Deck 2: The History of Criminal Investigation

Question 1

Critical evidence in the Lindbergh baby kidnapping that led to the crime being solved was ______.

A) the statement of Violet Sharpe, the Lindbergh's maid
B) evidence found on the baby's pajamas
C) the serial number on a $10 bill, identified as a ransom bill
D) fingerprints located on a windowsill of the Lindbergh's house

Answer 1

the serial number on a $10 bill, identified as a ransom bill

Question 2

Parliamentary reward operated in the ______.

A) 1200s
B) 1700s and early 1800s
C) early 1900s
D) present

Answer 2

1700s and early 1800s

Question 3

One of the problems with the thieftaker system was that ______.

A) thieftakers were never used by victims
B) thieftakers tricked people into committing crimes
C) thieftakers relied on other members of the group to identify criminals
D) thieftakers often worked in cooperation with thieves

Answer 3

thieftakers often worked in cooperation with thieves

Question 4

The London Metropolitan Police Department was established in the ______.

A) 1600s
B) 1700s
C) 1800s
D) 1900s

Question 5

The necessity of detectives receiving salaries was highlighted because of problems associated with ______.

A) informers
B) the thieftaker system
C) the thiefmaker system
D) the Bureau of Investigation

Question 6

With regard to the thieftaker system, which of the following is TRUE?

A) Thieftaker was a private citizen.
B) A thieftaker was usually a thief.
C) Everyone benefited equally in this system, including the victim.
D) All crimes were investigated equally within the thieftaker system.

Question 7

The necessity of having detectives work cases was highlighted because of problems associated with ______.

A) informers and parliamentary reward
B) the thieftaker system
C) the thief-maker system
D) the workload in police departments

Question 8

Making detectives reactive and assigning them to cases reduced the likelihood that detectives ______.

A) could trick people into committing crimes
B) could conduct illegal searches
C) would solve too many crimes
D) would have nothing to do

Question 9

The mid-1800s to the early 1900s in American policing has been characterized as the ______.

A) political era of policing
B) reform era of policing
C) community problem-solving era of policing
D) the modern era of policing

Question 10

Among the limitations of photography as a method of criminal identification was NOT that ______.

A) people can look different over time
B) in order to be useful, authorities needed to have a photograph of the wanted person
C) it cost too much money to make photographs
D) people can change their appearance

Question 11

The premise of ______ was that the bone structures of an adult did not change over the course of a lifetime.

A) Brundage
B) Watchcomzule
C) Windage
D) Bertillonage

Question 12

Which of the following does NOT relate to the reform era?

A) It includes the time from the early 1800s to the early 1870s.
B) It was about police professionalism.
C) Crime control and apprehension were seen as primary functions of the police.
D) Detectives became more and more important.

Question 13

What era of policing used investigative tactics like the dragnet roundup of suspects and the third degree?

A) political era of policing
B) reform era of policing
C) community problem-solving era of policing
D) the modern era

Question 14

Which sentence is NOT accurate regarding history?

A) Understanding history allows for an appreciation of how things have changed over time.
B) The present is the product of the past.
C) It is possible to predict the future by knowing the past.
D) History is not important.

Question 15

What kind of behaviors were NOT associated with the third degree?

A) beating with a rubber house
B) placing a suspect in a sweatbox for hours and hours under constant questioning
C) drilling teeth
D) executing subjects

Question 16

What did NOT lead to the creation of state police agencies?

A) automobiles
B) ineffective local police departments
C) the need for law enforcement in less populated, rural areas
D) a decrease in crimes

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true about the FBI?

A) The FBI was created by J. Edgar Hoover in 1908.
B) The FBI was initially plagued with scandals but later grew to be a prominent law enforcement agency.
C) The FBI is responsible for counterintelligence and antiradical investigations.
D) The FBI is responsible for kidnappings.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true about the reform era of policing?

A) This era took place from the early 1900s to the 1960s.
B) This era enforced police professionalism.
C) The community was invaluable to the police's effectiveness.
D) Detectives were efficient crime solvers.

Question 19

What are NOT strategies mentioned in the textbook that provide opportunities for residents to share information with the police in solving crimes?

A) tip lines
B) school liaison officers
C) police involvement in community watch groups
D) police do not accept information shared by residents

Question 20

What is NOT a development in criminal investigation that has occurred during the community problem-solving era of policing?

A) DNA analysis as a method of identification
B) COMPSTAT
C) empirical research on the criminal investigation process
D) Bertillonage

Question 21

A ______ was a collection of photographs used for the purpose of criminal identification.

A) Rogues gallery
B) Bertillonage
C) dragnet
D) third degree

Question 22

Rounding up the usual suspects often took the form of, or was also known as, a ______.

A) Rogues gallery
B) Bertillonage
C) dragnet
D) third degree

Question 23

During the time of parliamentary reward, the work of detectives was mostly linked to which crime?

A) rape
B) kidnapping
C) murder
D) public drunkenness

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a method of identification mentioned in this chapter?

A) voice recognition
B) photography
C) fingerprints
D) Bertillonage

Question 25

A(n) ______ was an individual who tricked another person into committing a crime and then would turn that person in for a parliamentary reward.

A) informer
B) thief-taker
C) thief-maker
D) detective

Question 26

With the system of the Parliamentary reward, a reward was offered by the government to anyone who provided information that led to the apprehension of criminals.

Question 27

Thief-takers most often worked on behalf of the rich, not the poor.

Question 28

In England, the role and position of the plain-clothes detective was immediately welcomed by the public.

Question 29

At the time of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, the policing function was almost exclusively a responsibility of the federal government.

Question 30

In the political era of policing, detectives played a large and significant role in crime fighting.

Question 31

The first identification system used in America for criminal investigation purposes was fingerprinting.

Question 32

One of the primary advantages of private detective firms of the mid- to late 1800s (such as Pinkerton's) was that they operated without concern for political jurisdictional lines.

Question 33

The system of policing from the early 1900s to the 1960s was known as the reform era.

Question 34

A cornerstone of community policing is that the police are the experts and the most effective without involvement of citizens in criminal investigations or other matters.

Question 35

Because of the Lindbergh baby kidnapping, kidnapping became a federal offense and under FBI jurisdiction.

Question 36

Define the systems of parliamentary reward, thieftakers, and thief makers. What problems resulted from each of these systems?

Question 37

In constructing the position of detective, how were the problems of parliamentary reward, thieftakers, and thief makers addressed?

Question 38

Describe the role and function of detectives during the political era of policing.

Question 39

Describe the identification system known as Bertillonage, and identify its strengths and weaknesses.

Question 40

What circumstances led to the transition from the reform era of policing to the community problem-solving era of policing?