Deck 8: A Little Propositional Logic

Question 1

The following is a simple statement: "Both Michael and Jerry play basketball."

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The only time a conjunction is true is when both of its conjuncts are true.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

It is always the case that, if it is possible for an argument's premises to be true while its conclusion is false, then that argument is invalid.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In the exclusive sense of the word "or," the phrase "A or B" means that either A is true or B is true but it is not the case that they are both true.

Question 5

Unless a speaker makes it abundantly clear, one should assume that the speaker is using the inclusive sense of the word "or."

Question 6

A truth table is a listing of all possible truth-values for the variables in an argument form.

Question 7

A statement that consists of two simple statements is compound.

Question 8

The only time a conditional statement is false is when the antecedent is true and the conclusion is false.

Question 9

Consider: "If you can't fly then run, if you can't run then walk." Choose the best symbolization of the statement.

A) (~F $\rightarrow$ ~R) $\rightarrow$ ~W
B) (~F $\rightarrow$ ~R)&(~R $\rightarrow$ ~W)
C) (~R $\rightarrow$ ~F)&(~W $\rightarrow$ ~R)
D) (~F $\rightarrow$ R) $\rightarrow$ ~W
E) none of these symbolizations fit

Question 10

Consider: "Legalizing gay marriage will ultimately prove beneficial for gay individuals." Choose the best symbolization of the statement.

A) L
B) L $\rightarrow$ G
C) L & G
D) L v G
E) none of these symbolizations fit

Question 11

"If abortion should be illegal, it is because a fetus should be legally considered a person. But if a fetus should be legally considered a person then there should be no exception for abortion in the case of rape. Of course, there should be an exception for cases of rape. Therefore, abortion should not be illegal."

A)A $\rightarrow$ P, P $\rightarrow$ ~ E, E ~ A; this argument is valid
B) A $\rightarrow$ P, P $\rightarrow$ ~ E, E, 11eea1b4_6a09_6652_aa9a_4b14a5b2d246_TB9802_11 ~ A; this argument is invalid
C) P $\rightarrow$ A, ~E $\rightarrow$ P, E, 11eea1b4_6a09_6652_aa9a_4b14a5b2d246_TB9802_11~ A; this argument is valid
D) P $\rightarrow$ A, ~E $\rightarrow$ P, E, 11eea1b4_6a09_6652_aa9a_4b14a5b2d246_TB9802_11 ~ A; this argument is invalid
E) none of the above

Question 12

Either legalizing gay marriage will be beneficial for society or it will tear society apart. Legalizing mixed race marriage did not tear society apart and if so, legalizing gay marriage won't tear society apart. So, legalizing gay marriage will benefit society.

A) B v T, M & (M $\rightarrow$ ~ T), B; this argument is valid
B) B v T, M & (M $\rightarrow$ ~ T), 11eea1b4_6a09_6652_aa9a_4b14a5b2d246_TB9802_11B; this argument is invalid
C) B v T, M $\rightarrow$ ~ T, 11eea1b4_6a09_6652_aa9a_4b14a5b2d246_TB9802_11 B; this argument is valid
D) B v T, M $\rightarrow$ ~ T, 11eea1b4_6a09_6652_aa9a_4b14a5b2d246_TB9802_11 B; this argument is invalid
E) none of the above

Question 13

The physical laws of the universe are set up in such a way that they guarantee the formation of life the revolution. If God were to design the universe that's exactly how he would set it up. If God designed the universe then he exists. Therefore, God exists.

A) L, D $\rightarrow$ L, D $\rightarrow$ E, E; this argument is valid
B) L, D $\rightarrow$ L, D $\rightarrow$ E, 11eea1b4_c73f_3f23_aa9a_05785c4697e6_TB9802_11 E; this argument is invalid
C) L, L $\rightarrow$ D, D $\rightarrow$ E, 11eea1b4_c73f_3f23_aa9a_05785c4697e6_TB9802_11 E; this argument is valid
D) L, L $\rightarrow$ D, D $\rightarrow$ E, 11eea1b4_c73f_3f23_aa9a_05785c4697e6_TB9802_11 E; this argument is invalid
E) none of the above

Question 14

Had Hitler won World War II, he would've eventually had to deal with Japan. So, since if Hitler had had to deal with Japan millions more would've died, had Hitler won World War II millions more would've died.

A) W $\rightarrow$ D, D $\rightarrow$ M, W $\rightarrow$ M; this argument is valid
B) W $\rightarrow$ D, D $\rightarrow$ M, 11eea1b4_c73f_3f23_aa9a_05785c4697e6_TB9802_11 W $\rightarrow$ M; this argument is invalid
C) D $\rightarrow$ W, M $\rightarrow$ W, 11eea1b4_c73f_3f23_aa9a_05785c4697e6_TB9802_11 D $\rightarrow$ M; this argument is valid
D) D $\rightarrow$ W, M $\rightarrow$ W,11eea1b4_c73f_3f23_aa9a_05785c4697e6_TB9802_11 D $\rightarrow$ M; this argument is invalid
E) none of the above

Question 15

If we can sell our old house then we will have enough money to buy a new one. We're rich so we do have enough money to buy a new one. So we'll be able to sell our old house.

A) S $\rightarrow$ M, R $\rightarrow$ M, S; this argument is valid
B) S $\rightarrow$ M, R $\rightarrow$ M, 11eea1b5_93ad_6234_aa9a_534d1d5c294c_TB9802_11 S; this argument is invalid
C) S $\rightarrow$ M, R & ( R $\rightarrow$ M), 11eea1b5_93ad_6234_aa9a_534d1d5c294c_TB9802_11 S; this argument is valid
D) S $\rightarrow$ M, R & (R $\rightarrow$ M), 11eea1b5_93ad_6234_aa9a_534d1d5c294c_TB9802_11 S; this argument is invalid
E) none of the above

Question 16

If the dog is sleeping you don't want to wake him up. The dog will start barking if you wake him. So, if the dog isn't sleeping then he is barking.

A) S $\rightarrow$ ~ W, B $\rightarrow$ W, ~ S $\rightarrow$ B; this argument is valid
B) S $\rightarrow$ ~ W, B $\rightarrow$ W, 11eea1b5_93ad_6234_aa9a_534d1d5c294c_TB9802_11 ~ S $\rightarrow$ B; this argument is invalid
C) S $\rightarrow$ ~ W, W $\rightarrow$ B, 11eea1b5_93ad_6234_aa9a_534d1d5c294c_TB9802_11 ~ S $\rightarrow$ B; this argument is valid
D) S $\rightarrow$ ~ W, W $\rightarrow$ B, 11eea1b5_93ad_6234_aa9a_534d1d5c294c_TB9802_11 ~ S $\rightarrow$ B; this argument is invalid
E) none of the above

Question 17

A disjunction is symbolized by

A) v
B) *
C) ^
D) ~

Question 18

A conditional statement is symbolized by

A) v
B) =)
C)
D) _{$\rightarrow$}

Question 19

The statement "If Joan comes to the party, Harry won't come to the party" is correctly symbolized as

A) p v ~q
B) p ~q
C) J&~H
D) none of the above