Deck 23: The Diversity of Life 3

Question 1

Animals are divided into different phyla on the basis of:

A) body cavities.
B) cephalization.
C) tissues.
D) symmetry.
E) body plans.

Answer 1

body plans.

Question 2

If an animal moves rapidly through its environment, it probably has ________ as well.

A) radial symmetry
B) asymmetry
C) bilateral symmetry
D) a pseudocoelom
E) mesoglea

Answer 2

bilateral symmetry

Question 3

Which of the following is an advantage of a body cavity?

A) It allows flexibility-organs can slide around relative to one another.
B) It allows for the storage of materials.
C) It provides room for a digestive chamber or stomach.
D) It provides for movement.

Answer 3

It allows flexibility-organs can slide around relative to one another.

Question 4

What is the primary distinction between protostomes and deuterostomes?

A) fate of the blastopore
B) complexity
C) habitat-terrestrial or aquatic
D) symmetry
E) mesoderm-presence or absence

Question 5

What three phyla are considered to be protostomes?

A) Chordata, Mollusca, Arthropoda
B) Cnidaria, Annelida, Mollusca
C) Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda
D) Annelida, Nematoda, Mollusca
E) Chordata, Echinodermata, Arthropoda

Question 6

Larvae are very important in animals. Why?

A) They are used to distinguish phyla.
B) They are used to distinguish genera.
C) They are used to distinguish divisions.
D) They are used to distinguish families.
E) They are used to distinguish species.

Question 7

The presence of a ________ distinguishes deuterostomes from protostomes.

A) single-opening digestive chamber
B) ventral nerve cord
C) well-developed brain
D) coelom
E) ventral heart

Question 8

Porifera have been long debated to be in the Kingdom Protista, not the Kingdom Animalia. Why might this argument hold ground?

A) Porifera are triploblastic and have no distinct tissues.
B) Porifera are acoelomates and are atriploblastic.
C) Porifera have no distinct tissues and are sessile.
D) Porifera have no distinct tissues and no cavity between layers.
E) Porifera are sessile and are pseudocoelomatic.

Question 9

How is water moved through the sponge body?

A) by tidal action
B) by the flagella of the collar cells
C) by the spicules, which create the water flow
D) by the muscles surrounding the osculum
E) by expansion and contraction of the body

Question 10

Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are the first group to possess:

A) bilateral symmetry.
B) tissues.
C) the ability to move.
D) a complete digestive system.
E) a coelom.

Question 11

Which class of flatworms is free-living (not parasitic)?

A) Cestoidea (tapeworms)
B) Trematoda (flukes)
C) Turbellaria (planaria)
D) Hirudinea (leeches
E) Oligochaeta (earthworm)

Question 12

Leeches are important to humans:

A) as a model for vertebrate locomotion.
B) for medicinal uses.
C) because some are parasitic.
D) for soil formation.
E) as fish bait.

Question 13

Some annelids, like the earthworm, exchange gases through their:

A) lungs.
B) skin.
C) gills.
D) mouth.
E) parapodia.

Question 14

If you saw a marine animal with a radula, complex eye, mantle chamber, and small shell, you would be able to recognize it as a member of the:

A) Porifera.
B) Platyhelminthes .
C) Mollusca.
D) Arthropoda.
E) Chordata.

Question 15

The major change in the evolutionary lineage leading to the chordates was the:

A) calcification of an internal skeleton.
B) development of the lophophore as an adaptation to the predatory life.
C) ability to "suck mud" (extract food from mud or sand).
D) evolution of the water vascular system.
E) enlargement of the pharyngeal gill slits for feeding.

Question 16

You find an organism; it has longitudinal muscles using whiplike motion, and it has a pseudocoelom. Which phyla does it belong to?

A) Nematoda
B) Annelida
C) Cnidaria
D) Porifera
E) Chordata

Question 17

Some insects, like ________, are beneficial, whereas others, like ________, are detrimental.

A) fleas; mosquitoes
B) aphids; flies
C) butterflies; spiders
D) termites; praying mantids
E) bees; locusts

Question 18

What is the primary limitation of exoskeletons?

A) It limits the animal's size when the animal is on land.
B) The animal cannot mate unless it is molting.
C) It does not allow for wings.
D) Its weight will cause the animal to drown in water.
E) The animal will not be able to shed its skeleton periodically to grow.

Question 19

As a marine zoologist, you discover an animal new to science. It has segmentation, an exoskeleton, jointed appendages, and chelicerae. It might be a form of:

A) crab.
B) spider.
C) barnacle.
D) horseshoe crab.
E) insect.

Question 20

Which class of arthropod is terrestrial and has six legs and three body parts?

A) Centipedes
B) Crustacea
C) Uniramia
D) Insecta
E) Chelicerata

Question 21

Crustacea are important to humans in which of the following ways?

A) They pollinate crops.
B) They destroy habitat.
C) They provide protection from predators.
D) They provide an economic base to many coastal communities.
E) They are disease carriers.

Question 22

A sea star ("starfish") is:

A) a deuterostome.
B) a protostome.
C) a filter feeder.
D) a freshwater dweller.
E) terrestrial.

Question 23

Which of the following is a major advantage for Class Reptilia?

A) maternal care of the young
B) returning to water to reproduce
C) better separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart
D) autotrophic
E) breathing through the skin

Question 24

Members of which phylum have a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, and pharyngeal gill slits at some time in their life cycle?

A) Arthropoda
B) Chordata
C) Platyhelminthes
D) Mollusca
E) Echinodermata

Question 25

Which phylum contains the most species?

A) Echinodermata
B) Mollusca
C) Annelida
D) Arthropoda
E) Chordata

Question 26

Which phylum has both medusa and polyp stages in its life cycle?

A) Nematoda
B) Cnidaria
C) Porifera
D) Platyhelminthes
E) Annelida

Question 27

Which phylum is exclusively marine (ocean-dwelling)?

A) Porifera
B) Echinodermata
C) Mollusca
D) Cnidaria
E) Nematoda

Question 28

Members of which phylum are mostly small, have a pseudocoelom, and are important as agricultural pests?

A) Annelida
B) Cnidaria
C) Nematoda
D) Porifera
E) Mollusca

Question 29

Which of the following phyla have asexual or hermaphroditic species?

A) Arthropoda
B) Annelida
C) Echinodermata
D) Chordata
E) Nematoda

Question 30

Which of the following animals is most closely related to humans?

A) lobster
B) beetle
C) squid
D) sea cucumber
E) spider

Question 31

A zoologist discovers a vertebrate unknown to science and thinks it is related to lampreys. Which of the following characteristics would lead her to this conclusion?

A) It lacks jaws.
B) It has lobed fins.
C) It has an amniotic egg.
D) It is terrestrial.
E) It is endothermic.

Question 32

Which of the following modern fish is considered most closely related to the ancestors of amphibians?

A) goldfish
B) shark
C) coelacanth
D) ray
E) lamprey

Question 33

Which of the following groups of animals includes members with amniotic eggs?

A) mammals
B) sharks
C) invertebrates
D) amphibians
E) echinoderms

Question 34

Which pair of vertebrates are most closely related to each other?

A) dinosaurs and birds
B) amphibians and snakes
C) turtles and Archaeopteryx
D) coelacanth and mammals
E) bony fish and lizards

Question 35

Which of the following exhibits live birth?

A) opossum
B) duck-billed platypus
C) crocodile
D) quail
E) frog

Question 36

There are many more kinds of marine (ocean) animals than terrestrial, in part because animals first evolved in the ocean.

Question 37

Humans are protostomes.

Question 38

Sponges and corals can provide habitats for other marine animals.

Question 39

Some molluscs are large, complicated, and as intelligent as many mammals.

Question 40

Filtering water for its food content is common in aquatic organisms, including at least some members of the Porifera, Cnidaria, Mollusca, and Annelida.

Question 41

There are so many different organisms in the phylum Arthropoda that they have to be divided into subphyla.

Question 42

All vertebrates are chordates, but not all chordates are vertebrates.

Question 43

All vertebrates have a notochord, a ventral nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a post-anal tail at some time in their life cycle.

Question 44

Typical amphibian eggs must be laid and fertilized in water and develop into an aquatic larval stage.

Question 45

Modern reptiles are a diverse group that are only distantly related to each other.

Question 46

How do sponges acquire food?

Question 47

What is the function of the swim bladder possessed by some bony fish?

Question 48

Why can sponges not exist in a murky water environment?

Question 49

What are the two "molting phyla?

Question 50

Label the defining characteristics of the Phylum Chordata.

Question 51

What is the relationship between the polyp and medusa stage in a Cnidarian life cycle that includes both?

Question 52

Compare the differences in shells amongst species in the Phylum Mollusca.

Question 53

Describe some characteristics that demonstrate the diversity of chordates.

Question 54

In free-swimming flatworms, the digestive system runs through the entire body. What is the benefit of this body plan?

Question 55

Which phyla is the most diverse in physical structure? Why?

Question 56

What is the importance of segmentation in annelids?

Question 57

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows.
-Compare and contrast the effects of body plan.

Question 58

Each arm of a sea star contains digestive and reproductive structures. What is the importance of this body plan?