material needed for animal respiration?

A) carbon dioxide
B) water
C) oxygen
D) glucose
E) light and chloroplasts

Answer 3

oxygen

Question 4

Plants help reverse the effects of global warming by removing which of these chemicals?

A) carbon dioxide
B) water
C) oxygen
D) glucose
E) light and chloroplasts

Question 5

Annually, how much carbon dioxide can be absorbed by a single mature maple tree?

A) none
B) 4.5 kg
C) 45 kg
D) 450 kg
E) 4,500 kg

Question 6

Which of the following is the predominant group of plants on Earth?

A) bryophytes
B) seedless vascular plants
C) gymnosperms
D) angiosperms
E) algae

Question 7

Angiosperms describes which group of plants?

A) coniferous trees
B) ferns
C) flowering plants
D) algae
E) mosses

Question 8

The primary function of the root is:

A) to store food.
B) to anchor the plant.
C) to absorb water and minerals.
D) reproduction.
E) to attract pollinators.

Question 9

Which of the following is true of plant roots?

A) They anchor the plant.
B) They produce oxygen.
C) They hold the stem erect.
D) They keep water near the upper layers of the soil.
E) They grow deep into the soil.

Question 10

Which of the following characteristics apply to stems only, distinguishing them from roots?

A) storage
B) anchorage
C) storage of glucose
D) transport of water and materials
E) seed storage

Question 11

In transplanting a shrub, you discover that it has a large, long, deep root. The root system of this shrub can best be called:

A) primary.
B) secondary.
C) tap.
D) fibrous.
E) deciduous.

Question 12

Root hairs develop as elongations of:

A) vascular tissue cells.
B) the root cap.
C) cells on the root surface.
D) fungal hyphae.
E) rhizoids.

Question 13

Movement of water out of the leaves of a plant is known as:

A) active transport.
B) photosynthesis.
C) facilitated transport.
D) evaporation.
E) transpiration.

Question 14

Approximately what proportion of the water that enters a plant is evaporated into the atmosphere?

A) 90 percent
B) 75 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 100 percent
E) 25 percent

Question 15

Plant transpiration would occur more rapidly on a day that is:

A) sunny and windy.
B) below freezing.
C) cloudy and rainy.
D) cool and cloudy.
E) humid and hot.

Question 16

Broadleaf plants generally require more water because of:

A) increased water loss.
B) increased surface area for light capture.
C) increased gas exchange.
D) increased rate of photosynthesis.
E) increased herbivory.

Question 17

Leaves are covered on the outside with ________ to reduce water loss.

A) root hairs
B) cuticle
C) petiole
D) endosperm
E) stomata

Question 18

The vascular system in plants is analogous to the:

A) digestive system in animals .
B) excretory system in animals.
C) reproductive system in protists.
D) respiratory system in protists.
E) circulatory system in animals.

Question 19

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows.

-Why are the stomata concentrated on the underside of the leaf?

A) This location allows them to hide from potential predators.
B) Shade reduces water loss.
C) The carbon dioxide concentration is higher.
D) Photosynthesis occurs only on the underside of leaves.

Question 20

Guard cells swell and shrink, thus regulating the size of ________ that permit the diffusion of water vapor and other gasses into and out of leaves.

A) stomata opening
B) blades
C) pedicels
D) mesophyll cells
E) pith

Question 21

An iris is a flower with three colored petal-like structures located at the base of the flower and three colored petals just above them. What are the petal-like structures?

A) immature fruits
B) ordinary leaves
C) structures designed to assist in wind pollination
D) modified sepals
E) flower buds

Question 22

Pollen is produced by cell divisions inside of the:

A) carpel.
B) stigma.
C) sepal.
D) filament.
E) anther.

Question 23

Flowers that make pollen only and no seeds lack which part?

A) sepal
B) fruit
C) petal
D) stamen

Question 24

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows.

-Where does fertilization occur in a flower?

A) stigma
B) stamen
C) ovary
D) style
E) anther

Question 25

What is the function of the second sperm cell in angiosperm reproduction?

A) food source for embryo
B) to serve as a backup
C) seed
D) carpel
E) megaspore

Question 26

Xylem tubes are rigid because they include this chemical, not found in phloem, in their cell walls.

A) ribose
B) starch
C) lignin
D) nitrogen
E) DNA

Question 27

After closely examining a local "sweetheart tree that recently died, you notice that there are so many initials carved into the bark, which includes all the phloem, that there is no continuous, uninterrupted conduit for the phloem all the way around a tree trunk. Why did this eventually cause the tree to die?

A) Cells of the apical meristem can no longer divide.
B) The transport of sugars between leaves and roots is interrupted.
C) The transport of sugars between leaves and twigs is interrupted.
D) Water and minerals can no longer be supplied to the leaves.
E) The tree is more susceptible to insect and fungal diseases.

Question 28

If a scientist states that he has discovered a new plant hormone, he would have to demonstrate that this compound is:

A) made out of cell proteins.
B) formed in one part of the plant and had an effect in a different part.
C) needed by the plant as a major source of energy.
D) a catalyst.
E) capable of stimulating differentiating cells to form meristematic tissue .

Question 29

The plant tissue that moves carbohydrates from one part of the plant to another is:

A) pith.
B) phloem.
C) epidermis.
D) cortex.
E) xylem.

Question 30

The environmental factor that is most important to plant growth and maintenance is:

A) water availability
B) touch
C) gravity
D) light
E) seasonal changes

Question 31

Exposing a cut stem to air interrupts the flow of:

A) carbon dioxide into the stomata.
B) water into the vessel elements and tracheids.
C) starch in the cortex.
D) carbohydrates in the companion cells.
E) carbohydrates in the sieve elements.

Question 32

Pruning or lowering the level of a hedge with a hedge trimmer stimulates the hedge to become more bushy because:

A) this stimulates the production of ethylene gas.
B) removing the apical meristems makes more auxin, which stimulates lateral branch buds to grow
C) removing the lateral buds results in apical dominance under the influence of cytokinins.
D) removing the apical meristems makes less ethylene, thereby stimulating lateral branches to grow
E) removing the apical meristems results in less auxin, thereby allowing lateral branches to grow

Question 33

Your parents built a tree house for you when you were 8 years old and 4 feet tall. They placed the tree house on a branch of a tree that was 5 feet above the ground in a tree that was 20 feet tall. You are now 20 years old and 6 feet tall. The tree has grown to be 50 feet tall. How high above the ground is the branch on which the tree house is resting now?

A) 4 feet
B) 35 feet
C) 20 feet
D) 50 feet
E) 5 feet

Question 34

Which of these is the best description of "indeterminate growth?

A) The organism can increase its size indefinitely.
B) The organism cannot increase in length indefinitely.
C) The length of the organism is in between very long and very short for this species.
D) The organism can absorb water indefinitely.
E) The organism can grow laterally as well as in length.

Question 35

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the changes in fruit as it ripens?

A) ethylene
B) auxins
C) gibberellic acid
D) IAA
E) cytokinins

Question 36

The roots of many forest trees have symbiotic relationships with fungi. The name of this relationship is:

A) root hairs.
B) root nodules.
C) hormones.
D) mycorrhizae.
E) nonexistent.

Question 37

You find a plant that you think is a legume, and you want to see whether it has nitrogen-fixing bacteria. What would you look for?

A) nitrates in the stems and leaves
B) nodules present on the roots
C) an enlarged taproot
D) an extensive fibrous root system
E) lack of root hairs

Question 38

All of the following are adaptations of flowering plants to life on land except:

A) seed dormancy.
B) pollen.
C) ovaries.
D) photosynthesis.
E) stems.

Question 39

A vine's tendril wrapping around another object is an example of:

A) nervous system stimulation.
B) thigmotropism.
C) phototropism.
D) gravitropism.
E) photoperiodism.

Question 40

A temperate deciduous forest is characterized by what kind of trees?

A) evergreen
B) trees that lose their leaves in the fall
C) ferns
D) trees that produce brilliant flowers
E) pine and spruce

Question 41

The change of leaf colors in the fall is caused by:

A) production of new pigments.
B) a need to conserve heat.
C) phototropism.
D) chlorophyll decay revealing other photosynthetic pigments already present in the leaf.
E) abscission.

Question 42

Why do plants need darkness?

A) to carry out the light-independent reaction
B) to coordinate protein synthesis
C) to carry out the light-dependent reaction
D) to coordinate hormone synthesis
E) to undergo growth and repair, like animals when they sleep.

Question 43

Plants in the United States that flower in the spring are:

A) long night plants.
B) long day plants.
C) day neutral plants.
D) phytochrome plants.
E) deciduous.

Question 44

Among the three most important soil nutrients typically found in fertilizer is:

A) potassium.
B) cobalt.
C) iron.
D) boron.
E) magnesium.

Question 45

In organic farming, a source of extra nitrogen added to soils as fertilizer comes from:

A) nitrogen gas from the atmosphere.
B) natural gas.
C) anhydrous ammonia.
D) decomposed manure.

Question 46

Some plants have uses as both a poison and a medicine.

Question 47

Plant root systems can reduce soil erosion.

Question 48

As humans, we are heterotrophs; for us to live, something else must die. Thus all our food must come directly or indirectly from plants.

Question 49

Most domestic plants can grow in virtually any geographic region.

Question 50

Root systems are above ground, whereas shoot systems are below.

Question 51

Most plants are quite efficient in their use of water.

Question 52

All leaves have a petiole.

Question 53

A chunk of Aspen trees may represent genetically identical organisms that are all one clone.

Question 54

Vascular bundles contain either xylem or phloem.

Question 55

Phototropism is not a significant issue for plants.

Question 56

Roots perform a stabilizing and acquiring function for plants.

Question 57

Tropisms are caused by auxins.

Question 58

List four materials that humans derive directly from plants.

Question 59

Identify how plants are able to defend themselves physically and chemically from herbivory.

Question 60

Are plants influenced by hormones in the same way humans are influenced by hormones? Why?

Question 61

Plants in the tropical rain forest often grow faster than those in temperate forests. Explain how the factors that affect transpiration contribute to this characteristic.

Question 62

Virtually all plants compete directly with all the plants around them. Why is this so?

Question 63

What is the benefit of having plants in your home?

Question 64

Plants are in a race for sunlight. What must shorter plants develop in order to compete with larger or taller plants?

Question 65

What is the most important gas that plants in drier climates must worry about when carrying out gas exchange with their stomata? Why?

Question 66

Bee pollen is a misnomer. Please explain.

Question 67

What is the relationship between fungus and plant roots called, and why is it important?