Deck 21: The Diversity of Life 1

Question 1

The first organisms on Earth were:

A) eukaryotic, anaerobic, and heterotrophic.
B) prokaryotic, aerobic, and autotrophic.
C) prokaryotic, anaerobic, and heterotrophic.
D) prokaryotic, anaerobic, and autotrophic.

Answer 1

prokaryotic, anaerobic, and heterotrophic.

Question 2

Which disease is caused by the virus H5N1?

A) malaria
B) avian flu
C) cervical cancer
D) HIV/AIDS

Answer 2

avian flu

Question 3

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows.

-This structure does not appear to be cellular. It consists of a mixture of protein and RNA and can cause an immune response in humans. Which of the following describes this structure?

A) plant
B) protist
C) fungus
D) virus

Answer 3

virus

Question 4

Which of the following is true?

A) Viruses are cellular.
B) Viruses can reproduce outside a host cell.
C) Viruses are made of protein and lipid membranes.
D) Viruses are noncellular.

Question 5

How many base pairs are in the genome of a typical virus?

A) a few hundred
B) hundreds of thousands
C) millions
D) tens of thousands

Question 6

The human immunodeficiency virus:

A) attaches to fungi.
B) attaches to other viruses.
C) attaches to T cells in the human body.
D) attaches to cells infected by fungi.

Question 7

Once inside a plant cell, viruses:

A) cause the plant cell to make more viruses.
B) improve the health of the cell.
C) move back to the outside of the cell.
D) are killed by the cell.

Question 8

You develop a drug that helps to maintain the integrity of the cell membrane. How might this help virally infected individuals?

A) This would prevent the cell lysis.
B) This would prevent the production of virus phage.
C) This would prevent the initial infection of the virus.
D) This would do nothing.

Question 9

Which of the following is correct?

A) Most organisms alive today are prokaryotes.
B) Most modern prokaryotes are forced to live in extreme habitats.
C) Most prokaryotes today live in anaerobic environments.
D) Most prokaryotes are pathogenic.

Question 10

A bacterial cell has which of the following structures?

A) ribosomes
B) nuclear membrane
C) chloroplast
D) mitochondria

Question 11

The following question refers to cells seen under an optical microscope.

-Cells occur singly and have no evidence of a nucleus.

A) protists
B) fungi
C) bacteria
D) plants

Question 12

Which groups of organisms are most important as decomposers, which decay dead organic matter and recycle its nutrients?

A) animals and archaea
B) plants and bacteria
C) animals and plants
D) bacteria and fungi

Question 13

Bacteria possess:

A) a single, circular chromosome.
B) several pairs of chromosomes.
C) a nucleus.
D) mitochondria.

Question 14

One type of bacterium that has a corkscrew shape and causes the disease syphilis is:

A) a bacillus.
B) an archaea.
C) a spirochete.
D) a coccus.

Question 15

Organisms that use the sun's rays as an energy source and the atmosphere as a source of carbon are:

A) chemoautotrophs
B) photoautotrophs
C) photoheterotrophs
D) chemoheterotrophs

Question 16

DNA analysis of these very small cells indicates that they have very few genes in common with the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia.

A) archaea
B) protists
C) fungi
D) bacteria

Question 17

DNA analysis of these very small cells indicates that they have some genes that are unique and some that are similar to those of the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia.

A) fungi
B) protists
C) bacteria
D) archaea

Question 18

Organisms that use inorganic compounds for energy and the atmosphere as a carbon source are called:

A) chemoautotrophs
B) photoautotrophs.
C) chemoheterotrophs
D) chemoautotrophs.

Question 19

Cells occur singly and have a nucleus and other organelles, including chloroplasts. These cells move with flagella.

A) bacteria
B) protists
C) archaea
D) fungi

Question 20

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows.

-The organism in the figure above is small, is unicellular, is a photoautotroph, and looks green. Which of the following describes this organism?

A) protist
B) fungus
C) plant
D) animal

Question 21

Phytoplankton are:

A) aquatic.
B) incapable of photosynthesis.
C) consumers.
D) found growing in a forest.

Question 22

Cells occur singly, have a nucleus and other organelles, but do not have chloroplasts or flagella. Even so, the cells seem to move by a kind of oozing or flowing of the cytoplasm.

A) protists
B) bacteria
C) fungi
D) archaea

Question 23

These single cells constantly change their shape. They appear to surround and engulf organic matter into food vacuole.

A) fungi
B) plant
C) protist
D) animal

Question 24

An example of a(n) ________ that causes a disease is Giardia.

A) plant
B) protist
C) bacterium
D) archaea

Question 25

Organisms called plasmodial slime molds are described as acellular because they have no cell membranes within the irregular slime that surrounds their many nuclei. These organisms most likely belong in what group?

A) bacteria
B) protists
C) fungi
D) archaea

Question 26

This agent attacks T cells in the body, inserting its RNA into the cell, which is forced to make viral DNA and new virus particles. What is the identity of this agent?

A) A T4 virus
B) a virulent bacterium
C) a human immunodeficiency virus
D) an amoeba

Question 27

Which component would you expect to see as part of a virus?

A) cell membrane
B) nucleus
C) flagellum
D) protein coat

Question 28

Which component would you expect to find in a bacterium?

A) nucleus
B) protein coat
C) ribosome
D) mitochondrion

Question 29

Based on numbers of individuals and species, and ability to live in varied habitats, which group organisms appears to be the most successful on Earth?

A) viruses
B) bacteria
C) humans
D) plants

Question 30

Where would you find the greatest number and variety of bacteria in a human?

A) mouth
B) stomach
C) intestine
D) skin

Question 31

Which relationship is most common between humans and bacteria?

A) commensalism
B) mutualism
C) parasitism
D) predator/prey

Question 32

The overuse of antibiotics has resulted in:

A) the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
B) the elimination of bacterial disease.
C) the appearance of new species of viruses.
D) the elimination of certain viral diseases.

Question 33

Which domain includes organisms that require extreme environmental conditions for survival?

A) Bacteria
B) viruses
C) Archaea
D) phytoplankton

Question 34

A halophile is an organism that requires which of the following for survival?

A) high salt content
B) high temperatures
C) high oxygen content
D) high acidity

Question 35

Anaerobes are organisms that require which environmental condition for survival?

A) high temperature
B) high acidity
C) high salt content
D) low oxygen content

Question 36

Which is the most diverse group of organisms alive today?

A) plants
B) animals
C) bacteria
D) protists

Question 37

Some protists are similar to plants because:

A) they both have mitochondria.
B) they both have cilia.
C) they both perform cellular metabolism.
D) they both perform photosynthesis.

Question 38

Amoeba differ from phytoplankton because amoeba:

A) reproduce asexually.
B) require light to perform photosynthesis.
C) move with pseudopodia.
D) are microscopic.

Question 39

In the natural world, which organisms are capable of changing atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable to green plants?

A) bacteria
B) viruses
C) amoeba
D) phytoplankton

Question 40

The coating of viruses is generally made of protein.

Question 41

Bacteria are the smallest microorganisms known.

Question 42

A flagellum is found only in prokaryotes and not in eukaryotes.

Question 43

Bacteria possess a single circular chromosome.

Question 44

Clostridium botulinum is dangerous to humans because it produces a toxic waste product.

Question 45

Short, hair-like locomotor structures on protists are called cilia.

Question 46

Viruses have their own enzymes to perform respiration.

Question 47

Amoeba and bacteria belong to the same domain.

Question 48

Amoeba usually move around by means of cilia.

Question 49

Amoeba carries on photosynthesis using sunlight energy.

Question 50

Volvox is a colonial green alga.

Question 51

Sea kelp is a form of brown alga.

Question 52

Are viruses alive and deserving of the status of organisms, or are they just biologically active chemicals? Defend a position on this, based on what you know about what viruses are and how they work.

Question 53

Plants and animals in nature depend on the bacteria for their ultimate survival. Why is this so?