Deck 34: Bleeding and Soft Tissue

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a closed wound?

A) Headache
B) Bruise
C) Blood Clot
D) Viral Infection

Answer 1

Bruise

Question 2

What is the definition of an open wound?

A) A soft tissue injury when the skin is intact.
B) A torn blood vessel that is hemorrhaging.
C) An injury when the skin surface is broken.
D) An injury that needs invasive surgery.

Answer 2

An injury when the skin surface is broken.

Question 3

What is happening if a patient is having a splenic hemorrhage?

A) There is a massive blood clot in the spleen.
B) The lymph vessels are torn.
C) The spleen is engorged with blood.
D) There is a massive blood loss from the spleen.

Answer 3

There is a massive blood loss from the spleen.

Question 4

Which of the following conditions affects blood clotting?

A) Sickle cell anemia
B) High blood pressure
C) Hemophilia
D) Cystic fibrosis

Question 5

Which is a life-threatening condition caused by a deep cut?

A) Hypertension
B) Hemorrhage
C) Hyperlipidemia
D) Hemophilia

Question 6

What is the body's normal response to a broken blood vessel?

A) Oxygenated hemoglobin releases oxygen to form a scab.
B) Platelets arrive and form a scab from white blood cells.
C) The vessel wall contracts and platelets plug the hole.
D) The vessel collapses to stop all incoming blood flow.

Question 7

A patient spurts bright red blood from an injury. The patient has ________ bleeding.

A) vascular
B) capillary
C) venous
D) arterial

Question 8

In order, what are the steps that you should perform when arriving at a trauma scene?

A) Evaluate scene safety, put on PPE, determine mechanism of injury, begin primary survey
B) Determine mechanism of injury, evaluate scene safety, put on PPE, begin primary survey
C) Evaluate scene safety, determine mechanism of injury, put on PPE, begin primary survey
D) Put on PPE, evaluate scene safety, determine mechanism of injury, begin primary survey

Question 9

At an accident site, a patient is bleeding profusely. After the scene size-up, you should

A) do a visual inspection to find all sources of bleeding.
B) ensure that the patient has an adequate airway.
C) ask the patient if he has blood-borne diseases.
D) immediately dress and bandage all wounds.

Question 10

Which statement is true regarding external bleeding?

A) If the supply of bandages runs out, a tourniquet can be used.
B) You should remove clothing to visually inspect the source of bleeding.
C) The patient should not know how much blood they have lost.
D) Personal protective equipment is only needed when you fear disease transmission.

Question 11

Severe blood loss in an 8 year old child is considered to start at

A) 1,500 mL.
B) 1,000 mL.
C) 150 mL.
D) 500 mL.

Question 12

What is a splint?

A) A device that stops all blood circulation to an arm or leg.
B) A device used to apply pressure to a large open wound.
C) A device used to limit movement of an injured arm or leg.
D) A device that restrains the movement of the cervical spine.

Question 13

When applying a pressure bandage, you should ensure that

A) it is tight enough to inhibit circulation.
B) it is loose enough for the patient to move easily.
C) blood cannot soak through the dressings.
D) it has only enough pressure to control bleeding.

Question 14

In which situation is it appropriate to use a tourniquet?

A) You are the only EMT on the scene where one patient has a closed humerus fracture and another needs leg elevation.
B) You are the only EMT on the scene where one patient is bleeding heavily from his arm and another needs airway support.
C) You have a patient who is terrified at the sight of blood and is panicking that he will lose too much blood.
D) You have a patient with a laceration to his wrist, and your medical kit does not have enough dressings and bandages.

Question 15

You arrive on the scene of a multiple car crash and find a victim with tape on his forehead. The tape reads, "TK-1827." This patient

A) is listed in the patient database under TK-1827.
B) had a tourniquet applied at 6:27PM.
C) received a drug named "TK-1827."
D) exhibited signs of tachycardia at 6:27PM.

Question 16

What are the two most common causes of internal bleeding?

A) Blood clots and large bone fractures
B) Organ injuries and large bone fractures
C) Organ injuries and shock
D) Blood clots and shock

Question 17

A patient with a broken femur with swelling in the upper leg might have

A) hemophilia.
B) bone swelling.
C) internal bleeding.
D) a blood clot.

Question 18

A femur fracture can cause blood loss of up to

A) 1,000 to 2,000 mL
B) 0 to 500mL
C) 3,000 to 4,000 mL
D) 2,000 to 3,000 mL

Question 19

A man who fell from a 15 foot ladder broke his right humerus but otherwise has no complaints. You should

A) test the man's nerve sensations near the affected area.
B) transport to a trauma center for an internal bleeding examination.
C) provide the man with a splint and some extra dressings from your medical kit.
D) refer the man to visit his primary physician on his own time.

Question 20

What are the 5 Ps of Compartment Syndrome?

A) Powerlessness, Pain, Peristalsis, Pressure, Distal pulses
B) Pain, Paralysis, Paresthesias, Increased Pressure, Diminished peripheral pulses
C) Paresthesias, Pulses, Pain, Pressure, Peristalsis
D) Pain, Paralysis, Peristalsis, Increased Pressure, Diminished peripheral pulses

Question 21

A blunt force injury that causes minor tissue damage and bleeding under the skin is called a

A) contusion.
B) crush injury.
C) compression injury.
D) hematoma.

Question 22

What is the most common cause of death in the first few days after a crush injury?

A) Myocardial Infarction
B) Hypovolemic shock
C) Stroke
D) Hypertension

Question 23

The metal object embedded in the foot would be called a(n)

A) internal object.
B) external object.
C) puncturing object.
D) impaled object.

Question 24

This puncture wound would most likely be at risk for

A) compartment syndrome and hematoma.
B) external bleeding and hypovolemia.
C) crush syndrome and paralysis.
D) infection and internal bleeding.

Question 25

In a degloving injury,

A) the hands succumb to a crush injury.
B) the wrists are lacerated and the radial arteries bleed out.
C) all tissue has been stripped down to the bone.
D) skin and fatty tissue are stripped away from an extremity.

Question 26

What type of injury is this?

A) Puncture wound
B) Compound fracture
C) Laceration
D) Crush injury

Question 27

When treating this injury, you should first

A) compress the brachial pressure point.
B) irrigate the wound.
C) elevate the limb.
D) apply direct pressure.

Question 28

Explain the lack of blood in this amputation injury.

A) The wound is cauterized and sealed.
B) The patient lost all blood volume from the wound.
C) The blood vessels constricted and pulled inward.
D) The blood has been stopped by a tourniquet.

Question 29

A patient with stab wounds in the chest makes a gurgling sound when he breathes. This describes a(n)

A) hemorrhage.
B) amputation.
C) embedded object.
D) sucking chest wound.

Question 30

What is a sucking chest wound?

A) A chest wound in which the lungs either partially or fully collapse.
B) A chest wound in which air enters and exits the pleural cavity with each breath.
C) A chest wound in which mucus clots the lung and needs suction for cleaning.
D) A chest wound in which the lungs bleed into the abdominal cavity.

Question 31

Your patient was stabbed in the abdomen. You note several inches of bowel protruding from the wound. You should

A) place an occlusive dressing over the wound and seal on all four sides.
B) remove clothing from the wound and cover with a moist dressing.
C) gently place the bowel back into the abdominal cavity with a gloved hand.
D) remove clothing from the affected area and cover with a heavy, dry dressing.

Question 32

Your patient's finger was amputated in a farming accident. You should

A) reassure the victim that the finger will be reattached.
B) have the victim hold the finger in place on his hand.
C) place the finger in a paper bag and seal tightly.
D) place the finger in a waterproof bag and keep it cool.

Question 33

When palpating the tissue around a neck laceration, you feel crackling and popping. You suspect

A) sucking neck wound.
B) subcutaneous emphysema.
C) crush injury.
D) evisceration.

Question 34

How should you care for debris irritants in the eye?

A) Let the natural lubrication of the eye handle the debris.
B) Use a tool, like tweezers, to clean the debris.
C) Use gloved fingers to retrieve the debris.
D) Flush the eye with water or saline solution.

Question 35

Your patient has a 4 inch stick lodged in her eye. You should

A) stabilize the stick with gauze, place a paper cup over the affected eye, and then dress the unaffected eye.
B) stabilize the stick with gauze and place a paper cup over the affected eye.
C) fully cover the stick with gauze and also dress the unaffected eye.
D) gently remove the stick, apply pressure to the affected eye with moistened gauze, and rapidly transport.

Question 36

What are the signs of a partial thickness burn?

A) A leathery entrance wound and a blackened exit wound.
B) Pink, red, or mottled skin with swelling and possible blisters.
C) Yellow to black color and a waxy or leathery appearance.
D) Red skin that the patient finds mildly painful.

Question 37

According to The Rule of Nines, what is the total body surface area affected when a child has burned both the front and back of his trunk?

A) 18%
B) 36%
C) 54%
D) 9%

Question 38

A stocking burn can be caused by

A) using a harsh chemical on a child's feet.
B) drying a child's feet too roughly with a towel.
C) leaving a child's feet exposed to sunlight.
D) dipping a child's feet into hot water.

Question 39

Your patient was trapped in a house fire for 20 minutes. When firefighters bring him to you, he is unresponsive with obvious burns on his left leg and left arm. You should first

A) calculate the total body surface area burned.
B) check for potential airway problems.
C) pour cold water over the burns.
D) keep the burned extremities below heart level.

Question 40

A coworker comes to you with what appears to be a minor chemical burn. You should first

A) cut all clothes off the affected area.
B) perform a rapid trauma assessment.
C) put on personal protective equipment.
D) wash the affected area with water.

Question 41

A male patient has spilled a chemical on his shirt that is causing a burn. You should

A) flush the shirt and affected skin with water before removing the shirt.
B) cut the shirt from the patient's body.
C) lift the shirt over the patient's head.
D) place an occlusive dressing between the shirt and the patient's skin.

Question 42

Electricity causes the most damage

A) where it exits the body.
B) to the inside of the body.
C) when it jumps between people.
D) where it enters the body.

Question 43

Your patient suffered an electric shock on a construction site. His coworkers tell you that he was briefly unresponsive, but now he is alert and oriented and does not want to go to the hospital. You should

A) ask his coworkers to monitor him and call 911 if he becomes ill.
B) tell him that he may have internal damage that needs to be assessed at the hospital.
C) tell him that very few people survive electrical burns without hospital treatment.
D) carefully document his refusal of care.

Question 44

After an emergency at a school, you might be expected to

A) give a first-aid demonstration to the students.
B) drive friends of the patient to the hospital.
C) discuss the patient's situation with students.
D) provide emotional support to concerned students.

Question 45

Your patient has a large avulsion on his knee. You applied dressing and a bandage, but you notice that blood is soaking through them. You should

A) apply a tourniquet and document the time it was applied.
B) remove the dressing and replace with a new, clean dressing.
C) apply more dressings and another bandage.
D) place an ice pack above the bleeding area.

Question 46

Because a full-thickness burn can cut off circulation to an area, you should also be aware of

A) a "pins and needles" feeling in the burned area.
B) compartment syndrome in the burned area.
C) blood clots traveling through the circulation system.
D) hypertension throughout the body.

Question 47

What is an example of non-life threatening internal bleeding?

A) Evisceration
B) Hematoma
C) Degloving injury
D) Hemorrhage

Question 48

Your patient burned his hand in a camp fire. How should you treat his burn?

A) Pour ice water over it.
B) Rub petroleum across it.
C) Wrap it in a wet towel.
D) Cover it in dry dressings.

Question 49

Which injury should go to a burn center?

A) An adult with a blistering burn on his elbow
B) An adult with a circumferential burn on his forearm
C) A child with mild sunburn
D) A teenager with rug burn and an abrasion

Question 50

Your patient has a thermal burn on her eye and is wearing contact lenses. You should

A) leave the contact lens in place and administer an irrigating solution.
B) have the patient remove her contact lens and administer an irrigating solution.
C) have the patient remove her contact lens and apply cool, saline soaked gauze to the eye.
D) leave the contact lens in place and apply cool, saline soaked gauze to the eye.

Question 51

About 10-14 days after the initial injury, a contusion will appear

A) green and then yellow.
B) purple or blue.
C) brownish-yellow.
D) as normal skin.

Question 52

Which is most important to be aware of with a lower jaw fracture?

A) The tongue could block the airway.
B) A broken maxilla is often accompanied by a black eye.
C) Broken teeth could cut your gloves.
D) Lower jaw fractures often have significant blood loss.

Question 53

What's the difference between a dressing and a bandage?

A) A bandage is an absorbent material placed over a wound, and a dressing secures the bandage.
B) A dressing is an absorbent material placed over a wound, and a bandage secures the dressing.
C) A dressing is used for major bleeding cases, and a bandage is used for minor bleeding cases.
D) A bandage is used for major bleeding cases, and a dressing is used for minor bleeding cases.

Question 54

What is the optimal size of a dressing for a wound?

A) Thick enough to absorb all the blood.
B) Extending beyond the edges of the wound.
C) Slightly smaller than the wound.
D) Close to the size of the wound.

Question 55

You have wrapped a roller bandage around your patient's wrist. How should you make sure that the bandage is not too tight?

A) Check her finger color and ask the patient if she is comfortable.
B) Check her pulse distal to the bandage and evaluate finger color.
C) Ask the patient to squeeze your hand and assess her grip.
D) Ask the patient whether she can comfortably flex her wrist.

Question 56

Why is venous bleeding usually easier to control than arterial bleeding?

A) Venous bleeding is under less pressure than arterial bleeding.
B) Veins are harder to compress than arteries.
C) Deoxygenated blood clots more easily than oxygenated blood.
D) Veins are further away from the skin than arterial blood.

Question 57

How does the skin appear in a full thickness burn?

A) The color is red and there are usually no blisters.
B) The color ranges from yellow to black and has a leathery or waxy texture.
C) The entry site is leathery and the exit site is blackened.
D) The color ranges from pink to maroon and has blisters.

Question 58

Which of these injuries would be most at risk for infection?

A) Contusion
B) Abrasion
C) Puncture wound
D) Hematoma

Question 59

What is hemophilia?

A) A condition where the hemoglobin carries too much oxygen
B) When a major blood vessel has a massive blood loss
C) A disorder in which the blood does not clot normally
D) The attraction of platelets to the location of an injury

Question 60

You are at a birthday party when a four year old boy cuts his leg while playing. He is bleeding heavily, and you don't have any first aid supplies with you. You should

A) press a clean, damp towel to the wound.
B) instruct the child to hold a clean, dry towel to his wound and elevate his leg.
C) wait for EMS to respond with medical equipment.
D) place a plastic bag over your hand and press a dry towel to the wound.