Deck 5: The Shoulder Joint

Question 1

Explain how the glenohumeral joint remains stable during movement. Provide information about specific muscles and ligaments to support your answer.

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

List the two muscles of the shoulder joint that are considered to be extrinsic.

Answer 2

1. The latissimus dorsi muscle
2. The pectoralis major muscle

Question 3

Explain GIRD as to the problem with it and what should be done to correct it.

Answer 3

Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, or GIRD, represents a difference in internal rotation range of motion between an individual's throwing and non-throwing shoulders. Studies have demonstrated that overhead athletes who had a GIRD of greater than 20% had a higher risk of injury than those who did not. Appropriate stretching exercises may be used to regain the amount of internal rotation necessary to improve performance and reduce the likelihood of injury.

Question 4

Which of the following muscles of the shoulder joint is located on the posterior surface of the scapula?

A)The coracobrachialis muscle
B)The pectoralis major muscle
C)The subscapularis muscle
D)The supraspinatus muscle

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about the shoulder joint?

A)It is a multiaxial ball-and-socket joint classified as enarthrodial and has three degrees of freedom.
B)Its movement is restricted to the sagittal plane and frontal plane with two degrees of freedom.
C)Its anatomical design helps in avoiding frequent injuries.
D)It can rotate both internally and externally, but not circumduct.

Question 6

Which of the following is an action of the middle fibers of the deltoid muscles?

A)Abduction and horizontal abduction
B)Adduction and horizontal adduction
C)Extension
D)Flexion

Question 7

Which of the following is a primary action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A)Extension of the glenohumeral joint
B)External rotation of the glenohumeral joint
C)Flexion of the glenohumeral joint
D)Horizontal adduction of the glenohumeral joint

Question 8

The latissimus dorsi muscle inserts on the:

A)back of the sacrum.
B)medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
C)posterior crest of the ilium.
D)spinous processes of the lumbar and lower six thoracic vertebrae.

Question 9

A significant part of the anterior axillary wall is made up by the _______.

A)Latissimus dorsi
B)Pectoralis major
C)Pectoralis minor
D)Teres major

Question 10

Which of the following is a concentric action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A)Extension
B)External rotation
C)Internal rotation
D)Both internal rotation and extension

Question 11

Which of the following is not an action of the pectoralis major muscle?

A)Abduction
B)External rotation
C)Flexion
D)Internal rotation

Question 12

Which of the following is the most likely to be involved in impingement syndrome?

A)The infraspinatus muscle
B)The subscapularis muscle
C)The supraspinatus muscle
D)The teres minor muscle

Question 13

Which of the following is the broadest muscle of the back and is sometimes referred to as the swimmer's muscle?

A)The deltoid muscle
B)The latissimus dorsi muscle
C)The pectoralis major muscle
D)The trapezius muscle

Question 14

Which of the following muscles works effectively with the latissimus dorsi in most of its concentric action and is said to be the latissimus dorsi's "little helper"?

A)The coracobrachialis muscle
B)The deltoid muscle
C)The pectoralis major muscle
D)The teres major muscle

Question 15

Which of the following is not considered to be a muscle in the rotator cuff group?

A)The infraspinatus muscle
B)The subscapularis muscle
C)The teres major muscle
D)The teres minor muscle

Question 16

A concentric action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major, and lower pectoralis major is _______.

A)abduction
B)extension
C)external rotation
D)flexion

Question 17

Which of the following is considered to be an extrinsic glenohumeral muscle?

A)The coracobrachialis muscle
B)The deltoid muscle
C)The latissimus dorsi muscle
D)The teres major muscle

Question 18

Which of the following is not an intrinsic glenohumeral muscle?

A)The coracobrachialis muscle
B)The deltoid muscle
C)The pectoralis major muscle
D)The teres major muscle

Question 19

Which of the following is not an anterior muscle of the shoulder joint?

A)The coracobrachialis muscle
B)The pectoralis major muscle
C)The subscapularis muscle
D)The supraspinatus muscle

Question 20

A concentric action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major and lower pectoralis major muscles is _______.

A)abduction
B)adduction
C)external rotation
D)flexion

Question 21

Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to the injury rate of the glenohumeral joint?

A)Lack of strength and endurance in the muscles
B)Laxity of the ligamentous structures
C)Shallowness of glenoid fossa
D)Tight configuration of ligaments

Question 22

An action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis and pectoralis major muscles is _______.

A)abduction
B)adduction
C)extension
D)internal rotation

Question 23

An action common to the teres minor and the infraspinatus muscles is _______.

A)abduction
B)adduction
C)external rotation
D)internal rotation

Question 24

Stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa is a primary action of the _______.

A)coracobrachialis muscle
B)latissimus dorsi muscle
C)teres major muscle
D)subscapularis muscle

Question 25

Which of the following is the most often injured rotator cuff muscle?

A)The subscapularis muscle
B)The infraspinatus muscle
C)The supraspinatus muscle
D)The teres minor muscle

Question 26

In reaching straight across the front of the body at shoulder level to touch the anterior aspect of the contralateral with the fingers, which of the following muscles must work together?

A)Anterior deltoid, upper pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, levator scapulae, serratus anterior, upper and middle, trapezius, rhomboids
B)Latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major, subscapularis, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor
C)Pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor
D)Supraspinatus, deltoid, upper pectoralis major, serratus anterior, middle and lower trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids

Question 27

The origin of the pectoralis major muscle is the coracoid process of the scapula.

Question 28

The insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle is on the coracoid process of the scapula.

Question 29

The teres minor muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve arising from C5 and C6.

Question 30

The deltoid muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve arising from C5 and C6.

Question 31

The sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle is innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve arising from C5, C6, and C7.

Question 32

Glenohumeral joint abduction is paired with the shoulder girdle upward rotation to accomplish the total shoulder abduction range of motion.

Question 33

The clavicular head of the pectoralis major muscle is innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve arising from C5, C6, and C7.

Question 34

The infraspinatus muscle is innervated by the suprascapular nerve arising from C5 and C6.

Question 35

The coracobrachialis muscle is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve arising from C5, C6, and C7.

Question 36

The origin of the pectoralis major upper fibers is the medial half of the anterior surface of the clavicle.

Question 37

The origin of the pectoralis major lower fibers is the anterior surface of the costal cartilages of the first six ribs, and adjoining portion of the sternum.

Question 38

The insertion of the pectoralis major muscle is on the flat tendon 2 or 3 inches wide to the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.

Question 39

The origin of the deltoid muscle includes the anterior lateral third of the clavicle and the lateral aspect of the acromion.

Question 40

The insertion of the deltoid muscle is on the humeral tuberosity on the lateral humerus.

Question 41

In the context of shoulder joint movements, abduction refers to an upward lateral movement of the humerus in the frontal plane out to the side, away from the body.

Question 42

Posterior dislocations occur frequently at the glenohumeral joint.

Question 43

The rotator cuff group includes the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles.

Question 44

The shoulder joint agonists that are associated with diagonal adduction are the posterior deltoid, the infraspinatus, and the teres minor muscles.

Question 45

The shoulder joint agonists that perform flexion are the anterior deltoid, the upper pectoralis major, and the coracobrachialis muscles.

Question 46

The supraspinatus muscle holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa.

Question 47

The action performed by the subscapularis muscle is opposite to the action performed by the infraspinatus muscle.

Question 48

The stability of the glenohumeral joint is enhanced by its significant mobility.

Question 49

The deltoid anterior fibers are concentrically responsible for internal rotation and the deltoid posterior fibers are responsible for external rotation of the glenohumeral joint.

Question 50

The glenoid labrum enhances stability of the glenohumeral joint.